BigQuery pricing
BigQuery is a serverless data analytics platform. You don't need to provision individual instances or virtual machines to use BigQuery. Instead, BigQuery automatically allocates computing resources as you need them. You can also reserve compute capacity ahead of time in the form of slots, which represent virtual CPUs. The pricing structure of BigQuery reflects this design.
Overview of BigQuery pricing
BigQuery pricing has two main components:
Compute pricing is the cost to process queries, including SQL queries, user-defined functions, scripts, and certain data manipulation language (DML) and data definition language (DDL) statements.
Storage pricing is the cost to store data that you load into BigQuery.
BigQuery charges for other operations, including using BigQuery Omni, BigQuery ML, BI Engine, and streaming reads and writes.
In addition, BigQuery has free operations and a free usage tier.
Every project that you create has a billing account attached to it. Any charges incurred by BigQuery jobs run in the project are billed to the attached billing account. BigQuery storage charges are also billed to the attached billing account. You can view BigQuery costs and trends by using the Cloud Billing reports page in the Google Cloud console.
Compute pricing models
BigQuery offers a choice of two compute pricing models for running queries:
On-demand pricing (per TiB). With this pricing model, you are charged for the number of bytes processed by each query. The first 1 TiB of query data processed per month is free.
Capacity pricing (per slot-hour). With this pricing model, you are charged for compute capacity used to run queries, measured in slots (virtual CPUs) over time. This model takes advantage of BigQuery editions. You can use the BigQuery autoscaler or purchase slot commitments, which are dedicated capacity that is always available for your workloads, at a lower price.
For more information about which pricing to choose for your workloads, see Workload management using Reservations.
On-demand compute pricing
By default, queries are billed using the on-demand (per TiB) pricing model, where you pay for the data scanned by your queries.
With on-demand pricing, you will generally have access to up to 2,000 concurrent slots, shared among all queries in a single project. Periodically, BigQuery will temporarily burst beyond this limit to accelerate smaller queries. In addition, you might occasionally have fewer slots available if there is a high amount of contention for on-demand capacity in a specific location.
On-demand (per TiB) query pricing is as follows:
If you pay in a currency other than USD, the prices listed in your currency on Cloud Platform SKUs apply.
Pricing details
Note the following regarding on-demand (per TiB) query charges:
- BigQuery uses a columnar data structure. You're charged according to the total data processed in the columns you select, and the total data per column is calculated based on the types of data in the column. For more information about how your data size is calculated, see Estimate query costs.
- You are charged for queries run against shared data. The data owner is not charged when their data is accessed.
- You aren't charged for queries that return an error or for queries that retrieve results from the cache. For procedural language jobs this consideration is provided at a per-statement level.
- Charges are rounded up to the nearest MB, with a minimum 10 MB data processed per table referenced by the query, and with a minimum 10 MB data processed per query.
- Canceling a running query job might incur charges up to the full cost for the query if you let the query run to completion.
- When you run a query, you're charged according to the data processed in the
columns you select, even if you set an explicit
LIMIT
on the results. - Partitioning and clustering your tables can help reduce the amount of data processed by queries. As a best practice, use partitioning and clustering whenever possible.
- On-demand (per TiB) pricing is referred to as analysis pricing on the Google Cloud SKUs page.
- When you run a query against a clustered table, and the query includes a filter on the clustered columns, BigQuery uses the filter expression to prune the blocks scanned by the query. This can reduce the number of scanned bytes.
BigQuery provides cost control mechanisms that enable you to cap your query costs. You can set:
- User-level and project-level custom cost controls
- The maximum bytes billed by a query
For detailed examples of how to calculate the number of bytes processed, see Query size calculation.
Capacity compute pricing
BigQuery offers a capacity-based analysis pricing model for customers who prefer a predictable cost for queries rather than paying the on-demand price per TiB of data processed.
To enable capacity pricing, use BigQuery Reservations.
BigQuery editions
BigQuery editions offer pay as you go pricing (with autoscaling) and optional one year and three year commitments. With editions, you consume query processing capacity, measured in slots, rather than being billed for bytes processed.
BigQuery editions slot capacity:
- is available in 3 editions: Standard, Enterprise, and Enterprise Plus.
- applies to query costs, including BigQuery ML, DML, and DDL statements.
- does not apply to storage costs or BI Engine costs.
- does not apply to streaming inserts and using the BigQuery Storage API.
- can leverage the BigQuery autoscaler.
- is billed per second with a one minute minimum
Optional BigQuery editions slot commitments:
- are available for one or three year periods.
- are available in Enterprise and Enterprise Plus editions.
- are regional capacity. Commitments in one region or multi-region cannot be used in another region or multi-region and cannot be moved.
- can be shared across your entire organization. There is no need to buy slot commitments for every project.
- are offered with a 100-slot minimum and increments of 100 slots.
- are automatically renewed unless set to cancel at the end of the period.
Standard Edition
The following table shows the cost of slots in Standard edition.
Enterprise Edition
The following table shows the cost of slots in Enterprise edition.
Enterprise Plus Edition
The following table shows the cost of slots in Enterprise plus edition.
If you pay in a currency other than USD, the prices listed in your currency on Cloud Platform SKUs apply.
Storage pricing
Storage pricing is the cost to store data that you load into BigQuery. You pay for active storage and long-term storage.
Active storage includes any table or table partition that has been modified in the last 90 days.
