SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Gen. Biology 1
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Structure and Function of
Animal Tissue
General Biology 1 – Grade 11/12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Structure and Functions of Animal Tissues
First Edition, 2020

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Gen. Biology 1
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Structure and Function of
Animal Tissues
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the General Biology 1 with Grade Level 11/12 Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on Structure and Function of Animal Tissues!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
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their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
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This instructional material was collaboratively developed and

reviewed by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and
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We value your feedback and recommendations.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the General Biology 1 11/12 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module
on Structure and Functions of Animal Tissues!

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This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
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This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
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What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

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and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and

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 skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

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If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

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 We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you classify the different cell types of animal tissue and specify the functions of
each. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.
The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the
order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you
are now using.

The module contains:

 Lesson 4 – Structure and Function of Animal Tissues

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Identify the parts of each animal tissue

2. Classify the different cell types of animal tissue

3. Specify the functions of animal tissue

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

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1. A group of specialized cells and intercellular substances around them that are
adapted to work together in order to perform particular function.

a. Cells c. Organ System

b. Organ d. Tissues
2. Tissues that are made of cells specialized to receive and transmit electrical impulses
from specific areas of the body and to send them to specific locations in the body

a. Muscle tissues c. Nervous tissues

b. Connective tissues d. Epithelial tissues
3. It is known as the “liquid gold” in the blood in this time of covid-19 pandemic.

a. Red blood cells c. Platelets

b. Plasma d. White blood cells
4. A hard-connective tissue which forms the framework of the body.

a. Bone c. Adipose
b. Cartilage d. Blood
5. It is made up of tightly packed cells that line the surfaces of the body for protection,
secretion, and absorption,

a. Muscle tissue c. Epithelial tissue

b. Nervous tissue d. Connective tissue
6. Which of the following does not belong to the group?

a. Squamous c. Skeletal
b. Cuboidal d. Columnar
7. What type of animal tissue does a tiny blood cell belongs that helps the body from
clots to stop bleeding?

a. Epithelial c. Muscle
b. Connective d. Nervous
8. It is made up of chondrocytes with dense, flexible intercellular materials and present
at the tips of external ears, bronchi, vertebral column.

a. Cartilage c. Areolar connective tissue

b. Adipose tissue d. Bone
9. This tissue assists in support and protection of organs and limbs, it may join or
separate organs or parts of the body.

a. Muscle tissue c. Nervous tissue

b. Epithelial tissue d. Connective tissue
10. It is the only muscle tissue among the group.

a. Smooth c. Cuboidal
b. Glial d. White fibrous
11. The skeleton supports the body and gives it shape. It has several other functions as
well, including:

I. Protecting internal organs

II. Providing attachment surfaces for muscles
III. Producing blood cells
IV. Storing minerals
V. Maintaining mineral homeostasis
a. I, II and II c. I, II, IV and V
b. II, III and IV d. I, II, III, IV and V
12. The Epithelial Tissue:

a. They cover the body, organs, blood vessels and all cavities.

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 b. The cells are thin and found in lower most layer rest in a basement
membrane
c. Basically protective, could be secretory and absorptive in function.
d. All of the above
13. It is made up of cube like cells, present in kidney tubules, secretory and absorptive
in function.

a. Simple squamous epithelium c. Simple epithelium

b. Simple cuboidal epithelium d. stratified epithelium
14. The following belongs to the group except for:

a. Ligament c. Dendrites
b. Axon d. Cell body
15. It is the major tissue making up the heart. It is an involuntary muscle that is
striated in appearance.

a. Smooth c. Skeletal
b. Cardiac d. Glial

Lesson Gen. Biology 1: Structure

1 and Functions of Animal
Tissues
A group of cells similar in structure, function, and origin is called tissues. In
animals, the structure of a tissue depends on its function. An animal body is made
of four different types of tissues. They have been classified based on the type of cell,
function, and location in the body. The four major tissue types are epithelial,
connective, muscular, and nervous tissue.

What’s In

Animals are multicellular organisms which are composed of many cells.

From cells (basic unit of life) to form tissues (complex animals have four primary
types), and tissues combine to form organs—like the skin or kidney—that have
specific, specialized functions within the body. Organs are organized into organ
systems to perform functions; examples include the circulatory system, which
consists of the heart and blood vessels, and the digestive system, consisting of
several organs, including the stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas. Organ
systems come together to create an entire organism. In most animals, different
organs form organ systems.

