Michael Froomkin

University of Miami School of Law, Rm. G-382
+1 (305) 284-4285
Snail mail E-mail Short bio Full c.v. SSRN page
Winner 2020 University of Miami Distinguished Faculty Scholar Award

Current Interests

Current Writing

• Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially as applied to health and other professions
• Privacy Theory
• RTBF, US-style
• Remote law teaching and the legal academy
• Constitutional issues relating to reforming the Senate
• Robot regulation and standardization
• Privacy and technology, including the Internet, big data, cryptography

Recent or Future Writing & Projects

• Surveillance
• Anonymity
• Regulation of Drones

Founding & Editing

• Jotwell: The Journal of Things We Like (Lots), Founder & Editor in Chief
• I started “We Robot”–a conference on legal and policy issues relating to robotics.
  • I was Program chair of the 2012 edition and We Robot 2014 both here at U.Miami.
  • We Robot 2013 was at Stanford University; and We Robot 2015 was at the University of Washington.
  • I was the Chair again for We Robot 2016 at the University of Miami.
  • We Robot 2017 was at Yale, We Robot 2018 at Stanford and We Robot 2020 was at the University of Ottawa.
  • I chaired again for We Robot 2019 at U.Miami and for the 10th Anniversary edition of We Robot held virtually Sept. 21-23, 2021.
    
  • We Robot 2022 returned to the University of Washington.
  • We Robot 2023 will be held in Boston Sept. 28-30,under the auspices of Boston University and MIT.
• ICANNWatch, Co-founding Editor
• I/S: A Journal of Law and Policy for the Information Society, Editorial Board
• Technology & Regulation Journal (Tilberg, Netherlands), Editorial Board
• Personal blog at Discourse.net

Fellow & Advisor

• University of Miami Institute for Data Science and Computing (formerly the Center for Computational Science), Member
• Yale Law School Information Society Project (Yale ISP), Non-Resident Fellow
• Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), Advisory Board
• Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC), Advisory Board
• Future of Privacy Forum, Advisory Board

Teaching

The University of Miami is not actually in Miami, but in nearby Coral Gables. Here is the City Beautiful’s homepage and a map of our neighborhood and a close-up. Visit our webcams and see our weather.

At present, I plan to do all my teaching virtually in the 2022-23 academic year. I regret losing someof the personal element that comes with in-person meetings, but my doctors have told me to be very careful, as due to recent medical troubles I’m currently immunocompromised.

Fall 2023

•  Administrative Law (4 credits) — ONLINE – Fully Synchronous – M/T/Th 11:00am-12:20pm
  

  Most laws that Congress passes require implementation. Very often implementation is via a federal agency. As a result, in the United States a multitude of governmental agencies exercise authority over the economy, and over the lives of every American. These agencies have the power to make legally binding rules (aka “regulations” or “red tape”), to issue valuable permits and licenses, to levy fines, and to adjudicate. Indeed, one agency, the Social Security Administration, adjudicates more cases every year than all the state and federal courts combined. This is a course about laws and rules that bind federal agencies, and thus about the extent to which federal agencies can make rules and decisions that bind us. It surveys the means by which people (and their lawyers) can challenge or influence administrative exercises of authority in the face of often broad or ambiguous delegations of authority from Congress, and in particular how and when agency decisions are subject to judicial review. Always lurking is the question of how we reconcile our dependence on an unelected, expert bureaucracy with our commitments to a government that is democratically accountable and legitimate.

  Administrative Law is vitally important for anyone contemplating a practice that might involve federal regulations in any way. It is particularly valuable for students who are considering a practice involving highly regulated areas such as: Communications, Disability, Energy, Environment, Family and Child Services, Financial Markets or Securities, Immigration, Labor, Housing, or Land Use, but it is also relevant to almost every other area of practice.