Long-term storage includes any table or table partition that has not been modified for 90 consecutive days. The price of storage for that table automatically drops by approximately 50%. There is no difference in performance, durability, or availability between active and long-term storage.
The first 10 GiB of storage per month is free.
If you pay in a currency other than USD, the prices listed in your currency on Cloud Platform SKUs apply.
See the physical storage documentation for eligibility criteria.
Pricing details
Storage pricing is based on the amount of data stored in your tables. The size of the data is calculated based on the data types of the individual columns. For a detailed explanation of how data size is calculated, see Data size calculation.
Storage pricing is prorated per MB, per second. For example, if you store:
- 100 MB for half a month, you pay $0.001 (a tenth of a cent)
- 500 GiB for half a month, you pay $5
- 1 TiB for a full month, you pay $20
Storage usage is calculated in gibibytes months (GiB months), where 1 GiB is 230 bytes (1,024 MiB). Similarly, 1 tebibyte (TiB) is 240 bytes (1,024 GiB). The final usage value is the product of data size in gibibytes and storage use time in months.
If a table is not edited for 90 consecutive days, it is billed at the long- term storage rate. There is no degradation of performance, durability, availability, or any other functionality when a table is considered long-term storage.
Each partition of a partitioned table is considered separately for long-term storage pricing. If a partition hasn't been modified in the last 90 days, the data in that partition is considered long term storage and is charged at the discounted price.
If the table is edited, the price reverts back to the regular storage pricing, and the 90-day timer starts counting from zero. Anything that modifies the data in a table resets the timer, including:
Action | Details |
---|---|
Loading data into a table | Any load or query job that appends data to a destination table or overwrites a destination table. |
Copying data into a table | Any copy job appends data to a destination table or overwrites a destination table. |
Writing query results to a table | Any query job that appends data to a destination table or overwrites a destination table. |
Using data manipulation language (DML) | Using a DML statement to modify table data. |
Using data definition language (DDL) | Using a
CREATE OR REPLACE TABLE statement to replace a table. |
Streaming data into the table | Ingesting data using the tabledata.insertAll API call. |
All other actions do not reset the timer, including the following:
- Querying a table
- Creating a view that queries a table
- Exporting data from a table
- Copying a table (to another destination table)
- Patching or updating a table resource
For tables that reach the 90-day threshold during a billing cycle, the price is prorated accordingly.
Long-term storage pricing applies only to BigQuery storage, not to data stored in external data sources such as Cloud Bigtable, Cloud Storage, and Google Drive.
Data size calculation
When you load data into BigQuery or query the data, you're charged according to the data size. Data size is calculated based on the size of each column's data type.
The size of your stored data and the size of the data processed by your queries is calculated in gibibytes (GiB), where 1 GiB is 230 bytes (1,024 MiB). Similarly, 1 tebibyte (TiB) is 240 bytes (1,024 GiB).
For more information, see Data type sizes.
Data Transfer Service pricing
The BigQuery Data Transfer Service charges monthly on a prorated basis. You are charged as follows:
Data source | Monthly charge (prorated) | Notes |
---|---|---|
Campaign Manager | No charge. BigQuery Quotas and limits apply. |
1 |
Cloud Storage | No charge. BigQuery Quotas and limits apply. |
1 |
Amazon S3 | No charge. BigQuery Quotas and limits apply. |
1,2,3 |
Google Ads | No charge. BigQuery Quotas and limits apply. |
1 |
Google Ad Manager | No charge. BigQuery Quotas and limits apply. |
1 |
Google Merchant Center | No charge. BigQuery Quotas and limits apply. |
1 |
Google Play | $25 per unique Package Name in the |
1 |
Search Ads 360 | No charge. BigQuery Quotas and limits apply. |
1 |
YouTube Channel | No charge. BigQuery Quotas and limits apply. |
1 |
YouTube Content Owner | No charge. BigQuery Quotas and limits apply. |
1 |
Data warehouse | Monthly charge (prorated) | Notes |
Teradata | No charge. BigQuery Quotas and limits apply. |
1, 2, 3, 4 |
Amazon Redshift | No charge. BigQuery Quotas and limits apply. |
1, 2, 3 |
Third-party Connectors | Costs apply | See 5 for more details |
Notes on transfer pricing
All transfers
1. After data is transferred to BigQuery, standard BigQuery storage, and query.
Migrations from other platforms
2. Extraction, uploading to a Cloud Storage bucket, and loading data into BigQuery is free.
3. Costs can be incurred outside of Google Cloud by using the BigQuery Data Transfer Service, such as AWS or Azure data transfer charges.
Teradata migrations
4. Data is not automatically deleted from your Cloud Storage bucket after it is uploaded to BigQuery. Consider deleting the data from your Cloud Storage bucket to avoid additional storage costs. See Cloud Storage pricing.
Third-party Connectors
5. Costs apply for connectors provided by third-party partners. The pricing model differs for different partners and connectors. For more pricing details, refer to individual connectors when enrolling in Marketplace.
Calculating unique IDs
Each transfer you create generates 1 or more runs per day. Each run maintains a record of each unique ID encountered and the date the transfer run completes. IDs are only counted on the day the transfer completes. For example, if a transfer run begins on July 14th but completes on July 15th, the unique IDs are counted on July 15th.
If a unique ID is encountered in more than one transfer run on a particular day, it is counted only once. Unique IDs are counted separately for different transfers. If a unique ID is encountered in runs for two separate transfers, the ID is counted twice.