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Levels of Organization: (Source: https://med.libretexts.org)

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.

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 What’s New

Activity – Types of Animal Tissue and Functions

I. Objectives:
1.) To identify the parts of each animal tissue
2.) To classify different cell types of animal tissue

II. Procedure:
Analyze the given picture, identify its parts and classify the parts
based on the type of animal tissue (epithelial, connective, muscle, and
nervous).

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 Type of Animal Tissue: 6

Figure 1; Epithelial tissue (Source: Reece JB, U.L. (2010). Campbell Biology

10th.San Francisco (CA):.)

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 Type of Animal Tissue: 13

Figure 2: Connective Tissue (Source: Reece JB, U. L. (2010). Campbell Biology 10 th.

San Francisco (CA):.)

Type of Animal Tissue: 17

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Figure 3: Muscle Tissue (Source: Reece JB, U. L. (2010). Campbell Biology 10 th. San

Francisco (CA):.)

Figure 4: Neurons and Glial Cells (Source: Reece JB, U. L. (2010). Campbell Biology

Type of Animal Tissue: 25

Guide questions:

1.) Describe the different types of animal tissues.

2.) Give the general function of the types of animal tissues.
3.) How are the simple and stratified epithelial cells differ from each other?
4.) Why are there voluntary and involuntary muscle tissue functions?
5.) What are the components of blood and why are they important?

What is It

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 Tissue is a group of specialized cells and the intercellular substance around
them that are adapted to work together in order for perform particular functions.

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The four basic types of Animal Tissue

Epithelial tissue is a type of tissue made up of tightly packed cells

commonly seen outside the body as coverings or as linings of organs and cavities.
Examples of epithelial tissue include the skin, the lining of the mouth and nose,
and the lining of the digestive system.

Cells that make up epithelial tissues can have a distinct arrangement:

 Cuboidal – The tissue is made of cube-shaped cells, it is for secretion.

 Simple columnar – brick-shaped cell; for secretion and active absorption
 Simple squamous- plate-like cells; for exchange of material through diffusion
 Stratified squamous-multilayered and regenerates quickly; for protection
 Pseudo-stratified columnar- single layer cells; may just look stacked because
of varying height; for lining of respiratory tract; usually lined with cilia.

Connective tissues are made up of fibrous cells. Blood and bone are
examples of specialized connective tissues. The cells of the connective tissue are
separate by nonliving material called extracellular matrix. These tissues help hold
other tissues together like during the formation of organs and have the ability to
stretch and contract positively.

 Blood is made up of plasma (ie., liquid extracellular matrix) that contains

water, salts, and dissolved proteins; erythrocytes that carry oxygen (RBC),
leukocytes for defense (WBC), and platelets for blood clotting. It is the only
fluid connective tissue.
 Connective tissue proper (CTP) is made up of loose connective tissue that is
made up of collagenous fibers found in tendons and ligaments (holds bones
together and keeps them in place). Adipose tissues are examples of loose
connective tissues that store fats which functions to insulate the body and
store energy.
 Cartilage is characterized by collagenous fibers embedded in chondroitin
sulfate. Chondrocytes are the cells that secrete collagen and chondroitin
sulfate. Cartilage functions as cushion between bones. They are present at
the tips of external ears, bronchi, vertebral column, etc.
 Bone is a mineralized connective tissue made by bone-forming cells called
osteoblasts which deposit collagen. It is a hard-connective tissue which

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 forms the framework of the body. The matrix of collagen is combined with
calcium, magnesium, and phosphate ions to make the bone hard. Blood
vessels and nerves are found at a central canal surrounded by concentric
circles of osteons.

Muscle tissues are tissues composed of long cells called muscle fibers that
allow the body to move voluntary or involuntary. Movement of muscles is a
response to signals coming from nerve cells. In vertebrates, these muscles can be
categorized into the following:

 Skeletal -striated in appearance; voluntary movements

 Cardiac – striated with intercalated disk for synchronized heart contraction;
involuntary
 Smooth – not striated muscle with tampered ends; involuntary

Nervous tissues are composed of nerve cells called neurons and glial cells
that function as support cells. These neurons sense stimuli and transmit electrical
signals throughout the animal body. Neurons connect to other neurons to send
signals. The dendrite is the part of the neuron that receives impulses from other
neurons while the axon is the part where the impulse is transmitted to other
neurons.

