Presidency of Bongbong Marcos

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Bongbong Marcos
Presidency of Bongbong Marcos
June 30, 2022 – present
CabinetSee list
PartyPartido Federal ng Pilipinas
Election2022
SeatMalacañang Palace, Manila

Official website

The presidency of Bongbong Marcos began at noon on June 30, 2022, following his inauguration as the 17th president of the Philippines, succeeding Rodrigo Duterte. His term is expected to end six years later, on June 30, 2028.

Bongbong Marcos is the son of former President Ferdinand Marcos, who was in power from 1965 to 1986. He belongs to the prominent and controversial Marcos family.

Marcos assumed Presidency over the Philippines as the world was still struggling from the economic and social impact brought by the COVID-19 pandemic, which includes the rising inflation worldwide. These negative economic impact were further amplified by the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

Marcos initiated the rightsizing of government bureaucracy, especially in the executive branch of the government.[1] His administration oversaw the return to normalcy with the gradual reopening of the economy, return of face-to-face/physical classes, and the easing of the wearing of face mask mandate. However, the effects of inflation is being felt.

2022 election[edit]

Marcos won in 64 out of 81 provinces in the 2022 presidential election[2]

Marcos ran for president on a campaign platform centered on national unity and continuity of the policies of Rodrigo Duterte, his predecessor.[3][4] He won the 2022 elections, receiving 31,629,783 (58.77%) votes out of a total of 56,097,722, beating his closest rival, Liberal Party member and Vice President Leni Robredo by over 15 million votes.[5]

Marcos became the first candidate in the history of the Fifth Republic to win by a majority, scoring nearly 59 percent of the vote. His 31,629,783 votes was not only the highest count ever recorded in a presidential election, but close to the sum total of the two previous records combined.

Transition[edit]

Marcos' presidential transition began on May 25, 2022, when the Congress of the Philippines proclaimed his candidacy as the winner of the 2022 Philippine presidential election held on May 9, 2022.[6]

Inauguration[edit]

Marcos was inaugurated as the seventeenth president of the Philippines on June 30, 2022, at the National Museum of Fine Arts. He was sworn in by Alexander Gesmundo, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines.[7] The inauguration was notable for the military-civic parade.[8][9]

Quirino Grandstand was the original venue for Marcos' inauguration. It was moved to the National Museum since the Manila COVID-19 Field Hospital still occupies the site.

Major activities[edit]

Speeches[edit]

Executive orders[edit]

2022[edit]

No. Title / Description Date signed Ref.
1 Abolishing the Presidential Anti Corruption Commission and the Office of the Cabinet Secretary. June 30, 2022 [12]
2 Reorganizing and Renaming the Presidential Communications Operations Office and its Attached Agencies into the Office of the Press Secretary, Abolishing the Office of the Presidential Spokesperson, and for Other Purposes June 30, 2022 [13]
3 Allowing voluntary wearing of facemasks in outdoor settings and reiterating the continued implementation of minimum public health standards during the state of public health emergency relative to the COVID-19 pandemic September 12, 2022 [14]
4 Directing the implementation of a moratorium on the payment of the principal obligation and interest of the amortization due and payable by agrarian reform beneficiaries September 13, 2022 [15]
5 Transferring the attachment of Technical Education and Skills Development Authority from the Department of Trade and Industry to the Department of Labor and Employment September 16, 2022 [16]

Administration and cabinet[edit]

Marcos began naming his Cabinet members on May 12, 2022.[17] Following his presidential inauguration, he administered a mass oath-taking of his Cabinet officials.[18]