  Today, Administrative Law is undergoing a period of painful ferment as a series of Supreme Court decisions have upended decades of established doctrine. Changes are afoot as to how courts review agencies exercise of discretion, notably when it comes to statutory interpretation. More significantly, recent Supreme Court decisions threaten to upend the administrative state by greatly limiting the power Congress to give agencies broad remedial delegation, and also limiting the power of agencies to experiment or make new rules. Meanwhile, lower courts have been enjoining Biden Administration actions in ways unprecedented since at least the New Deal. Administrative Law is in turmoil — which makes it exciting, but also implicates fundamental questions about how we organize our government.

  Grading will be based on participation, and on an 8-hour take-home final exam.

  This course satisfies a requirement for Concentrations/Areas of Focus in Environmental Law and Social Justice & Public Interest

Spring 2024

• Jurisprudence (3 credits) — ONLINE – Fully Synchronous – Mon, Wed 2pm-3:20
  

  US law schools tend to offer one of two kinds of classes under the rubric “Jurisprudence”. One type, perhaps the more common, is either a history of the philosophy of law, or a thematic introduction to the philosophy of law. You can tell if you are in one of those classes because the first reading is likely to be Hammurabi’s code. This is the other sort of Jurisprudence class, Analytic Jurisprudence, a class in which we discuss the nature of law (and, occasionally, the law of nature). The course materials draw from legal philosophy, from domestic and international law, from social science, and from the news. I hope they will provide occasions for us to do at least three different things more or less simultaneously:

  1. We will explore some basic questions relating to the ways in which “laws” are formed and recognized, including

  • • What is a “law”?
    • Where do you find one?
    • How do you know one when you see it?
    • What do you do with a “law” once you have identified it?
    • Does “law” matter?

  2. We will make, discuss, and evaluate a variety of legal arguments. Ideally, by participating actively in class you will learn how to make better arguments and how to recognize a number of standard moves that reoccur in legal arguments.

  3. The choice and organization of the materials also encode an argument about one aspect of law: that the fundamental premises of public international law and domestic law are related. I hope you will form a view on this question by the end of the semester.

  As this course relies heavily on discussion, class participation is a significant part of the grade. In addition to regular participation (which can be in-class or, optionally, online in comments on the class blog), students may be asked to lead the occasional class discussion. There will also be an in-class, open book, open notes, no internet, final exam.

• AI Law (3 credits) Law 724A — ONLINE – Fully Synchronous – Tue, Thurs 11-12:20
  

  ˜Artificial Intelligence” (AI) includes a variety of technologies, notably GOT-chat,”machine learning” systems such as IBM’s Watson, which won a “Jeopardy” match, Google’s Ultra Go, which trounced a Go Master, and a plethora of systems designed to predict tumors, shopping habits, and even criminality. Robots increasingly feature varying degrees of autonomy, including systems like self-driving cars, military drones, and robo-surgeons. Behind many robots lies an embodied or even remotely connected AI, making the two new technologies intertwined.

  AI presents a number of ethical, social, and legal challenges that are inciting a wide variety of responses. Representative examples of problems include: Who is responsible for invidious discrimination by an AI? What should the liability (and ethical) rules be for accidents involving autonomous vehicles? Is existing malpractice law ready for AI doctors? Should AIs and/or Robots have “rights”, whether human rights, animal rights, or some sui generis set of rights? Should we permit AI-controlled robots to carry lethal weapons? The course will thus treat AI Law as a distinct subject,and also attempt to put it into the context of the law’s ongoing encounter with new technology.

  Most law courses seek to give you mastery of a relatively well-defined body of law. This course is different: it will seek to give you a taste of what it is like to work in areas with little or no clearly defined law (as such–the task then is to borrow or invent it), or new law, or where the law is in the process of being created and assembled–and where you could have a hand in making it, or interpreting it. Much like acrobatics without a net, this can be thrilling but it can also be scary. Crashes are always a possibility.

  Grading will be based on class participation which depending on class size may involve a presentation or two, a short (five page) reaction paper during the term, and a circa 10-page final writing.

  This course can satisfy a requirement for The Business of Innovation, Law and Technology: BILT Concentration

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  Contact me if you wish me to supervise a paper. I will gladly see you (for now, virtually) by appointment.