What’s More

Activity 1.1 Know my worth: General Functions of Animal

Tissue

I. Objective:

Specify the general functions of each animal tissue

II. Procedure:
Fill up the table below with the appropriate function based on the
type of animal tissue. Choose your answer from the box below, write only
the letter.

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16
 Functions Type of Tissue
1.) Provides barrier between the
external environment and the
organ it covers.
2.) Transmit nerve impulses around
the body
3.) Excretes waste products such as
sweat from the skin
4.) Responsible for virtually all the
movements of the body, both
inside and out.
5.) Specialized to function in secretion
and absorption
6.) Help to hold the other tissues
together like during the formation
of organs and have the ability to
stretch and contract positively.
7.) Maintaining mineral homeostasis
8.) Protects organisms from
microorganisms, injury, and fluid
loss.

9.) The contraction helps the organs

carry out their functions
10.) Responsible for the carrying
of electrical and chemical signals
from the brain and central nervous
system to the periphery, and vice
versa

Type of Tissue
A. Epithelial tissue
B. Connective tissue
C. Muscle Tissue
D. Nervous Tissue

What I Have Learned

Types of Animal Tissue

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1.) Epithelial tissue forms the outer layer of the body and also lines many of the
bodies cavities where it has a protective function.
Different Types of Epithelial Tissues
Cell shape Description Location

squamous flat, irregular round shape simple: lung alveoli, capillaries

stratified: skin, mouth, vagina

cuboidal cube shaped, central glands, renal tubules

nucleus

columnar tall, narrow, nucleus toward simple: digestive tract

base tall, narrow, nucleus pseudostratified: respiratory tract
along cell

transitional round, simple but appear urinary bladder

stratified

Table 1 Summary of the different types of epithelial tissues

2.) Connective tissue assists in support and protection of organs and limbs and
depending on the location in the body it may join or separate organs or parts
of the body.
Connective Tissues
Tissue Cells Fibers Location

loose/areola fibroblasts, few: collagen, around blood vessels;

r macrophages, some elastic, anchors epithelia
lymphocytes, some reticular
neutrophils

dense, fibroblasts, mostly collagen irregular: skin

fibrous macrophages, regular: tendons,
connective ligaments
tissue

cartilage chondrocytes, hyaline: few shark skeleton, fetal

chondroblasts collagen bones, human ears,
fibrocartilage: intervertebral discs
large amount of
collagen

bone osteoblasts, some: collagen, vertebrate skeletons

osteocytes, elastic
osteoclasts

adipose adipocytes few adipose (fat)

blood red blood cells, white none blood

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 Connective Tissues
Tissue Cells Fibers Location

blood cells

Table 2 Summary of various types of connective tissues, the types of cells

and fibers they are made of, and sample locations of the tissues

3.) Muscle tissue enables various forms of movement, both voluntary and

involuntary.
Types of Muscles
Type of Muscle Striation Nuclei Control Location
s

smooth no single, in involuntary visceral organs

center

skeletal yes many, at voluntary skeletal muscles

periphery

cardiac yes single, in involuntary heart

center

Table 3 Summary of the differences of the type of muscles

4.) Nerve tissue is responsible for the carrying of electrical and chemical signals
and impulses from the brain and central nervous system to the periphery,
and vice versa. The main cell of the nervous system is the neuron.
Projections from the cell body are either dendrites specialized in receiving
input or a single axon specialized in transmitting impulses. A nerve consists
of neurons and glial cells.

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Functions of Animal Tissue

Epithelial tissue

 Provides a barrier between the external environment and the organ it covers.

 Specialized to function in secretion and absorption.

 Protects organisms from microorganisms, injury, and fluid loss.

 Excretes waste products such as sweat from the skin.

Connective Tissue

 Help to hold other tissues together like during the formation of organs and
have the ability to stretch and contract positively
 Maintaining mineral homeostasis
 connect and support the different tissues, organs, and parts of the body.

Muscle Tissue

 Muscle contractions are responsible for virtually all the movements of the
body, both inside and out.
 The contraction helps the organs carry out their functions. For example,
when smooth muscle in the stomach contracts, it squeezes the food inside
the stomach, which helps break the food into smaller pieces.

