Template (C++)

Templates are a feature of the C++ programming language that allows functions and classes to operate with generic types. This allows a function or class to work on many different data types without being rewritten for each one.

Templates are of great utility to programmers in C++, especially when combined with multiple inheritance and operator overloading. The C++ Standard Library provides many useful functions within a framework of connected templates.

Major inspirations for C++ templates were the parametrized modules provided by CLU and the generics provided by Ada.

Technical overview

There are three kinds of templates: function templates, class templates and, since C++14, variable templates. Since C++11, templates may be either variadic or non-variadic; in earlier versions of C++ they are always non-variadic.

Function templates

A function template behaves like a function except that the template can have arguments of many different types (see example). In other words, a function template represents a family of functions. The format for declaring function templates with type parameters is

Programming

Programming may refer to:

See also

Programming (music)

Programming is a form of music production and performance using electronic devices, such as sequencers, to generate sounds of musical instruments. Programming is used in nearly all forms of electronic music and in most hip hop music since the 1990s. It is also frequently used in modern pop and rap rock music from various regions of the world, and sometimes in jazz and contemporary classical music. In the 21st century, programming has been incorporated into various styles of screamo and metalcore music known as crunkcore and electronicore respectively.

See also

Notes

External links

Computer programming

Computer programming (often shortened to programming) is a process that leads from an original formulation of a computing problem to executable computer programs. Programming involves activities such as analysis, developing understanding, generating algorithms, verification of requirements of algorithms including their correctness and resources consumption, and implementation (commonly referred to as coding) of algorithms in a target programming language. Source code is written in one or more programming languages. The purpose of programming is to find a sequence of instructions that will automate performing a specific task or solving a given problem. The process of programming thus often requires expertise in many different subjects, including knowledge of the application domain, specialized algorithms and formal logic.

Related tasks include testing, debugging, and maintaining the source code, implementation of the build system, and management of derived artifacts such as machine code of computer programs. These might be considered part of the programming process, but often the term software development is used for this larger process with the term programming, implementation, or coding reserved for the actual writing of source code. Software engineering combines engineering techniques with software development practices.

Template

Template may mean:

Computer science and information technology

Template (file format)

The term document template when used in the context of file format refers to a common feature of many software applications that define a unique non-executable file format intended specifically for that particular application.

Template file formats are those whose file extension indicates that the file type is intended as a very high starting point from which to create other files.

These types of files are usually indicated on the File menu of the application:

For example, the word processing application Microsoft Word uses different file extensions for documents and templates: In Microsoft Word 2003 the file extension .dot is used to indicate a template, in Microsoft Word 2007 .dotx (in contrast to .doc, resp. .docx for a standard document).

In Adobe Dreamweaver the file extension .dwt is used to indicate a template.

Microsoft Word Templates

MS Word allows creating both layout and content templates. A layout template is a style guide for the file styles. It usually contains a chapter which explains how to use the styles within the documents. A content template is a document which provides a TOC. It might be modified to correspond to the user's needs.

Template (novel)

Template is a Canadian science fiction novel by Matthew Hughes, published by PS Publishing. It follows the adventures of a professional duelist who is drawn into a murder mystery. The novel explores differences between various cultures.

Reception

Matthew Hughes has been called one of Canada's best science fiction writers and his novel Template has been considered to be one of his best novels.

Another review noted that this novel is part detective story, part space opera and part investigation into the clash of cultures.

References