The wording in the ruling easily applies to federal laws as well as state. For example, their reasoning was that

“in every well ordered society charged with the duty of conserving the safety of its members the rights of the individual in respect of his liberty may at times, under the pressure of great dangers, be subjected to such restraint, to be enforced by reasonable regulations, as the safety of the general public may demand" and that "[r]eal liberty for all could not exist under the operation of a principle which recognizes the right of each individual person to use his own [liberty], whether in respect of his person or his property, regardless of the injury that may be done to others."

Basically the ruling broadly upholds the ability of the government to impose health mandates. It doesn’t distinguish between a federal and state authority to do it normal separation of jurisdictions between the two. For instance, where states are empowered under Jacobson to have health mandates within their borders, the same legal logic applies to the federal government’s ability to impose health mandates on federal land and territories and on interstate commerce. It’s an overall ruling on he Constitutionality of emergency health mandates at all levels.

P.S. Now if you’re wondering about whether or not the federal government can pass mandates that only impact local government, that’s not covered by Jacobson, that’s instead a question of whether something is under state or federal jurisdiction. For example, Jacobson clearly allows states to mandate vaccines in their borders, and the federal government to mandate vaccines for federal territories and the military, etc, but it doesn’t say anything about what happens if, say, Biden wanted to impose a vaccine mandate on the entire country and Florida refused. At that point whether or not the mandate would hold water would come down to how expansive the courts allow it under something like the interstate commerce clause (on the presumption that unvaccinated people can freely travel from state to state).