Calculating backfill charges
If you schedule a backfill, a transfer run is scheduled for each day. You are then charged based on the method described in Calculating unique IDs.
Stopping BigQuery charges
To stop incurring charges, disable or delete your transfer.
BigQuery Data Transfer Service pricing examples
Example 1: You have 1 transfer with 3 runs that complete on the same day.
- The first run records the following unique IDs: A, B, and C
- The second run records: A
- The third run records: C and D
Because all runs finish on the same day, you are charged based on 4 unique IDs: A, B, C, D. Because ID A and ID C were recorded in two different runs that completed on the same day, IDs A and C are counted only once. If the 3 transfer runs complete every day for a month, your monthly charge is based on 4 unique IDs. If the transfer runs complete fewer times than the number of days in the month in which they run, the charges are prorated.
Example 2: You have multiple transfers with runs that complete on the same day.
- Transfer 1 runs and records the following unique IDs: A, B, and C
- Transfer 2 runs and records: A
- Transfer 3 runs and records: C and D
Because the unique IDs are counted in runs for different transfers, you are charged based on 6 unique IDs: A, B, and C from transfer 1's run; A from transfer 2's run; and C and D from transfer 3's run. If the transfer runs complete fewer times than the number of days in the month in which they run, the charges are prorated.
BigQuery Omni pricing
BigQuery Omni offers the following pricing models depending on your workloads and needs.
On-Demand compute pricing
Similar to BigQuery on-demand analysis model, BigQuery Omni queries, by default are billed using the on-demand (per TiB) pricing model, where you pay for the data scanned by your queries.
With on-demand pricing, you will generally have access to a large pool of concurrent slots, shared among all queries in a single project. Periodically, BigQuery Omni will temporarily burst beyond this limit to accelerate smaller queries. In addition, you might occasionally have fewer slots available if there is a high amount of contention for on-demand capacity in a specific location.
BigQuery Omni on-demand (per TiB) query pricing is as follows:
Region | Price per TiB |
---|---|
AWS North Virginia (aws-us-east-1) | $7.82 |
Azure North Virginia (azure-eastus2) | $9.13 |
AWS Seoul (aws-ap-northeast-2) | $10.00 |
AWS Oregon (aws-us-west-2) | $7.82 |
AWS Ireland (aws-eu-west-1) | $8.60 |
If you pay in a currency other than USD, the prices listed in your currency on Cloud Platform SKUs apply.
Pricing details
The details and limitations are similar to BigQuery analysis pricing. Note the following regarding on-demand (per TiB) query charges:
- BigQuery uses a columnar data structure. You're charged according to the total data processed in the columns you select, and the total data per column is calculated based on the types of data in the column. For more information about how your data size is calculated, see Data size calculation.
- You aren't charged for queries that return an error or for queries that retrieve results from the cache. For procedural language jobs this consideration is provided at a per-statement level.
- Charges are rounded up to the nearest MB, with a minimum 10 MB data processed per table referenced by the query, and with a minimum 10 MB data processed per query.
- Canceling a running query job might incur charges up to the full cost for the query if you let the query run to completion.
- When you run a query, you're charged according to the data processed in the columns you select, even if you set an explicit LIMIT on the results.
- Partitioning and clustering your tables can help reduce the amount of data processed by queries. As a best practice, use partitioning and clustering whenever possible.
- On-demand (per TiB) pricing is referred to as analysis pricing on the Google Cloud SKUs page.
- When you run a query against a clustered table, and the query includes a filter on the clustered columns, BigQuery uses the filter expression to prune the blocks scanned by the query. This can reduce the number of scanned bytes.
BigQuery provides cost control mechanisms that enable you to cap your query costs. You can set:
- User-level and project-level custom cost controls.
- The maximum bytes billed by a query
BigQuery Omni with editions
BigQuery Omni regions support BigQuery editions. At present only Enterprise Edition is supported in Omni regions
The following table shows the cost of slots in Omni regions
AWS North Virginia (aws-us-east-1)
Commitment model | Hourly cost | Number of slots |
---|---|---|
PAYG (no commitment) | $7.50 (billed per second with a 1 minute minimum) | 100 |
1 yr commit | $6 (billed for 1 year) | 100 |
3 yr commit | $4.50 (billed for 3 years) | 100 |
Azure North Virginia (azure-eastus2)
Commitment model | Hourly cost | Number of slots |
---|---|---|
PAYG (no commitment) | $8.80 (billed per second with a 1 minute minimum) | 100 |
1 yr commit | $7 (billed for 1 year) | 100 |
3 yr commit | $5.30 (billed for 3 years) | 100 |
AWS Seoul (aws-ap-northeast-2)
Commitment model | Hourly cost | Number of slots |
---|---|---|
PAYG (no commitment) | $9.60 (billed per second with a 1 minute minimum) | 100 |
1 yr commit | $7.7 (billed for 1 year) | 100 |
3 yr commit | $5.80 (billed for 3 years) | 100 |
AWS Oregon (aws-us-west-2)
Commitment model | Hourly cost | Number of slots |
---|---|---|
PAYG (no commitment) | $7.50 (billed per second with a 1 minute minimum) | 100 |
1 yr commit | $6.00 (billed for 1 year) | 100 |
3 yr commit | $4.50 (billed for 3 years) | 100 |
AWS Ireland (aws-eu-west-1)
Commitment model | Hourly cost | Number of slots |
---|---|---|
PAYG (no commitment) | $8.25 (billed per second with a 1 minute minimum) | 100 |
1 yr commit | $6.60 (billed for 1 year) | 100 |
3 yr commit | $4.95 (billed for 3 years) | 100 |
Omni Cross Cloud Data Transfer
When using Omni’s Cross Cloud capabilities (Cross Cloud Transfer, Create Table as Select, Cross Cloud Materialized Views) that involve data moving from AWS or Azure to Google Cloud, there will be additional charges for data transfer.
