So let’s sidestep the current polarized political environment and look at these policies through a historic lens.
It is far too easy to let it be a blue policy or a red policy, when really this is a greenback policy that affects us all through economics.
Price gouging occurs when sellers sharply increase prices to exploit high demand, often during emergencies like natural disasters.
“Excess corporate profits” is a term used to describe profits that are seen as disproportionately high, often during times of crisis or market manipulation. So it clearly fits into the price gouging laws, which are already in the books in the vast majority of states, but usually only when a declared state of emergency is in effect. That’s why they aren’t effective now in most cases: the declared state of emergency from 2020 long ended.
A classic example is during Hurricane Katrina in 2005 when gas prices skyrocketed in the affected areas. While the price hikes reflected increased demand and strained supply chains, they were widely condemned as unethical and led to legal actions against those accused of gouging.
Price controls, on the other hand, are government-imposed limits on how high or low a price can be charged for a product.
Price gouging and price controls appear to being conflated across the board, and they are separate and distinct things.
So, in to the history…
During World War II, the U.S. government implemented strict price controls on essential goods to prevent inflation and ensure affordability for all citizens. While this helped keep costs down, it also led to shortages, black markets, and a decline in product quality as businesses struggled to operate under artificially low prices.
During World War I, the U.S. introduced the Excess Profits Tax, which targeted corporations making significant profits beyond a normal rate of return. While it aimed to redistribute wealth and prevent war profiteering, it discouraged investment and innovation, as companies feared that any significant success would be heavily taxed.
These interventions often don’t work as intended because they disrupt the natural balance of supply and demand.
Price gouging laws can discourage suppliers from bringing needed goods to market during crises, fearing legal repercussions.
Price controls can create shortages and reduce incentives for businesses to produce or improve products.
Taxing excess profits can stifle innovation and investment, as businesses may be less willing to take risks if they know a large portion of their potential earnings will be taxed away.
These measures, while well-intentioned, often lead to unintended consequences that can exacerbate the very problems they aim to solve.
In the US, they are almost always done by politicians as a battle against the very corporate doners that fund their re-election campaigns as well, so regulatory capture is a colossal issue with them. It’s always done “for the people” and sometimes with the best of intentions, but the history of price controls has been to create huge shortages and disrupt markets, and price gouging laws are already in effect during emergency times.
It’s really important to have an education because the Harris campaign is conflating these two things, and not talking about the declared state of emergency required to invoke more gouging laws, but instead they are rather disingenuously presenting them together as a package where price gouging and price controls are the same things. They are not.
I’m fully in support of price gouging laws, but price controls are a bad idea and have a terrible track record, and I truly hope Americans are still in a place where they can understand policy as more than a black and white issue and separate these things from the political parties, because they have deep implications for us all.