  Past Teaching
  Administrative Law Civil Procedure Constitutional Law Electronic Commerce Seminar International Law Internet Law	Internet and the Market: E-Commerce & Intellectual Property Jurisprudence Privacy Law Robots & AI Law (shortcourse) Torts Trademark	Law & Games Seminar (MMPORGs, not “gaming”) Intellectual Property in the Digital Era Seminar Internet Governance Seminar

  I have some unofficial advice about course selection in law school and some idiosyncratic writing tips. I’ve also got a half-written FAQ for people thinking about law school.

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  Publications

   

  AI & Robots
  Privacy & Cryptography	E-Commerce	Other
  Internet Governance & Governance Generally	Administrative Law	Discourse.net

  Latest drafts:

  • Saving Democracy from the Senate, 2024 Utah L. Rev. __ (forthcoming)  (with David B. Froomkin).
  • Issues in Robot Law and Policy, book chapter in Research Handbook on Law & Technology (Bartosz Brożek, Olia Kanevskaia, Przemislav Pałka, eds. forthcoming 2023).
  • Préface, Un droit de l’intelligence artificielle : entre règles sectorielles et régime général. Perspectives de droit comparé (Céline Castets-Renard, Jessica Eynard, eds.) (forthcoming 2023) (in French).
    • English edition forthcoming 2023.
  • Spanish translation of my Virtual Law School 2.0 paper (see below).
  • Towards Identity Bankruptcy (in progress).
  • Robot Law 2 (fothcoming 2024) (edited with Ryan Calo and Kristen Thomasen).

  AI & Robots

  • Big Data: Destroyer of Informed Consent, 18 Yale J. Health Pol. L. & Ethics 27 (2019), 21 Yale J.L. & Tech. 27 (2019) (special joint issue).
  • When AIs Outperform Doctors: Confronting the Challenges of A Tort-Induced Over-Reliance On Machine Learning, 61 Ariz. L. Rev. 33 (2019) (with Ian Kerr & Joelle Pineau).
  • Introduction to Robot Law (book chapter) in Robot Law (Ryan Calo, A. Michael Froomkin, & Ian Kerr eds., 2016).
  • Self-Defense Against Robots and Drones, 48 Conn. L. Rev. 1 (2015) (with Zak Colangelo)