Specifically for Cross-Cloud Materialized Views there will be no charges during Preview. Starting 28 February 2023, this service will be generally available and you will be charged for data transfer. You will be charged for data transfer only when using any of the above listed services from an AWS or Azure region to a Google Cloud BigQuery region. You will be charged on a per GB rate based on the amount of data transferred from AWS or Azure to Google Cloud.
Link to SKU Spreadsheet: CCMV Billing SKUs
SKU | Billing model | Meter | List price |
---|---|---|---|
Cross-cloud data transfer from AWS North Virginia (aws-us-east-1) to Google Cloud | usage-based | GB transferred | $.09 |
Cross-cloud data transfer from Azure North Virginia (azure-eastus2) to Google Cloud | usage-based | GB transferred | $.0875 |
Cross-cloud data transfer from AWS Seoul (aws-ap-northeast-2) to Google Cloud | usage-based | GB transferred | $.126 |
Cross-cloud data transfer from AWS Oregon (aws-us-west-2) to Google Cloud | usage-based | GB transferred | $.09 |
Cross-cloud data transfer from AWS Ireland (aws-eu-west-1) to Google Cloud | usage-based | GB transferred | $.09 |
Omni Managed Storage
When using Omni’s Cross Cloud Materialized Views capability, you will also be charged for creation of local materialized views which is on BigQuery Managed Storage on AWS. You will be charged a per GB for the amount of physical storage that is used for the local materialized view.
Operation | Pricing |
---|---|
Active physical storage (aws-us-east-1) | $0.05 per GiB per month |
Long-term physical storage (aws-us-east-1) | $0.025 per GiB per month |
Active physical storage (azure-eastus2) | $0.05 per GiB per month |
Long-term physical storage (azure-eastus2) | $0.025 per GiB per month |
Active physical storage (aws-ap-northeast-2) | $0.052 per GiB per month |
Long-term physical storage (aws-ap-northeast-2) | $0.026 per GiB per month |
Active physical storage (aws-us-west-2) | $0.04 per GiB per month |
Long-term physical storage (aws-us-west-2) | $0.02 per GiB per month |
Active physical storage (aws-eu-west-1) | $0.044 per GiB per month |
Long-term physical storage (aws-eu-west-1) | $0.022 per GiB per month |
Data ingestion pricing
BigQuery offers two modes of data ingestion:
Batch loading. Load source files into one or more BigQuery tables in a single batch operation.
Streaming. Stream data one record at a time or in small batches using the BigQuery Storage Write API or the legacy streaming API.
For more information about which mode to choose, see Introduction to loading data.
If you pay in a currency other than USD, the prices listed in your currency on Cloud Platform SKUs apply.
Pricing details
By default, you are not charged for batch loading data from Cloud Storage or from local files into BigQuery. Load jobs by default use a shared pool of slots. BigQuery does not make guarantees about the available capacity of this shared pool or the throughput you will see. Alternatively, you can purchase dedicated slots to run load jobs. You are charged capacity-based pricing for dedicated slots. When load jobs are assigned to a reservation, they lose access to the free pool. For more information, see Assignments.
Once your data is loaded into BigQuery, it is subject to BigQuery storage pricing. If you load data from Cloud Storage, you are charged for storing the data in Cloud Storage. For details, see Data storage on the Cloud Storage pricing page.
Data extraction pricing
BigQuery offers the following modes of data extraction:
Batch export. Use an an extract job to export table data to Cloud Storage. There is no processing charge for exporting data from a BigQuery table using an extract job.
Export query results. Use the
EXPORT DATA
statement to export query results to Cloud Storage or Cloud Bigtable. You are billed for processing the query statement using the on-demand or capacity based model.Streaming reads. Use the Storage Read API to perform high-throughput reads of table data. You are billed for the amount of data read.
If you pay in a currency other than USD, the prices listed in your currency on Cloud Platform SKUs apply.