Nervous Tissue

 Responsible for the carrying of electrical and chemical signals from the brain
and central nervous system to the periphery, and vice versa
 Transmit nerve impulses around the body

What I Can Do

Tissues are made from large groups of cells that cluster together to complete
a shared function. From tissues arise organs, and organs keep the body operating.
Cells are important to form tissues; tissues are also important to form organs and
so on. Without the presence of one there will be no existence of others. Let us
always remember that like tissues, every person and his or her contribution is
essential in our existence. There is a saying that goes “no man is an island”, we
cannot live all by ourselves. If there will be no tissues, there will be no organs. We
need one another to live since we perform different functions in our society. Unity is

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the key to have a good and successful life, without unity there will be a malfunction
as a whole.

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. A group of specialized cells and intercellular substances around them that
are adapted to work together in order to perform particular function.
a. Cells c. Organ System
b. Organ d. Tissues
2. Tissues that are made of cells specialized to receive and transmit electrical
impulses from specific areas of the body and to send them to specific
locations in the body
a. Muscle tissues c. Nervous tissues
b. Connective tissues d. Epithelial tissues
3. It is known as the “liquid gold” in the blood in this time of covid-19
pandemic.
a. Red blood cells c. Platelets
b. Plasma d. White blood cells
4. A hard-connective tissue which forms the framework of the body.
a. Bone c. Adipose
b. Cartilage d. Blood
5. It is made up of tightly packed cells that line the surfaces of the body for
protection, secretion, and absorption,
a. Muscle tissue c. Epithelial tissue
b. Nervous tissue d. Connective tissue
6. Which of the following does not belong to the group?
a. Squamous c. Skeletal
b. Cuboidal d. Columnar
7. What type of animal tissue does a tiny blood cell belongs that helps the body
from clots to stop bleeding?
a. Epithelial c. Muscle
b. Connective d. Nervous
8. It is made up of chondrocytes with dense, flexible intercellular materials and
present at the tips of external ears, bronchi, vertebral column.
a. Cartilage c. Areolar connective tissue
b. Adipose tissue d. Bone
9. This tissue assists in support and protection of organs and limbs; it may join
or separate organs or parts of the body.
a. Muscle tissue c. Nervous tissue
b. Epithelial tissue d. Connective tissue

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10. It is the only muscle tissue among the group.
a. Smooth c. Cuboidal
b. Glial d. White fibrous
11. The skeleton supports the body and gives it shape. It has several other
functions as well, including:
I. Protecting internal organs
II. Providing attachment surfaces for muscles
III. Producing blood cells
IV. Storing minerals
V. Maintaining mineral homeostasis
a. I, II and II c. I, II, IV and V
b. II, III and IV d. I, II, III, IV and V
12. The Epithelial Tissue:
a. They cover the body, organs, blood vessels and all cavities.
b. The cells are thin and found in lower most layer rest in a basement
membrane
c. Basically protective, could be secretory and absorptive in function.
d. All of the above
13. It is made up of cube like cells, present in kidney tubules, secretory and
absorptive in function.
a. Simple squamous epithelium c. Simple epithelium
b. Simple cuboidal epithelium d. stratified epithelium
14. The following belongs to the group except for:
a. Ligament c. Dendrites
b. Axon d. Cell body
15. It is the major tissue making up the heart. It is an involuntary muscle that
is striated in appearance.
a. Smooth c. Skeletal
b. Cardiac d. Glial

Additional Activities

Types of Animal Tissues

1. Make a concept map of the types of animal tissues
2. List down at least 5 diseases caused by the malfunction of each tissue types

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 23
What I Know What's More Assessment
D A D
C D C
B A B
A C A
C A C
C B C
B B B
A A A
D C D
A D A
D D
D D
B B
A A
B B
Answer Key
References

Books
Reece JB, U. L., (2010). Campbell Biology 10th. San Francisco (CA).

Electronic Resources:

http://teachtogether.chedk12.com/teaching_guides/view/172#section6 retrieved
15 May 2020

https://study.com/search/text/academy.html?
q=animal+tissues&pageType=home#/topresults/animal%20tissues

https://study.com/search/text/academy.html?
q=animal+tissues&pageType=home#/topresults/animal%20tissues

https://byjus.com/biology/epithelial-tissue-connective/

https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book
%3A_Anatomy_and_Physiology_
%3A_Introduction_to_Anatomy_and_Physiology/1.2%3A_Life/1.2C
%3A_Levels_of_Organization

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