  Privacy & Cryptography

  • Safety as Privacy (with Phillip Arencibia & P. Zak Colangelo-Trenner), 64 Ariz. L. Rev. 921 (2022).
    • Here’s a videoed talk with Faculti outlining some key parts of the paper
  • Privacy as Safety, 95 Wash. L. Rev. 141 (2020), (with Zak Colangelo).
  • Lessons Learned Too Well: Anonymity in a Time of Surveillance, 59 Ariz. L. Rev 95 (2017).
  • Self-Defense Against Robots and Drones, 48 Conn. L. Rev. 1 (2015) (with Zak Colangelo).
  • Regulating Mass Surveillance as Privacy Pollution: Learning from Environmental Impact Statements, 2015 U. Ill. L. Rev. 1713.
  • From Anonymity to Identification, 1 J. Reg. & Self-Reg. 121 (2015).
  • Pseudonyms by Another Name: Identity Management in a Time of Surveillance (book chapter) in Privacy in the Modern Age: The Search for Solutions (Mark Rotenburg, Julia Horwitz, Jeramie Scott, eds. 2015).
  • “PETs Must Be on a Leash”: How U.S. Law (and Industry Practice) Often Undermines and Even Forbids Valuable Privacy Enhancing Technology, 74 Ohio St. L.J. 965 (2013).
  • Hard to BELIEVE: The High Cost of a Biometric Identity Card (with Jonathan Weinberg), Chief Justice Earl Warren Institute on Law & Social Policy at UC Berkeley School of Law (Feb. 2012).
  • Government Data Breaches, 24 Berkeley Tech L.J. 1019 (2009).
  • Identity Cards and Identity Romanticism (book chapter) in Lessons from the Identity Trail: Anonymity, Privacy and Identity in a Networked Society (Ian Kerr, ed., 2009).
  • Anonymity and the Law in the United States (book chapter) in Lessons from the Identity Trail: Anonymity, Privacy and Identity in a Networked Society (Ian Kerr, ed., 2009).
  • The Uneasy Case for National ID Cards as a Means to Enhance Privacy (book chapter) in Securing Privacy in the Internet Age (A. Chander, L. Gelman, M.J. Radin, eds 2008).
  • The New Health Information Architecture: Coping with the Privacy Implications of the Personal Health Records Revolution, UM ELSI Group for Project HealthDesign (2008)
  • Forced Sharing of Patient-Controlled Health Records, UM ELSI Group for Project HealthDesign (2007).
  • Creating a Viral Federal Privacy Standard, 48 B.C.L. Rev. 55 (2007).
  • A Dispatch From the Crypto Wars (Review of Matt Curtin, Brute Foce: Cracking the Data Encryption Standard (2005)), 2 I/S: A Journal of Law and Policy for the Information Society 345 (2006).
  • Anonymity in the Balance, in DIGITAL ANONYMITY: TENSIONS AND DIMENSIONS (C. Nicoll et al. eds., 2003)
  • The Death of Privacy?, 52 STAN L. REV. 1461 (2000).
  • The Constitution and Encryption Regulation: Do We Need a “New Privacy”?, 3 N.Y.U. J. Legis & Pub. Pol. 25 (1999-2000).
  • Legal Issues in Anonymity and Pseudonymity, AAAS Symposium Volume, 15 The Information Society 113 (1999).
  • Flood Control on the Information Ocean: Living With Anonymity, Digital Cash, and Distributed Databases, 15 U. Pitt. J. L. & Com. 395 (1996) (Conference for the Second Century of the University of Pittsburgh School of Law Symposium volume).
  • It Came From Planet Clipper, 1996 U. Chi. L. Forum 15 (The Law of Cyberspace symposium volume).
  • Anonymity and Its Enmities, 1 Journal of Online Law art. 4 (1995).
  • The Metaphor is the Key: Cryptography, the Clipper Chip and the Constitution, 143 U. Penn. L. Rev. 709 (1995).
  • The Constitutionality of Mandatory Key Escrow–A First Look in Building in Big Brother: The Cryptographic Policy Debate 413 (Lance Hoffman, ed. 1995).