Batch export data transfer pricing
You are charged for data transfer when you export data in batch from BigQuery to a Cloud Storage bucket in another region, as follows:
Case | Example | Rate |
---|---|---|
Export within the same location | From us-east1 to us-east1 | Free |
Export from BigQuery US multi-region | From US multi-region to us-central1 (Iowa) | Free |
Export from BigQuery US multi-region | From US multi-region to any region (except us-central1 (Iowa)) | See following table |
Export from BigQuery EU multi-region | From EU multi-region to europe-west4 (Netherlands) | Free |
Export from BigQuery EU multi-region | From EU multi-region to any region (except europe-west4 (Netherlands)) | See following table |
Export across locations | From us-east1 to us-central1 | See following table |
Source location | Destination location | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Northern America | Europe | Asia | Indonesia | Oceania | Middle East | Latin America | Africa | |
Northern America | $0.02/GiB | $0.05/GiB | $0.08/GiB | $0.10/GiB | $0.10/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.11/GiB |
Europe | $0.05/GiB | $0.02/GiB | $0.08/GiB | $0.10/GiB | $0.10/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.11/GiB |
Asia | $0.08/GiB | $0.08/GiB | $0.08/GiB | $0.10/GiB | $0.10/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.11/GiB |
Indonesia | $0.10/GiB | $0.10/GiB | $0.10/GiB | $0.08/GiB | $0.08/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.14/GiB |
Oceania | $0.10/GiB | $0.10/GiB | $0.10/GiB | $0.08/GiB | $0.08/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.14/GiB |
Middle East | $0.11/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.08/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.11/GiB |
Latin America | $0.14/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.14/GiB |
Africa | $0.11/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.11/GiB |
Storage Read API data transfer within Google Cloud
Case | Examples | Rate |
---|---|---|
Accessing cached query results from temporary tables |
|
Free |
Data reads within the same location |
|
Free |
Data read from a BigQuery multi-region to a different BigQuery location, and both locations are on the same continent. |
|
Free |
Data read between different locations on the same continent (assuming none of the above free cases apply) |
|
$0.01/GiB* |
Data moves between different continents within Google cloud and neither is Australia. |
|
$0.08 per GiB |
Data moves between different continents within Google cloud and one is Australia. |
|
$0.15 per GiB |
If you pay in a currency other than USD, the prices listed in your currency on Cloud Platform SKUs apply.
Storage Read API general network usage
Monthly Usage |
Data Transfer to Worldwide Destinations
(excluding Asia & Australia) (per GiB) |
Data Transfer to Asia Destinations
(excluding China, but including Hong Kong) (per GiB) |
Data Transfer to China Destinations (excluding Hong Kong) (per GiB) |
Data Transfer to Australia Destinations (per GiB) |
Data Transfer in |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0-1 TiB | $0.12 | $0.12 | $0.19 | $0.19 | Free |
1-10 TiB | $0.11 | $0.11 | $0.18 | $0.18 | Free |
10+ TiB | $0.08 | $0.08 | $0.15 | $0.15 | Free |
If you pay in a currency other than USD, the prices listed in your currency on Cloud Platform SKUs apply.
Storage Read API pricing details
The Storage Read API has an on-demand price model. With on-demand pricing, BigQuery charges for the number of bytes processed (also referred to as bytes read). On-demand pricing is solely based on usage, with a bytes read free tier of 300 TiB per month for each billing account. Bytes scanned as part of reads from temporary tables are free and do not count against the 300TiB free tier. This free bytes read 300 TiB is on the bytes-read component, and does not apply to associated outbound data transfer.
Note the following regarding Storage Read API charges:
- You are charged according to the total amount of data read. The total data read per column is calculated based on the type of data in the column, and the size of the data is calculated based on the column's data type. For a detailed explanation of how data size is calculated, see Data size calculation.
- You are charged for any data read in a read session even if a
ReadRows
call fails. - If you cancel a
ReadRows
call before the end of the stream is reached, you are charged for any data read before the cancellation. Your charges can include data that was read but not returned to you before the cancellation of theReadRows
call. - As a best practice, use partitioned and clustered tables whenever possible.
You can reduce the amount of data read by using a
WHERE
clause to prune partitions. For more information, see Querying partitioned tables. - When using Interconnect, Cloud Interconnect pricing applies instead of BigQuery Storage Read API General Network Usage prices.
Data replication pricing
BigQuery offers two modes of replicating (copying) data between regions:
Cross-region copy. One time or scheduled copy of table data to between regions or multi-regions, see copy datasets or copy tables.
Cross-region replication. Ongoing, incremental replication of a dataset between two or more different regions or multi-regions, see cross-region dataset replication.
Storage for replicated data
Replicated data stored in the destination region or multi-region is charged according to BigQuery storage pricing.
Data replication data transfer pricing
You are charged for data transfer for the volume of data replicated. The use cases and breakdown of data transfer charges are provided as follows:
Case | Example | Rate |
---|---|---|
Replicate within the same location | From us-east1 to us-east1 | Free |
Replicate from BigQuery US multi-region | From US multi-region to us-central1 (Iowa) | Free |
Replicate from BigQuery US multi-region | From US multi-region to any region (except us-central1 (Iowa)) | See following table |
Replicate from BigQuery EU multi-region | From EU multi-region to europe-west4 (Netherlands) | Free |
Replicate from BigQuery EU multi-region | From EU multi-region to any region (except europe-west4 (Netherlands)) | See following table |
Replicate across locations | From us-east1 to us-central1 | See following table |
Source location | Destination location | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Northern America | Europe | Asia | Indonesia | Oceania | Middle East | Latin America | Africa | |
Northern America | $0.02/GiB | $0.05/GiB | $0.08/GiB | $0.10/GiB | $0.10/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.11/GiB |
Europe | $0.05/GiB | $0.02/GiB | $0.08/GiB | $0.10/GiB | $0.10/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.11/GiB |
Asia | $0.08/GiB | $0.08/GiB | $0.08/GiB | $0.10/GiB | $0.10/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.11/GiB |
Indonesia | $0.10/GiB | $0.10/GiB | $0.10/GiB | $0.08/GiB | $0.08/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.14/GiB |
Oceania | $0.10/GiB | $0.10/GiB | $0.10/GiB | $0.08/GiB | $0.08/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.14/GiB |
Middle East | $0.11/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.08/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.11/GiB |
Latin America | $0.14/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.14/GiB |
Africa | $0.11/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.11/GiB | $0.14/GiB | $0.11/GiB |
External Services
BigQuery can leverage external services to help with data analytics workflows. For some of these services external to BigQuery, you will still be charged with BigQuery SKUs:
BigQuery Studio Notebooks
BigQuery Studio Notebooks rely on a default notebook runtime that uses Colab Enterprise runtime to allow notebook code execution. Usage of these services are billed as pay-as-you go slots and GB/s usage for SSD.