Office Name Term Refs.
President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. June 30, 2022 – [19]
Vice-President Sara Duterte-Carpio June 30, 2022 – [20]
Secretary of Foreign Affairs Enrique Manalo July 1, 2022 – [21]
Executive Secretary Victor Rodriguez June 30, 2022 – September 17, 2022 [22]
Secretary of Finance Benjamin Diokno June 30, 2022 – [22]
Secretary of Justice Jesus Crispin Remulla June 30, 2022 – [22]
Secretary of Agriculture Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr. June 30, 2022 – [23]
Secretary of Public Works and Highways Manuel Bonoan June 30, 2022 – [22]
Secretary of Education Sara Z. Duterte-Carpio June 30, 2022 – [22]
Secretary of Labor and Employment Bienvenido Laguesma June 30, 2022 – [22]
Secretary of National Defense Jose Faustino Jr. June 30, 2022[a] [24]
Secretary of Health Maria Rosario Vergeire (OIC) July 14, 2022 – [25]
Secretary of Trade and Industry Alfredo E. Pascual June 30, 2022 – [22]
Secretary of Migrant Workers Susan Ople June 30, 2022 – [22]
Secretary of Human Settlements and Urban Development Melissa Ardanas (OIC) June 30, 2022 – July 29, 2022 [26]
Jose Acuzar July 29, 2022 – [27]
Secretary of Social Welfare and Development Erwin Tulfo June 30, 2022 – [22]
Secretary of Agrarian Reform Conrado Estrella III June 30, 2022 – [28]
Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources Toni Yulo-Loyzaga July 12, 2022 – [29]
Secretary of the Interior and Local Government Benjamin Abalos Jr. June 30, 2022 – [30]
Secretary of Tourism Maria Esperanza Christina Frasco June 30, 2022 – [31]
Secretary of Transportation Jaime Bautista June 30, 2022 – [32]
Secretary of Science and Technology Renato Solidum Jr. July 22, 2022[b] [33]
Secretary of Budget and Management Amenah Pangandaman June 30, 2022 – [22]
Secretary of Energy Raphael Lotilla July 11, 2022 – [34]
Secretary of Information and Communications Technology Ivan John Enrile Uy June 30, 2022 – [22]
Director-General of the National Economic and Development Authority Arsenio Balisacan June 30, 2022 – [22]
Press Secretary Trixie Cruz-Angeles June 30, 2022 – [22]
National Security Adviser Clarita Carlos June 30, 2022 – [28]
Secretary of the Presidential Management Staff Zenaida Angping June 30, 2022 – [35]
Solicitor General Menardo Guevarra June 30, 2022 – [36]
Chief Presidential Legal Counsel Juan Ponce Enrile June 30, 2022 – [24]
Presidential Adviser on Peace, Reconciliation and Unity Carlito Galvez Jr. June 30, 2022 – [37]
Special Assistant to the President Antonio Ernesto Lagdameo Jr. June 30, 2022 – [22]

First 100 days[edit]

Marcos delivers his first State of the Nation Address on July 25, 2022.

Agriculture[edit]

Marcos appointed himself the Agriculture secretary to address rising food costs caused by inflation.[38]

Amid rising prices of sugar in the country brought about by a looming supply shortage due to the effects of Typhoon Odette in late 2021, the Sugar Regulatory Administration (SRA) in August 2022 released an order to import 300,000 metric tons of sugar to "specifically address the current sugar supply situation and its increasing prices"; Marcos rejected the planned importation.[39][40] After Malacanang denied Marcos signed the sugar order[41] and Press Secretary Trixie Cruz-Angeles said the resolution signed by SRA Undersecretary Leocadio Sebastian was "illegal",[42] Sebastian apologized to Marcos for signing the order on Marcos' behalf and resigned.[43] A few days later, SRA Administrator Hermenegildo Serafica and SRA board member Roland Beltran resigned,[44] prompting Malacanang to reorganize the SRA[45] and probe into alleged efforts of using the sugar order as "cover" for hoarding by sugar traders.[42] On August 19, the Marcos administration launched a crackdown on sugar hoarders and smugglers.[46] Marcos approved the importation of 150,000 metric tons of sugar, half of the 300,000 metric tons SRA proposal, to address the sugar shortage in the country.[47] Following a meeting with Rodriguez, major supermarkets agreed to sell sugar at 70 per kilo until the supply lasts.[48] Rodriguez initially refused to attend the senate probe hearings as ordered by Marcos, but attended a hearing after the blue ribbon committee voted to subpoena him.[49] Serafica maintained that Marcos mentioned the possibility of importing 600,000 metric tons of sugar, a claim rejected by Rodriguez. The senate blue ribbon committee terminated its probe after three hearings, clearing Rodriguez while recommending administrative and criminal charges against an Agriculture official and three former SRA officials; Serafica lamented the pieces of evidences they presented were not given weight, while Senator Risa Hontiveros alleged that the four officials were used as "fall guys".[50]

Agrarian reform[edit]

On his 65th birthday, September 14, 2022, Marcos signed his fourth executive order imposing a one-year moratorium on the amortization and interest payments of agrarian reform beneficiaries, which is seen to "lead to freedom of farmers from debts".[51]

Crime[edit]

Following a meeting on July 27, 2022, with Solicitor General Menardo Guevarra, Presidential Legal Adviser Juan Ponce Enrile, Executive Secretary Vic Rodriguez, Foreign Affairs Secretary Enrique Manalo, Justice Secretary Jesus Crispin Remulla, and lawyer Harry Roque, Marcos, on August 1, said that the Philippines has no intention of rejoining the International Criminal Court (ICC), maintaining that deaths linked to the War on Drugs of the Duterte administration are already being investigated by the Philippine government.[52] By September 9, the deadline imposed by the ICC Office of the Prosecutor's (OTP) for the Philippine government to comment on the resumption of the investigation on the war on drugs, Guevara formally requested the ICC to deny the request of the ICC-OTP to resume the investigation; Guevara maintained that "the alleged murder incidents that happened during the relevant period do not constitute 'crimes against humanity', considering that said incidents do not qualify as an 'attack' against the civilian population".[53]

