E! (Europe)

E! is a European television channel, operated by E! Entertainment Europe B.V. and owned by NBCUniversal. It features entertainment-related programming, reality television and Hollywood gossip and news. E! currently has an audience reach of 600 million homes internationally.

History

E! Entertainment Television was founded by Larry Namer and Alan Mruvka in the United States.

The network launched on 31 July 1987 as Movietime, a service that aired movie trailers, entertainment news, event and awards coverage, and interviews as an early example of a national barker channel. Three years later, in June 1990, Movietime was renamed E! Entertainment Television to emphasise its widening coverage of the celebrity-industrial complex, contemporary film, television and music, daily Hollywood gossip, and fashion.

In the Fall of 1999, Zone Vision launched E! Entertainment in Poland, under a licensing agreement on the Polish digital platform Wizja TV, with Zone's Studio Company providing localized content. The channel was shut down by 2002. In 2002 E! launched in Europe with its headquarters situated in Amsterdam in the Netherlands. One of the first countries E! broadcast in was Germany, where it telecast daily.

Eastern Europe

Eastern Europe is the eastern part of the European continent. There is no consensus as to the precise area it refers to, partly because the term has a wide range of geopolitical, geographical, cultural, and socioeconomic connotations. There are "almost as many definitions of Eastern Europe as there are scholars of the region". A related United Nations paper adds that "every assessment of spatial identities is essentially a social and cultural construct". One definition describes Eastern Europe as a cultural (and econo-cultural) entity: the region lying in Europe with main characteristics consisting in Byzantine, Orthodox, and some Turco-Islamic influences. Another definition was created during the Cold War and used more or less synonymously with the term Eastern Bloc. A similar definition names the formerly communist European states outside the Soviet Union as Eastern Europe. Historians and social scientists increasingly view such definitions as outdated or relegating, but they are still heard in everyday speech and used for statistical purposes.

Ṭe

Ṭē is an additional letter of the Perso-Arabic alphabet, derived from te (ت) by replacing the dots with a small t̤oʾe (ط). It is not used in the Arabic alphabet itself, but is used to represent [ʈ] in Urdu. The small t̤oʾe diactric is used to indicate a retroflex consonant in Urdu. It is the fifth letter of the Urdu alphabet. Its Abjad value is considered to be 400. In Urdu, this letter may also be called ‘heavy t’ or ‘Indian t’. In Devanagari, this consonant is rendered using ‘ट’.

Some layout engines do not properly generate medial and final forms (which should look like ـٹـ and ﭨ) and will render the isolate form ٹ, without joining.

E-Z notation

E-Z configuration, or the E-Z convention, is the IUPAC preferred method of describing the absolute stereochemistry of double bonds in organic chemistry. It is an extension of cis/trans notation (which only describes relative stereochemistry) that can be used to describe double bonds having two, three or four substituents.

Following a set of defined rules (Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rules), each substituent on a double bond is assigned a priority.

If the two groups of higher priority are on opposite sides of the double bond, the bond is assigned the configuration E (from entgegen, German: [ɛntˈɡeːɡən], the German word for "opposite").

If the two groups of higher priority are on the same side of the double bond, the bond is assigned the configuration Z (from zusammen, German: [tsuˈzamən], the German word for "together").

The letters E and Z are conventionally printed in italic type, within parentheses, and separated from the rest of the name with a hyphen. They are always printed as full capitals (not lower case or small capitals), but do not constitute the first letter of the name for English capitalization rules (as in the example above). For organic molecules with multiple alkenes, it is sometimes necessary to indicate the alkene location for each E or Z symbol. For example, the chemical name of alitretinoin is (2E,4E,6Z,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraenoic acid, indicating that the alkenes starting at positions 2, 4, and 8 are E while the one starting at position 6 is Z.

E (musical note)

E is the third note of the C major scale, and mi in fixed-do solfège. It has enharmonic equivalents of F♭ (which is by definition a diatonic semitone above E♭) and D, amongst others.

When calculated in equal temperament with a reference of A above middle C as 440 Hz, the frequency of Middle E (E₄) is approximately 329.628 Hz. See pitch (music) for a discussion of historical variations in frequency.

Designation by octave

Scales

Common scales beginning on E

Diatonic scales

Jazz Melodic Minor