The default notebook runtime is a Google-provisioned virtual machine (VM) that can run the code in your notebook (IPYNB file). This allows BigQuery customers to execute python script and is not charged after idle time.
*The Pay as you go slots, will be metered in the edition that is being used at the project level.
The default notebook SSD is allocated in the background to help users install new data science packages and maintain their work beyond the Python code they execute. Once the SSD is released, you will not see charges.
BigQuery Studio notebook pricing details:
- Default runtime configuration may change to improve usability. Details can be found here.
- Colab Enterprise runtimes shut down after 180 minutes of inactivity by default. This page describes the idle shutdown feature and how to change the default idle shutdown settings or turn the feature off when you create a runtime template.
BigQuery ML pricing
BigQuery ML models can be classified into two different categories: built-in models and external models. BigQuery ML built-in models are trained within BigQuery, such as linear regression, logistic regression, means, matrix factorization, PCA and time series models (e.g., ARIMA_PLUS). BigQuery ML external models are trained utilizing other Google Cloud services, DNN, boosted tree and random forest (which are trained on Vertex AI) and AutoML models (which are trained on the Vertex AI Tables backend). BigQuery ML model training pricing is based on the model type as well as your usage pattern: editions or on-demand. BigQuery ML prediction and evaluation functions are executed within BigQuery ML for all model types, priced as explained below.
BigQuery ML editions pricing
BigQuery ML is available in Enterprise and Enterprise Plus Editions for customers who prefer a compute capacity (number of slots) based pricing model over the on-demand (number of bytes processed) model. Customers can use Enterprise or Enterprise Plus reservations to use all features of BigQuery ML. BigQuery ML usage will be included in the BigQuery Editions usage.
Reservations to create built-in models
BigQuery has three job types for reservation assignment: QUERY
,
PIPELINE
, and ML_EXTERNAL
. QUERY
assignments, which are used for
analytical queries, are also used to run CREATE MODEL
queries for
BigQuery ML built-in models. Built-in model training and analytical
queries share the same pool of resources in their assigned reservations, and
have the same behavior regarding being preemptible, and using idle slots from
other reservations.
Reservations to create external models
Because external models are trained outside of BigQuery, these
workloads are not preemptible. As a result, to ensure other workloads are not
impacted, only reservations with ML_EXTERNAL
job type assignment can be used
for these external jobs. Reservations workload
management
describes how to create reservations for external model training jobs. The slots
usage per job is calculated to maintain the price parity between
BigQuery slots and external Google Cloud service costs.
BigQuery ML on-demand pricing
BigQuery ML pricing for on-demand queries depends on the type of operation: model type, model creation, model evaluation, model inspection, or model prediction.
BigQuery ML on-demand pricing is as follows:
1 The CREATE MODEL
statement stops at 50 iterations
for iterative models. This applies to both on-demand and editions pricing.
2 For time series models, when auto-arima is enabled for
automatic hyper-parameter tuning, multiple candidate models are fitted and
evaluated during the training phase. In this case, the number of bytes
processed by the input SELECT
statement is multiplied by the
number of candidate models, which can be controlled by the
AUTO_ARIMA_MAX_ORDER
training option for ARIMA_PLUS
or the AUTO_ARIMA_MAX_ORDER
training option for ARIMA_PLUS_XREG
. This applies to both on-demand and editions pricing.
The following notes apply to time series model creation:
For single time series forecasting with auto-arima enabled, when
AUTO_ARIMA_MAX_ORDER
is (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), the number of candidate models is (6, 12, 20, 30, 42) respectively if non-seasonal d equals one; otherwise, the number of candidate models is (3, 6, 10, 15, 21).For multiple time series forecasting using
TIME_SERIES_ID_COL
, the charge is for (6, 12, 20, 30, 42) candidate models whenAUTO_ARIMA_MAX_ORDER
is (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) respectively.Note that this model selection only applies to model creation. For model evaluation, inspection, and prediction, only the selected model is used, with regular query pricing.
3 See BigQuery ML Remote Model Inference for details.
BigQuery ML remote model inference (Preview)
BigQuery ML lets customers create a remote model whose endpoint is either a Vertex AI online prediction endpoint or that points to Cloud AI APIs like Cloud AI Vision API.
The pricing for BigQuery ML remote model inference has the following parts:
- The bytes processed by BigQuery are billed according to standard pricing such as on-demand or editions pricing.
- In addition, costs are incurred for the remote endpoint as follows:
Remote Model types Inference functions Pricing Vertex AI endpoints ML.PREDICT https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/pricing Cloud AI Vision ML.ANNOTATE_IMAGE https://cloud.google.com/vision/pricing Cloud AI Translate ML.TRANSLATE https://cloud.google.com/translate/pricing Cloud AI NLP ML.UNDERSTAND_TEXT https://cloud.google.com/natural-language/pricing Vertex AI LLM ML.GENERATE_TEXT https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/pricing#generative_ai_models
For remote endpoint model pricing, there will be a separate bill from the above services. You may use the billing label billing_service = 'bigquery_ml' and the billing label bigquery_job_id to filter the exact charges.
