Latin name: Pinus sylvestris Family name: Pinaceae Chinese: 歐洲赤松 Deutsch: Waldkiefer / Gewöhnliche / Gemeine Kiefer / Rotföhre / Weißkiefer / Forche English: Scots pine Francais: Pin sylvestre Nederlands: Grove den / Pijnboom Portugues: pinho-de-riga / pinheiro-silvestre / pinheiro-da-escócia / pinho-nórdico / casquinha-nórdica / casquinha Naming: In the past (before the 18th century), this species was more often known as "Scots fir" or "Scotch fir". Other names sometimes used include Riga pine and Norway pine, and Mongolian pine for var. mongolica. "Scotch pine" is another variant of the common name, used mostly in North America. The timber from it is also called red deal or yellow deal. Another name, although less common, is European redwood. World: Pinus sylvestris is native to Eurasia, ranging from Western Europe to Eastern Siberia, south to the Caucasus Mountains and Anatolia, and north to well inside the Arctic Circle in Scandinavia. Location: In the north of it’s range, it occurs from sea level to 1,000 m (3,300 ft), while in the south of it’s range it is a high altitude mountain tree, growing at 1,200-2,600 m (3,900-8,500 ft) altitude. Soil: Pinus sylvestris is mainly found on poorer, sandy soils, rocky outcrops, peat bogs or close to the forest limit. On fertile sites, Scots pine is out-competed by other, usually spruce or broad-leaved tree species. Height: 35 m (114.8 ft) The tallest Pinus sylvestris is more than 210 year old and 46.6 m (150,9 ft). Lifetime: The lifespan is normally 150–300 years, with the oldest recorded specimens in Lapland, Northern Finland over 760 years. Flowers: The flowers are small, lacking perianth. Male and female flowers separately in dense inflorescences called cones (or strobili). Male inflorescences yellow, soon withering. Female inflorescences reddish, globose. Seeds: The seed cones are red at pollination, then pale brown, globose and 4–8 mm (5⁄32–5⁄16 in) diameter in their first year, expanding to full size in their second year, pointed ovoid-conic, green, then grey-green to yellow-brown at maturity, 3–7.5 cm (1 1⁄8–3 in) long. The cone scales have a flat to pyramidal apophysis (the external part of the cone scale), with a small prickle on the umbo (central boss or protuberance). The seeds are blackish, 3–5 mm (1⁄8–3⁄16 in) in length with a pale brown 12–20 mm (15⁄32–25⁄32 in) wing and are released when the cones open in spring, 22–24 months after pollination. The pollen cones are yellow, occasionally pink, 8–12 mm (5⁄16–15⁄32 in) long; pollen release is in mid to late spring. Leaves: On mature trees the leaves ('needles') are a glaucous blue-green, often darker green to dark yellow-green. In the winter the leaves are about 2.5-5 cm (1–2 in) long and 1–2 mm (1⁄32–3⁄32 in) broad. On vigorous young trees the leaves can be twice as long, and occasionally occur in fascicles of three or four on the tips of strong shoots. Leaf persistence varies from two to four years in warmer climates, and up to nine years in subarctic regions. Seedlings up to one year old bear juvenile leaves; these are single (not in pairs), 2–3 cm (3⁄4–1 1⁄4 in) long, flattened, with a serrated margin. Bark & Wood: The bark is thick, scaly dark grey-brown on the lower trunk, and thin, flaky and orange on the upper trunk and branches. The habit of the mature tree is distinctive due to its long, bare and straight trunk topped by a rounded or flat-topped mass of foliage. The wood is pale brown to red-brown, and used for general construction work. It has a dry density around 470 kg/m3 (varying with growth conditions), an open porosity of 60%, a fibre saturation point of 0.25 kg/kg, and a saturation moisture content of 1.60 kg/kg. ------------------------------------- Follow Herdarium Werdler on: Google Plus: https://plus.google.com/b/114345442964392697354/114345442964392697354?pageId=114345442964392697354 Twitter: https://twitter.com/HW_Herbarium YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCOfe-40hwyzcJYq09tfTlAA ------------------------------------- Music: Succotash ------------------------------------- Sources: https://wilde-planten.nl/grove%20den.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scots_pine http://www.luontoportti.com/suomi/en/puut/scots-pine

• published: 03 Sep 2018
• views: 5231