  Internet Governance & Governance Generally

  • Saving Democracy from the Senate (draft, 1/2023) (with David B. Froomkin).
  • Lessons Learned Too Well: Anonymity in a Time of Surveillance, 59 Ariz. L. Rev. 95 (2017).
  • Almost Free: An Analysis of ICANN’s “Affirmation of Commitments”, 9 J. Telecom. & High Tech. Law 187 (2011).
  • Ethical, legal and social issues for personal health records and applications (2010) (with Reid Cushman, Anita Cava, Patricia Abril, & Kenneth W. Goodman), 43 Journal of Biomedical Informatics 551 (2010).
  • Building the Bottom Up From the Top Down, 5 I/S: A Journal of Law and Policy for the Information Society 141 (2009)
  • Tim Wu, Esther Dyson, Esther, A. Michael Froomkin, and David A. Gross, On the Future of Internet Governance,. American Society of International Law, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting. Vol. 101.
  • International and National Regulation of the Internet (book chapter) in The Round Table Expert Group on Telecommunications Laws: Conference Papers (E.J. Dommering & N.A.N.M. van Eijk (eds.) (2005).
  • When We Say US^TM, We Mean It!, 41 Hous. L. Rev. 839 (2004).
  • Technologies for Democracy (book chapter) in Democracy Online: The Prospects for Electronic Democracy (Peter Shane, ed. 2004).
  • Commentary: Time to Hug a Bureaucrat, 35 LOY. U. CHI. L.J. 139 (2003).
  • ICANN & Anti-Trust, 2003 U. ILL. L. REV. 1 (with Mark Lemley).
  • ICANN 2.0: Meet the New Boss, 36 LOY. L.A. L. REV. 1087 (2003).
  • Habermas@discourse.net: Toward a Critical Theory of Cyberspace, 116 HARV. L. REV. 749 (2003).
  • ICANN’s UDRP: Its Causes and (Partial) Cures, 67 BROOK. L. REV. 605 (2002).
  • Internet Governance: The ICANN Experiment (Or, Three Paradoxes in Search of a Paradigm), in LA LIBERTAD DE INFORMACION: GOBIERNO Y ARQUITECTURA DE INTERNET 12 (Loreto Corredoira y Alfonso ed., 2001).
  • Form and Substance in Cyberspace, 6 J. SMALL & EMERGING BUS. L. 93 (2002).
  • Internet’s International Regulation: Emergence and Enforcement, in EVOLUTION DES SYSTEMES JURIDIQUE, BIJURIDISM ET COMMERCE INTERNATIONAL / THE EVOLUTION OF LEGAL SYSTEMS, BIJURALISM AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE (Louis Perret & Alain-Francois Bisson eds., 2002).
  • The Collision of Trademarks, Domain Names, and Due Process in Cyberspace, 44 COMM. ACM. 91 (2001).
  • Wrong Turn in Cyberspace: Using ICANN to Route Around the APA and the Constitution, 50 DUKE L.J. 17 (2000).
  • Semi-Private International Rulemaking: Lessons Learned from the WIPO Domain Name Process, in REGULATING THE GLOBAL INFORMATION SOCIETY 211 (Christopher T. Marsden ed., 2000).
  • Of Governments and Governance, 14 Berkeley Law & Technology Journal 617 (1999).
  • A Commentary on WIPO’s The Management of Internet Names And Addresses: Intellectual Property Issues.
  • A Critique of WIPO’s RFC3.
  • Comment, The Empire Strikes Back, 73 Chi-Kent L. Rev. 1101 (1998).
  • The Internet as a Source of Regulatory Arbitrage (book chapter) in Borders in Cyberspace (Brian Kahin and Charles Nesson, eds.) (MIT Press, 1997).

  E-Commerce

  • Speculative Microeconomics for Tomorrow’s Economy, in INTERNET PUBLISHING AND BEYOND: THE ECONOMICS OF DIGITAL INFORMATION AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 6 (Brian Kahin & Hal Varian eds., 2000) (with James Bradford DeLong).
  • Beating Microsoft at its Own Game, HARV. BUS. REV., Jan-Feb. 2000, at 159 (reviewing CHARLES FERGUSON, HIGH STAKES, NO PRISONERS (1999)) (with J. Bradford DeLong).
  • 2B as Legal Software for Electronic Contracting — Operating System or Trojan Horse?, 13 Berkeley Law & Technology Journal 1023 (1999).
  • Firme digitali e Autorita  di Certificazione: La garanzie di validita degli atti elettronici, 23 ingenium (Italy) 12 (March, 1998) (tr. Giovanni Nasi).
  • Recent Developments in US Computer Law, Amicus Curiae 27 (Jan., 1998).
  • Digital Signatures Today in Financial Cryptography 287 (Rafael Hirschfeld ed., 1997) (Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 1318).
  • Flood Control on the Information Ocean: Living With Anonymity, Digital Cash, and Distributed Databases, 15 U. Pitt. J. L. & Com. 395 (1996) (Conference for the Second Century of the University of Pittsburgh School of Law Symposium volume).
  • The Essential Role of Trusted Third Parties in Electronic Commerce, 75 Ore. L. Rev. 49 (1996) (The Law and Entrepreneurship Program: Innovation and the Information Environment, Symposium Volume). Reprinted in Readings in Electronic Commerce 119 (Ravi Kalakota & Andrew B. Whinston, eds. 1997).