BigQuery ML dry run
Due to the nature of the underlying algorithms of some model types and differences in billing, the bytes processed will not be calculated for some model types until after training is completed due to the complexity of calculating the initial estimate.
BigQuery ML pricing example
BigQuery ML charges are not itemized separately on your billing statement. For current models, if you have BigQuery Editions, BigQuery ML charges are included.
If you are using on-demand pricing, BigQuery ML charges are included in the BigQuery analysis (query) charges.
BigQuery ML jobs that perform inspection, evaluation, and prediction
operations incur the same charges as on-demand query jobs. Because CREATE MODEL
queries incur different charges, you must calculate CREATE MODEL
job costs
independently by using the Cloud logging audit logs. Using the audit logs, you can
determine the bytes billed by the BigQuery ML service for each
BigQuery ML CREATE MODEL
job. Then, multiply the bytes billed by the
appropriate cost for CREATE MODEL
queries in your regional or multi-regional
location.
For example, to determine the cost of a query job in the US
that includes a
BigQuery ML CREATE MODEL
statement:
Open the Cloud Logging page in the Google Cloud console.
Verify that the product is set to BigQuery.
Click the drop-down arrow in the "Filter by label or text search" box and choose Convert to advanced filter. This adds the following text to the filter:
resource.type="bigquery_resource"
Add the following text on line two below the
resource.type
line:protoPayload.serviceData.jobCompletedEvent.job.jobConfiguration.query.statementType="CREATE_MODEL"
To the right of the Submit Filter button, choose the appropriate time frame from the drop-down list. For example, choosing Last 24 hours would display BigQuery ML
CREATE MODEL
jobs completed in the past 24 hours.Click Submit Filter to display the jobs completed in the given time window.
After the data is populated, click View Options and choose Modify custom fields.
In the Add custom fields dialog, enter:
protoPayload.serviceData.jobCompletedEvent.job.jobStatistics.totalBilledBytes
Click Save to update the results.
After the page is updated, the bytes billed by each BigQuery ML job appear to the right of the job's timestamp. If the bytes billed are included in the free tier, no value appears.
To calculate the charges for the BigQuery ML
CREATE MODEL
job, multiply the bytes billed by the BigQuery ML on-demand price. In this example, theCREATE MODEL
job processed 100873011200 bytes. To calculate the cost of this job in theUS
multi-regional location, divide the billed bytes by the number of bytes per TiB, and multiply it by the model creation cost:100873011200/1099511627776 x $250.00 = $22.94
BI Engine pricing
BI Engine accelerates SQL queries by caching BigQuery data in memory. The amount of data stored is constrained by the amount of capacity you purchase. To purchase BI Engine capacity, create a BI Engine reservation in the project where queries will be run.
When BI Engine accelerates a query, the query stage that reads table data is free. Subsequent stages depend on the type of BigQuery pricing you're using:
For on-demand pricing, stages that use BI Engine are charged for 0 scanned bytes. Subsequent stages will not incur additional on-demand charges.
For editions pricing, the first stage consumes no BigQuery reservation slots. Subsequent stages use slots from the BigQuery reservation.
BI Engine pricing is as follows:
Editions commitment bundle
When you are using BigQuery capacity compute pricing with BigQuery editions commitments, you are eligible to receive a limited amount of BI Engine capacity as part of your editions price, at no extra cost, as shown in the following chart. To receive BI Engine capacity at no additional cost, follow the instructions to reserve capacity in a project within the same organization as your editions reservation. To ensure a particular project’s BI Engine reservation is discounted toward this bundled capacity, there should be some slots assigned to the project. BI Engine reservation in an 'on-demand analysis' project will not be counted towards the free capacity. Free capacity is shown in your Billing Reports as a normal cost, but it is discounted as a "Spending-Based Discount".
Number of slots purchased | No-cost, additional BI Engine capacity (GiB) |
---|---|
100 | 5 |
500 | 25 |
1000 | 50 |
1500 | 75 |
2000 | 100 (maximum per organization) |
Free operations
The following BigQuery operations are free of charge in every location. Quotas and limits apply to these operations.
Operation | Details |
---|---|
Load data | Free using the shared slot pool. Customers can choose editions pricing for guaranteed capacity. Once the data is loaded into BigQuery, you are charged for storage. For details, see Data ingestion editions pricing. |
Copy data | You are not charged for copying a table, but you do incur charges Data ingestion editions pricing or storing the new table and the table you copied. For more information, see Copying an existing table. |
Export data | Free using the shared slot pool, but you do incur charges for storing the data in Cloud Storage. Customers can choose editions pricing for guaranteed capacity. When you use the EXPORT DATA SQL statement, you are charged for query processing. For details, see Exporting data. |
Delete operations | You are not charged for deleting datasets or tables, deleting individual table partitions, deleting views, or deleting user-defined functions |
Metadata operations | You are not charged for list, get, patch, update and delete calls. Examples include (but are not limited to): listing datasets, updating a dataset's access control list, updating a table's description, or listing user-defined functions in a dataset. |
Free usage tier
As part of the Google Cloud Free Tier, BigQuery offers some resources free of charge up to a specific limit. These free usage limits are available during and after the free trial period. If you go over these usage limits and are no longer in the free trial period, you will be charged according to the pricing on this page. You can try BigQuery's free tier in the BigQuery sandbox without a credit card.
