Algorand (ALGO) is a blockchain network (i.e. like ETH, ADA, SOL) that attempts to solve the "blockchain trilemma" - the ability of a network to be simultaneously scalable, secure and decentralised. ALGO's transactions per second (TPS) is 1k, with a 4s finality. Transactions cost 0.001 ALGO and the network already offers L1 smart contracts. However, the network will be upgraded in Q3-Q4 2021 to 45k/s TPS and 2.5s finality, ranking it toward the top for speed and scalability (Source). ALGO is currently experiencing ~1m transactions per day, placing it close to ETH in usage.

Main Conclusion: ALGO is, along with other projects, building and pioneering "Blockchain 3.0".

Algorand was founded by the Turing-award-winning, MIT professor Silvio Micali - and is backed by an excellent team with solid peer-reviewed academic prowess and publication record (Source 1) (Source 2). Silvio Micali conceived of and pioneered zero-knowledge proofs (among many other concepts) - a key and integral part of many cryptocurrencies. ALGO's respectable and trustworthy team boosts ALGO's chances of mass adoption, especially in the financial/institutional sectors - which appears to be ALGO's key target demographic.

Main Conclusion: ALGO's reliability, technology and ability to form partnerships is bolstered by the prestige and talent of its team.

Algorand uses pure proof-of-stake (PPoS) as a consensus mechanism, which employs algorithmic randomness and an improved form of Byzantine agreement to achieve decentralisation + security. PPoS differs from regular, delegated PoS (dPoS) in a number of ways, including:

• No pooled validators (i.e. holders do not pledge their coins to a minority of super-validators). Theoretically, this minimises the drive toward centralisation that dPoS suffers from.

• ALGO node running is permissionless (i.e. anybody with >1 ALGO can run a node, be a validator and participate in consensus).

• PPoS is extremely lightweight (an ALGO node can be run on a low energy, $50 Raspberry Pi 4 - no expensive hardware or upfront cost is required).

A key feature of PPoS is the use of a randomised, weighted lottery that selects validators - known as VRF. This prevents any malicious actor(s) from attacking the network since the identities of the currently selected validators (who must be corrupted in order to carry out an attack) are not known until the block is already finalised. At 1-4k validators, PPoS is paradoxically superior to dPoS in terms of decentralisation - even if the latter had 50,000+ nodes. This is because validators under the dPoS system are long-lived and known. By contrast, ALGO's random selections vary on both a round and subround basis - that is, block proposers, voters, vote certifiers all vary, across all steps of creating a block - making it incredibly secure and decentralised.

Main Conclusion: ALGO is fast, scalable, secure while remaining decentralised.

ALGO currently offers liquid and seamless staking with an APY of ~5.75% - you simply hold ALGO in a non-custodial wallet and there is no lock-up period. On Oct 1st 2021, governance is launching and this will gradually replace staking. In exchange for voting on proposals, you will be rewarded with 7.5-33% APY (depending on the number of participants). For the initial 3 months, this APY will be in addition to the passive 5.75%, meaning you could theoretically earn up to ~38.75% APY. Governance will not only allow ALGO holders to vote on changes to the network, consensus mechanism or tokenomics - but also select projects to receive developer grants (see below).

Main Conclusion: ALGO offers highly competitive staking APYs and will further decentralise by handing voting power to holders.

PPoS is extremely lightweight - consuming ~0.000008 kWh per transaction (Source). That's ~70,000x less energy than ADA, and 116250000x less energy than BTC.

The energy that is used by ALGO is 100%+ offset via carbon credits. An on-chain sustainability oracle analyses the energy utilised by each node and a partnership with ClimateTrade (and others) then channels this funding into reforestation, peat management and wind-energy projects (Source).

Main Conclusion: ALGO is eco-friendly, and the world's first carbon-negative blockchain network.