According to the Philippine National Police, index crimes dropped 11.67% in Marcos' first two months compared to the same period a year prior.[54] Amid a series of reported abductions in the country, several senators urged Marcos to issue a strong directive and act swiftly on the matter.[55] On September 15, the Senate initiated a probe into the series of kidnapping cases.[56]

Drug policy[edit]

Marcos declared his intention to continue the war on drugs of the Duterte administration. By September 13, Marcos explained that the war on illegal drugs is "of internal matter", opting to leave it out of his First State of the Nation Address; he said a working group was still formulating policies for his anti-drug campaign, with a focus on prevention and rehabilitation.[57]

Defense[edit]

In August 2022, the Marcos administration said it was considering ordering United States helicopters in place of the 16 Russian Mil Mi-17 military helicopters which the Duterte administration ordered earlier but scrapped a few days before Duterte's term ended for fear of possible United States sanctions due to the ongoing 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Bases Conversion and Development Authority chair Delfin Lorenzana, who served as the Defense Secretary under Duterte, said the Philippines had made an initial payment to Russia in January 2022; the Marcos administration said it was considering replacing the canceled helicopters with Russian weapons as part of the initial payment it is trying to recover.[58][59]

Economy[edit]

Two days after his inauguration, Marcos vetoed a bill creating the Bulacan Airport City Special Economic Zone and Freeport covering the New Manila International Airport (which was sponsored by his sister), citing "substantial fiscal risks", incoherence with existing laws, and the proposed economic zone's location near the Clark Freeport and Special Economic Zone.[60]

Infrastructure[edit]

In his first State of the Nation Address, Marcos said he will continue and expand Duterte's infrastructure program, while citing the country "missed a great opportunity" in developing the country's railway system.[61] In July 2022, former Finance Secretary Carlos Dominguez III canceled the loan applications for three China-funded railway projects—the PNR South Long Haul, Subic-Clark Railway, and the Mindanao Railway (Tagum-Davao-Digos)—due to China's inaction on funding requests by the Duterte administration during Duterte's tenure.[62] A month later, the Marcos administration resumed talks with China to renegotiate and "resume" the major railway projects, with the Transportation department citing the funding will "strengthen bilateral relations and enhance the partnership between the Philippines and China".[63]

On August 23, the Marcos administration requested 1.196 trillion from Congress to fund in 2023 its "Build, Better More" (BBM) infrastructure program, an expansion of the Duterte administration's Build, Build, Build program.[64]

Education[edit]

In August 2022, the Commission on Audit (COA) flagged the Department of Education (DepEd) for the purchase of allegedly overpriced and outdated 39,583 laptops worth 2.4 billion back in 2021 for online classes at the height of the pandemic. In response, Education Secretary and Vice President Sara Duterte requested from the COA a "fraud audit" of the laptop deal.[65] Starting August 25, the Senate Blue Ribbon Committee, headed by Senator Francis Tolentino, held a series of hearings with previous officials of the DepEd and the Procurement Service of the Department of Budget and Management (PS-DBM), to look into the matter.[66]

Amid a low full vaccination rate of 19% among Filipino students nationwide, the Marcos administration reopened classes in 46% of all schools in the country, or 24,000 schools on August 22, implementing five days of face-to-face classes; 29,721 schools were allowed to continue implementing blended learning from August to October 2022.[67] A department order was signed, on September 2, by Duterte, automatically suspending all classes from kindergarten to senior high school during calamities and disasters; the order also prohibited the use of schools as long-term evacuation centers.[68]

Energy[edit]

In his first State of the Nation Address, Marcos presented his plan to increase energy production by including renewable energy and nuclear energy in the country's energy mix.[69]

Government reorganization[edit]

In an attempt to achieve "simplicity, economy, and efficiency" in the bureaucracy, Marcos, on June 30, 2022, issued his first executive order abolishing the Presidential Anti-Corruption Commission (PACC) created by Duterte in 2017, and the Office of the Cabinet Secretary.[70] The powers and functions of PACC were transferred to the Office of the Deputy Executive Secretary for Legal Affairs, while the existing Cabinet Secretariat will be under the Presidential Management Staff.[70]

A day after Marcos' inauguration, Executive Secretary Vic Rodriguez signed a memorandum circular declaring certain positions in the executive department held by officials appointed by Duterte as vacant, leaving at least 4,000 government positions needing to be filled up. Next-in-rank and most senior officials were to fill up the positions as officer-in-charge (OIC), although casual employees whose contracts were to expire on June 30, 2022, were allowed to serve only until July 31, 2022, unless earlier terminated or renewed.[71] Rodriguez, on July 29, extended the terms of the OICs until December 31, or until a replacement has been made, "to ensure the continuous and effective delivery of government services".[72]