Resource | Monthly free usage limits | Details |
---|---|---|
Storage | The first 10 GiB per month is free. | BigQuery ML models and training data stored in BigQuery are included in the BigQuery storage free tier. |
Queries (analysis) | The first 1 TiB of query data processed per month is free. | Queries that use BigQuery ML prediction, inspection, and
evaluation functions are included in the BigQuery analysis free
tier. BigQuery ML queries that contain BigQuery Editions pricing is also available for high-volume customers that prefer a stable, monthly cost. |
BigQuery ML CREATE MODEL queries |
The first 10 GiB of data processed by queries that contain
CREATE MODEL statements per month is free. |
BigQuery ML CREATE MODEL queries are independent
of the BigQuery analysis free tier, and only apply to
BigQuery ML built-in models (models that are trained within
BigQuery). |
BI Engine | Up to 1 GiB of free capacity for Looker Studio users. | This free capacity is available to all Looker Studio users, without needing a reservation. |
Flat-rate pricing
Flat-rate compute pricing
When you use the flat-rate compute pricing model, you purchase dedicated query processing capacity, measured in BigQuery slots. Your queries consume this capacity, and you are not billed for bytes processed. If your capacity demands exceed your committed capacity, BigQuery will queue up queries, and you will not be charged additional fees.
Flat-rate compute pricing:
- Applies to query costs, including BigQuery ML, DML, and DDL statements.
- Does not apply to storage costs or BI Engine costs.
- Does not apply to streaming inserts and using the BigQuery Storage API.
- Is purchased as a regional resource. Slot commitments purchased in one region or multi-region cannot be used in another region or multi-region and cannot be moved.
- Is available in per-second (flex), monthly, and annual commitments.
- Can be shared across your entire organization. There is no need to buy slot commitments for every project.
- Has a 100-slot minimum and is purchased in increments of 100 slots.
- Is billed per second until you cancel the commitment, which can be done at any time after the commitment end date.
Monthly flat-rate commitments
The following table shows the cost of your monthly flat-rate slot commitment. For more information, see Monthly commitments.
If you pay in a currency other than USD, the prices listed in your currency on Cloud Platform SKUs apply.
Annual flat-rate commitments
The following table shows the cost of your annual flate-rate slot commitment. For more information, see Annual commitments.
If you pay in a currency other than USD, the prices listed in your currency on Cloud Platform SKUs apply.
Flex slots: short-term flat-rate commitments
Flex slots are a special commitment type:
- Commitment duration is only 60 seconds.
- You can cancel flex slots any time thereafter.
- You are charged only for the seconds your commitment was deployed.
Flex slots are subject to capacity availability. When you attempt to purchase flex slots, success of this purchase is not guaranteed. However, once your commitment purchase is successful, your capacity is guaranteed until you cancel it. For more information, see flex slots.
The following table shows the cost of your Flex slot commitment.
BigQuery Omni flat-rate pricing
BigQuery Omni offers flat-rate pricing which provides a predictable cost for queries. To enable flat-rate pricing, use BigQuery Reservations.
When you enroll in flat-rate pricing for BigQuery Omni, you purchase dedicated query processing capacity, measured in slots, on Amazon Web Services or Microsoft Azure. Your queries consume this capacity, and you are not billed for bytes processed.
BigQuery Omni flat-rate pricing:
- Applies to query costs. Does not apply to storage costs.
- Slot commitments are purchased for a single multi-cloud region. Slots purchased in one region cannot be used in another region.
- Is available in monthly, and annual commitments. Is billed per second until you cancel the commitment, which can be done at any time after the commitment end date.
- Can be shared across your entire organization. There is no need to buy slot commitments for every project.
- Has a 100-slot minimum and is purchased in increments of 100 slots.
Monthly flat-rate commitments
The following table shows the cost of your monthly slot commitment. For more information, see Monthly commitments.
Annual flat-rate commitments
The following table shows the cost of your annual slot commitment. For more information, see Annual commitments.
Flex slots: short-term commitments
Flex slots are a special commitment type:
- Commitment duration is only 60 seconds.
- You can cancel flex slots any time thereafter.
- You are charged only for the seconds your commitment was deployed.
Flex slots on BigQuery Omni are subject to capacity availability on AWS or Azure. When you attempt to purchase flex slots, success of this purchase is not guaranteed. However, once your commitment purchase is successful, your capacity is guaranteed until you cancel it. For more information, see flex slots.
The following table shows the cost of your Flex slot commitment.
BI Engine flat-rate commitment bundle
When you are using BigQuery flat-rate slot commitments, you are eligible to receive a limited amount of BI Engine capacity as part of your flat-rate price, at no extra cost, as shown in the following chart. To receive BI Engine capacity at no additional cost, follow the instructions to reserve capacity in a project within the same organization as your flat-rate reservation. To ensure a particular project's BI Engine reservation is discounted toward this bundled capacity, there should be some slots assigned to the project. A BI Engine reservation in an on-demand compute project don't counted towards free capacity. Free capacity is shown in your billing reports as a normal cost, but it is discounted as a "Spending-Based Discount".
Number of slots purchased | No-cost, additional BI Engine capacity (GiB) |
---|---|
100 | 5 |
500 | 25 |
1000 | 50 |
1500 | 75 |
2000 | 100 (maximum per organization) |
What's next
For information on analyzing billing data using reports, see View your billing reports and cost trends.
For information on analyzing your billing data in BigQuery, see Export Cloud Billing data to BigQuery.
For information about estimating costs, see Estimating storage and query costs.
Read the BigQuery documentation.
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