  Administrative Law

  • Wrong Turn in Cyberspace: Using ICANN to Route Around the APA and the Constitution, 50 DUKE L.J. 17 (2000).
  • Reinventing the Government Corporation, 1995 Ill. L. Rev. 543
  • The Imperial Presidency’s New Vestments, 88 Nw. L. Rev. 1346 (1994).
  • Still Naked After All These Words, 88 Nw. L. Rev. 1420 (1994).
  • Politiké Finance V SFR (with Steve Gordon), 12 Právník 1079 (1990).
  • Climbing the Most Dangerous Branch: Legisprudence and the New Legal Process, 66 Tex. L. Rev. 1071 (1988) (book review).
  • Note, In Defense of Administrative Agency Autonomy, 96 Yale L.J. 787 (1987).

  Teaching, Blogging, Online Games, and Other Fun Stuff

  • The Virtual Law School, 2.0,  71 J. Legal Ed. 348 (2022).
    • To be translated into Spanish as La Escuela de Derecho Virtual, 2.0 and appear as a book chapter in CEEAD (Centro de Estudios sobre la Enseñanza y el Aprendizaje del derecho -The Center for the Studies on Law Teaching and Learning), Educación Jurídica en contexto (forthcoming 2023)
  • The Plural of “Anecdote” is “Blog”, 84 Wash. U. L. Rev. 1149 (2007)
  • Virtual Worlds, Real Rules, 1 N.Y.L. SCH. L. REV. 103 (2004) (with Caroline Bradley)
  • ELSI Guide to Licensing Project HealthDesign Work Product in the Public Interest, for Project HealthDesign (2007)