On July 23, 2022, Marcos vetoed a bill strengthening the Office of the Government Corporate Counsel (OGCC) of the Department of Justice, citing "excessive grant of remuneration, incentives, benefits, allowances, and honoraria" to employees and hired lawyers.[73] A week later, he vetoed a bill creating transportation safety board, explaining that the proposed board has functions already being "undertaken by the different agencies" under the Department of Transportation, the Philippine National Police, and the National Bureau of Investigation.[74]

Marcos, on September 16, signed his fifth executive order, transferring the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) from the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) to the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE).[75]

Health[edit]

Marcos allowed the controversial Vape Regulation Bill to lapse into law on July 25.[76] The bill has been approved in January 2022 by both the Senate and the House of Representatives of the 18th Congress, but has been transmitted to Malacañang for Duterte to act upon only on June 24, six days before his presidency ended.[77]

On August 31, Cebu City mayor Michael Rama signed an order making the wearing of face masks "non-obligatory" in his city,[78] prompting the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG) to raise the issue of the lifting of face masks before the Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (IATF).[79] The Department of Health (DOH), maintaining that face masks gives 80-percent protection against COVID-19 and other contagious diseases, expressed worry that other local government units would follow Rama's action;[80] the DOH later agreed to allow the lifting of face masks only among low-risk individuals and in low-risk settings. On September 12, Marcos signed his third executive order, allowing voluntary use of face masks in outdoor settings with good ventilation.[81] Following the recommendation of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, Marcos, on September 13, signed a proclamation extending from September 13, 2022, to December 31, 2022, the period of the state of calamity declared by his predecessor, Rodrigo Duterte, due to the COVID-19.[82]

Social policies[edit]

On July 2, Social Welfare (DSWD) Secretary Erwin Tulfo revealed that Marcos ordered for the list of 4Ps beneficiaries to be "cleaned" due to reports of unqualified beneficiaries receiving cash grants and refusing to surrender their accounts.[83] About 1.3 million beneficiaries identified by the social welfare department as no longer poor were to face removal from the cash assistance program, which may free 15 billion to be distributed to "other qualified persons".[84] In late August, the DSWD earmarked 500 million to be distributed as cash assistance for poor students, prohibiting walk-ins after an initial chaotic distribution involving beneficiaries gathering in huge crowds at the central and regional offices of the DSWD.[85]

On July 30, Marcos vetoed a bill granting tax exemption on poll workers' honoraria; he cited the bill will "negate the progressivity of the reforms introduced under RA 10963 or the TRAIN law".[74]

Transportation[edit]

On July 1, a day after his inauguration, Marcos signed a memorandum seeking to provide free train rides to students, and extend the free EDSA Carousel rides until December 2022.[86][87] The memorandum is expected to benefit students using the MRT-3, LRT-2, and PNR from August 22 to November 4, 2022, when face-to-face classes resume in August.[88] On July 13, the free train rides for students was recalibrated and limited only to LRT-2; the Department of Transportation cited that train fares were "already heavily subsidized", especially when free train rides were implemented at MRT-3 for three months during the Duterte administration, and that Line 2 has the highest number of student ridership.[89]

Foreign policy[edit]

President Marcos meets with United States Secretary of State Antony Blinken at Malacañang Palace in Manila, August 6, 2022

Marcos announced in his first State of the Nation Address his plan to continue Duterte's independent foreign policy of being "friend to all, enemy to none", citing it will be advantageous to the Philippines and other nations.[90]

Amid growing tensions between China and Taiwan, in August 2022, Marcos and United States Secretary of State Antony Blinken reaffirmed both countries' commitment to the Mutual Defense Treaty.[91]

Following a French court of arbitration ruling instructing Malaysia to pay $14.9 billion to the descendants of the Sulu Sultanate for breaching an international private lease agreement by not paying the cession money under the agreement since 2013,[92] Malacañang, on August 2, said that the claim to Sabah is "not an issue of sovereignty" as it is "in the nature of a private claim".[93]

Marcos made his inaugural state visits in Indonesia from September 4 to 6, and Singapore from September 6 to 7, securing $USD14.36 billion (804.78 billion) in investments.[94]

Protests[edit]

An anti-Marcos-Duterte effigy during a Leni-Kiko rally at the Araneta Center, February 25, 2022.

Mobilizations against the presidency have occurred as protests against historical distortion,[95] human rights violations,[96] and economic conditions.[97]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ As Faustino retired from military service on November 12, 2021, in adherence to Republic Act 6975 banning the appointment of retired military officers for a year, he will first serve as a senior undersecretary and officer-in-charge of the Department of National Defense beginning June 30, 2022.[24]
  2. ^ Solidum served as the Officer–in–Charge from June 30 to July 22, 2022.

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