Algorand is extremely accessible to developers (Source 1) (Source 2). Most importantly, it supports development in Python, C++, GO, Java, Javascript and RUST - removing the need for developers to retrain or learn new languages. ALGO's smart contract language, TEAL, is incredibly intuitive and can be accessed via Python (PyTEAL). As of TEAL 4.0, the language is now fully Turing-complete. In addition, Algorand offers comprehensive, detailed documentation and tutorials (for free) - see Source 1.

Moreover, ~$200-250m is available to support developers and 50+ grants have already been issued (Source). In total, ~600-650 companies are currently developing on ALGO and intend to deploy DApps/ALGO-based services (Source).

Yieldly, ALGO's first DeFi app launched, ~2-3 months ago and has enjoyed a high TVL since. A number of high profile projects, including ALGO's first DEX are launching shortly this year. Tokenized, real-estate projects (e.g. Lofty) are also currently operating successfully on ALGO.

Main Conclusion: ALGO has the ability to instantly attract developers, and is poised for an explosion in its ecosystem.

A key feature of Algorand is that it is forkless - it is mathematically impossible for ALGO to fork (Source). This is extremely important for real-world usage. Businesses accepting ALGO will not only experience rapid finality but can trust that the transaction is not on a forked branch of the blockchain that can be lost. This is even more important for NFTs. Thus far, ALGO has seen major adoption, recently including:

• 70M South Americans (potentially 200M soon) using ALGO to issue + store COVID-19 passports (Source)

• BNext adopting ALGO for its $100b/year Spain<->Latin American remittance service (Source)

• MAPay adopting ALGO to power $800m/year in healthcare payments for Bermuda (Source)

• SIAE, one of the largest and oldest digital rights management companies in the world, launched 4.5m NFTs onto ALGO - representing the work of 10,000 artists and which will involve $100m/year in royalties (Source).

• ALGO was recently featured in a World Economic Forum (WEF) report on cryptocurrency - listed as a recommended "VIP" blockchain that solves issues with BTC/ETH and proof-of-stake (Source). This document will be seen by institutions, banks and economists worldwide.

The list goes on and on Here.

Main Conclusion: ALGO is already being deployed for large-scale and institutional solutions.

ALGO has a maximum supply of 10,000,000,000 (10b) coins, and ~57% of the supply has been released so far. The schedule for coin release is detailed here: (Source). In addition to this, ALGO operates an 'accelerated vesting' algorithm: if the 30-day moving average (30MA) reaches a new ATH, the rate at which new ALGO is introduced into circulation is accelerated. The combined effect of this is a significant rate of annual inflation - and artifical suppression of price i.e. ALGO is not a short-term investment. Inflation will ease over time for 2 reasons:

• Accelerated vesting is estimated to end in ~mid-2023

• Coin release slows over time (see the above source), and we are already ~18-24mo ahead of schedule - so it's very unlikely that it will take until 2030 to finish the process.

Eventually, suppression of the price will cease. Until then, ALGO exploit this stability to build large-scale partnerships since less volatility is often viewed favourably.

Main Conclusion: ALGO's tokenomics are less than ideal, and the project is to be seen as a long-term investment only.

ALGO relies on a set of ~100-120 relay nodes to maintain high-speed transactions. Relay nodes are distinct from participation nodes (which participate + drive PPoS consensus) - they simply direct traffic (i.e. an ISP). In order to reward early backers (i.e. relay node runners), a large amount of ALGO was allocated to them. This raises concerns of centralisation. Algorand have acknowledged this, and are now opening up relay node running to the community (Source). This will, however, require more expensive hardware. The details are listed in the above source.

Moreover, the Algorand Foundation also own a significant portion of ALGO. However, the foundation is non-profit and this ALGO is used to fund R&D directly and issue developer grants. Because of this, the % the foundation own is diminishing over time.

Main Conclusion: ALGO appear to have favoured developing a stable blockchain and securing major partnerships first, before moving toward decentralisation second.

Final Conclusion: For a chain that launched only ~2y ago (June 2019), it has accomplished a great deal and its future, to me, seems extremely bright - however - only consider it if you're prepared to hold.