Extra (acting)

A background actor or extra is a performer in a film, television show, stage, musical, opera or ballet production, who appears in a nonspeaking or nonsinging (silent) capacity, usually in the background (for example, in an audience or busy street scene). War films and epic films often employ background actors in large numbers: some films have featured hundreds or even thousands of paid background actors as cast members (hence the term 'cast of thousands'). Likewise, grand opera can involve many background actors appearing in spectacular productions.

On a film or TV set, background actors are usually referred to as "background talent", "background performers", "background artists", "background cast members" or simply "background" while the term "extra" is rarely used. In a stage production, background actors are commonly referred to as "supernumeraries". In opera and ballet, they are called either "extras" or "supers".

Casting

Casting criteria for background actors depend on the production. It has been said that background cast members often require little or no acting experience. This is not entirely true, as any type of unrealistic portrayal must include some form of imagination and acting. Punctuality, reliability and the ability to take direction also figure prominently for these cast members. Background actors are often selected on short notice, after all other preparations for the shoot have been finalized.

Acting (rank)

An acting rank is a military designation allowing a commissioned or non-commissioned officer to assume a rank—usually higher and usually temporary—with the pay and allowances appropriate to that grade. As such, an officer may be ordered back to the previous grade. This situation may arise when a lower-ranking officer is called upon to replace a senior officer, or fill a position higher than the current rank held.

Addressing

When addressing an individual with an acting rank, the person should be addressed as if the full rank was held. For example, a member who is an acting master seaman would be addressed as "Master Seaman Smith", and not "Acting Master Seaman Smith" since the "acting" is a designation, regardless of the individual's actual rank and clerical designation. In writing, the acting nature of the rank may or may not be spelt out, so that the forms (for example) "acting captain", "captain (acting)" or "captain" may be seen. Documents dealing with rank, seniority and promotion will tend to spell out the acting nature of the rank, and informal documents will tend to avoid it, but no general rule can be said to exist for all contexts, nations or times.

Extra!

Extra! is a monthly magazine of media criticism published by the media watch group FAIR. First published in 1987, its first full-time editor was Martin A. Lee. Since 1990, it has been edited by Jim Naureckas. The magazine covers a wide variety of media issues in the form of analytical essays, features publications on media commentators, and book reviews.

Extra! was published six times a year until January 2009, when it switched to monthly. Contributors include Peter Hart, Janine Jackson, Julie Hollar, Laura Flanders, Howard Friel, Noam Chomsky, Stephen Maher, Michael Corcoran, Seth Ackerman, Beau Hodai, and Edward Herman.

References

External links

Norsk Tipping

Norsk Tipping AS is the national lottery in Norway, located in Hamar. The company offers a wide range of lottery, sports and instant games in the Norwegian market. Norsk Tipping is owned by the Norwegian government and administered by Norwegian Ministry of Culture and Church Affairs . Ever since Norsk Tipping started in 1948, the idea has been that the profit from company’s operations would be channelled back to the Norwegian sport and cultural sector. During 60 years of activity, Norsk Tipping have given its profits to such purposes.

History

Football pools were the only game when the Norsk Tipping AS was founded in 1948. At that time organisation was run as a limited company with the Norwegian State holding 40%, the Norwegian Sports Federation 40% and the Norwegian Football Association 20%. The profit was at first shared between sports and research projects. Today the company also raises money for culture causes, and the surplus is divided 50/50 between sports and culture.

Extra (supermarket)

extra was a retail store chain in the food sector that's belonged to the REWE Group since 1. July 2008. The company was formerly part of Metro Group.

Company history

The first extra store was opened by the Schaper-Group in Düren in 1970. In the early years, the main part of the branch network was in Lower Saxony and North Rhine Westphalia. extra was integrated into the Asko-Group in 1987, which in turn has been part of Metro Group since 1986. The two sales lines real,- and extra had been merged by Metro Group in 2004, though they continued to appear as two separate brands in the market. The Metro Group sold extra to the REWE Group on 1. July 2008. The brand name extra was announced to be phased out in 2009 and the markets will be named REWE. The franchise supermarkets Comet and Bolle that belong to extra will keep their names initially. To facilitate the sale of extra, the Metro Group split the two companies real,- and extra. The entity's name was then changed to extra Objektgesellschaft mbH. After the sale of extra, the "TiP" products disappear from the markets and are replaced by "Ja!", "REWE" and "REWE Bio" products, the marchandises of the REWE Group.