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  Miscellany

  • Slides from my presentation at The Public Voice in Internet Policy Making, entitled Lessons Learned From the ICANN Process, and from the ICANN-critique process (.ppt) (22 June 2002), sponsored by the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC).
  • Slides from my presentation at INET 2002, Trademark Law Meets the Internet (.ppt).
  • A draft article on ICANN’s problems, A Proposal for an Improbable Solution to the Problems of an Improbable Body (pdf), written for the conference on “New Technologies and International Governance” held at the School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, co-sponsored with George Mason University Washington DC. This paper was delivered February 12 2002, i.e. before ICANN CEO Stuart Lynn proposed radical changes to ICANN. For my views of that, please see ‘Where Goes ICANN’
  • I’ve written a little essay on a notable ICANN outrage involving re-delegation of the .au ccTLD.
  • Monash University’s Centre for Law in the Digital Economy (CLiDE) has copies of my slides for the Inaugural Lecture I gave on Aug. 9, 2001: Winners and Losers: The Internet Changes Everything — or Nothing?
  • My brother has a nice article online about Why The Web Can Work So Well for Journalists
  • The inaugural issue of the Duke Law and Technology Review has a short interview with me.
  • I have discovered a new taste for poetry. Sometime a haiku just reaches you where you live.
  • My prepared statement for the Senate Commerce, Science and Transportation Committee Communications Subcommittee hearing on ICANN Feb. 14, 2001. Also in massive .pdf (with charts).
  • My prepared statement for a hearing before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Energy & Commerce Subcommittee on Telecommunications entitled “Is ICANN’s New Generation of Internet Domain Name Selection Process Thwarting Competition?”
  • Public interest groups’ letter to Department of Commerce requesting hearings on new gTLDs. Also a press release regarding the letter.
  • Slides prepared for my talk on Internet & International Regulation: Emergence and Enforcement at the University of Ottawa’s Conference on the Evolution of Legal Systems, BiJuralism and International Trade 2000. If you were there you may have noticed that (1) I didn’t actually use these slides as this wasn’t a Powerpoint-friendly event and (2) the actual talk diverged somewhat from the slides, especially as parts of it were in a different language.
  • Slides from my talk “The Assault on Anonymity and its Consequences” given at a workshop on “Anonymity and Internet: rights and obligations in a borderless society” in Tilberg, NL sponsored by the Institute for Globalization and Sustainable Development (Globus) and the Centre for Law, Public Administration and Informatization (CRBI).
  • Slides from my talk “Cross-Border B2C eADR” given to a TIAS/Arthur Andersen seminar on “Legal and valuation issues of E-business” in Tilburg, NL (2000).
  • UPDATED An only slightly tongue-in-cheek set of powerpoint slides on The Virtual Law School
  • A pdf version of a (very) short write-up of a talk called Digital Signatures Today that appeared in the Proceedings of Financial Cryptography ’97.
  • You may also want to visit a paper I did not write: the cryptographers’ report on the practicalities, costs, and even dangers of key escrow.
  • I did write part of a moot court problem based on an invented cryptography control statute. Here is my imaginary really pro-Clipper court decision. You can also view the entire moot court problem, and hear a RealAudio transmission of the hearing. You can also hear a RealAudio of a panel on “Addressing Law Enforcement Concerns in a Constitutional Framework” recorded at the SAFE forum discussion of cryptographic export control, held July 1, 1996 at Stanford University. The nice people at CDT have also produced a transcript of that session. .
  • My presentation to UM’s 3rd International Tax Institute: The Internet: A Free Port in Every PC? (slides only).
  • My e-cash “position paper” for CFP ’97 on the Unintended Consequences of E-Cash.
  • An Internet audio version of my CFP ’98 panel on Crypto and Privacy at the Fringes of Society or my CFP ’95 panel, Can We Talk Long-Distance? Removing Impediments to Secure International Communications.
  • I wrote a WordPerfect 5.1 macro that converts a footnoted document into crude HTML with hyperlinked notes. The macro assumes that reveal codes is OFF, and that the document you want converted is in one window while the alternate document is empty. The macro does not fix headings (style codes do that well), nor does it do a table of contents. To fix bold and underline, find the CHANGECO macro provided with WP5.1 and change them to the appropriate HTML. An additional manual search and replace, plus some cutting up into separate documents, is needed to change this to a frames document.
  • This WP 5.1 macro will convert footnotes in a westlaw document into wordperfect footnotes. The Westlaw document must have been saved in WP 5.1 form. To run the macro, open the WP5.1 version of the downloaded file, type ALT-F10 then type WESTFN and hit the enter key. The macro assumes that reveal codes is OFF. It will strip off the excess headers and footers inserted by Westlaw into documents, but will leave the Westlaw copyright notice intact. If the macro is working you should see a progress report in the lower left hand corner of your screen. This macro is very simple-minded, and sometimes gets mixed up if there are atrociously long footnotes, so you do need to check the result. Looking at the final footnote to see if has the same number, and same text, as the original will usually but alas not inevitably tell you if things worked right. Even if they didn’t, a small amount of manual tweaking will usually fix the resulting document.
  • Click here for a surreal compliment
  • The high school I attended now has its own Web site; it seems to have gotten somewhat cooler than when I was there (and much more computerized!). There is also a web site for the college I attended (the fight song is kinda fun), the place I went to grad school, and the law school I attended and its library’s better page. Now my wife and my brother have homepages too.
  • Some ICANN stuff
    • I have an ICANN/WIPO page.
    • Beware the ICANN Board Squatters! and Update: Replacing the ICANN Board Squatters
    • Comments on ICANN’s proposed by-law changes.
    • My comments on ICANN’s proposed Uniform Dispute Policy and Rules
    • Of Governments and Governance, a paper delivered at a conference on “The Legal and Policy Framework for Global Electronic Commerce: a Progress Report”.
    • Slides from a talk called “The Root of all Evil?” presented at the CPSR conference Sept. 25, 1999. Powerpoint .ppt file; or as HTML. CPSR has also posted an excellent summary of my talk.
    • A preliminary draft of my TPRC paper: Semi-Private International Rulemaking: Lessons Learned from the WIPO Domain Name Process (in .pdf format). Now in version 2.0
    • Some thoughts on how ICANN might introduce instant accountability by signing A Contract With The Internet.
    • The EMPIRE STRIKES BACK, a comment delivered at a symposium on The Internet and Legal Theory.

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  Non-standard disclaimers may apply. Beware of these fallacies…and and these too! This personal Web page is not an official University of Miami Web page. See disclaimer.

  Last modified: Jan. 13, 2023