Help:Table

Infobox A
	This sample infobox shows how the floating image box aligns toward the center.

This help page is a how-to guide.

It details processes or procedures of some aspect(s) of Wikipedia's norms and practices. It is not one of Wikipedia's policies or guidelines, and may reflect varying levels of consensus and vetting.

Shortcut

H:TABLE

A table is an arrangement of columns and rows that organizes and positions data or images. Tables can be created on Wikipedia pages using special wikitext syntax, and many different styles and tricks can be used to customise them.

Tables can be used as formatting instrument, but consider using a multi column list instead.

Using the toolbar[edit]

Vector toolbar – default

Monobook toolbar

To automatically insert a table, click or (Insert a table) on the edit toolbar. If "Insert a table" is not on the toolbar follow these directions to add it.

The following text is inserted when Insert a table is clicked:

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Caption text
|-
! Header text !! Header text !! Header text
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|-
| Example || Example || Example
|}

This code produces the following table:

Caption text
Header text	Header text	Header text
Example	Example	Example
Example	Example	Example
Example	Example	Example

The sample text ("Header text" or "Example") is intended to be replaced with actual data.

Basic table markup summary[edit]

Table element	Wikitext	Required	Usage notes
Table start	`{\|`	Required
Table caption	`\|+`	Optional	Only between table start and first table row.
Table row	`\|-`	Optional	Can be omitted before the first row.
Table header cell	`!`	Optional	Consecutive table header cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (`!!`); or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (`!`).
Table data cell	`\|` or `\|\|`	Optional	Consecutive table data cells may be added on same line separated by double marks (`\|\|`) or start on new lines, each with its own single mark (`\|`). This mark is also used to separate HTML attributes from cell and caption contents.
Table end	`\|}`	Required

The above marks must start on a new line, except the double marks (|| and !!) for optionally adding consecutive cells to a single line.
Blank spaces at the beginning of a line are ignored.
Content may either follow its cell mark on the same line (after any optional HTML attributes); or on lines below the cell mark (beware of undesired paragraphs though). Content that uses wiki markup that itself needs to start on a new line, such as with lists, headings, or nested tables, must be on its own new line.
To insert a pipe character (|) into a table caption or cell, use the <nowiki>|</nowiki> escaping markup.

HTML attributes[edit]

Each mark, except table end (|}), optionally accepts one or more attributes. Attributes must be on the same line as the mark.

Cells and captions (| or ||, ! or !!, and |+) hold content—separate any attribute from its content with a single pipe (|), with attributes preceding content.
Table and row marks ({| and |-) do not directly hold content. Do not add a pipe (|) after any attributes.

Commonly included attributes in tables include: class, for example class="wikitable"; style, for CSS styling; scope, to indicate row or column header cells; rowspan, to extend cells by more than one row; colspan, to extend cells by more than one column.

Pipe syntax tutorial[edit]

This help page may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: list is broken up in violation of MOS:LISTGAP, but code can be hard to untangle for template Please help improve this help page if you can; the talk page may contain suggestions.

Although HTML table syntax also works, special wikicode can be used as a shortcut to create a table. The vertical bar or "pipe" symbol ( | ) codes function exactly the same as HTML table markup, so a knowledge of HTML table code helps understand pipe code. The shortcuts are as follows:

The entire table is encased with curly brackets and a vertical bar character (a pipe). So use {| to begin a table, and |} to end it. Each one needs to be on its own line:

{|
  table code goes here
|}

An optional table caption is included with a line starting with a vertical bar and plus sign "|+" and the caption after it:

{|
|+ caption
  table code goes here
|}

To start a new table row, type a vertical bar and a hyphen on its own line: "|-". The codes for the cells in that row start on the next line.

{|
|+ The table's caption
|-
  row code goes here
|-
  next row code goes here
|}

Type the codes for each table cell in the next row, starting with a bar:

{|
|+ The table's caption
|-
| cell code goes here
|-
| next row cell code goes here
| next cell code goes here
|}

Cells can be separated with either a new line and a single bar, or by a double bar "||" on the same line. Both produce the same output:

Wiki source

Rendered result

{|
|+ The table's caption
|-
|Cell 1 || Cell 2 || Cell 3
|-
|Cell A
|Cell B
|Cell C
|-
|Cell x
|Cell y||Cell z
|}

The table's caption
Cell 1	Cell 2	Cell 3
Cell A	Cell B	Cell C
Cell x	Cell y	Cell z

Optional parameters can modify the display and styling of cells, rows, or the entire table. The simplest way to add styling is to set the wikitable CSS class, which in Wikipedia's external style sheet is defined to apply a gray color scheme and cell borders to tables using it:

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable"
|+ The table's caption
! Column header 1
! Column header 2
! Column header 3
|-
! Row header 1
| Cell 2 || Cell 3
|-
! Row header A
| Cell B
| Cell C
|}

The table's caption
Column header 1	Column header 2	Column header 3
Row header 1	Cell 2	Cell 3
Row header A	Cell B	Cell C

The table parameters and cell parameters are the same as in HTML, see http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/tables.html#edef-TABLE and Table (HTML). However, the thead, tbody, tfoot, colgroup, and col elements are currently not supported in MediaWiki, as of April 2017^[update].

A table can be useful even if none of the cells have content. For example, the background colors of cells can be changed with cell parameters, making the table into a diagram, like meta:Template talk:Square 8x8 pentomino example. An "image" in the form of a table is much more convenient to edit than an uploaded image.

Each row must have the same number of cells as the other rows, so that the number of columns in the table remains consistent. For empty cells, use the zero width space  or older non-breaking space   as content to ensure that the cells are displayed.

With colspan and rowspan cells can span several columns or rows; (see § Mélange, below)

Rendering the pipe[edit]

When cell content that contains a pipe character does not render correctly, simply add an empty format for that cell. The second pipe character in a line of |cell code will not display; it is reserved for adding a format. Wikicode between the first and second pipe is a format, but since emptiness or an error there is ignored, it just disappears. When this happens, add a dummy format. (For a real format, see § HTML attributes.) Use a third pipe character to render your first pipe character.

Rendering the first pipe when it is the third pipe in the cell code

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|''formatting''|P|i|p|e|
|C|e|l|l|2|
|-
|''formatting''|P|i|p|e||''formatting''|C|e|l|l|2|
|-
||P|i|p|e|s||C|e|l|l|2|
|}

P\|i\|p\|e\|	e\|l\|l\|2\|
P\|i\|p\|e	C\|e\|l\|l\|2\|
P\|i\|p\|e\|s	e\|l\|l\|2\|

The third and later pipe characters will render, but to display two adjacent pipe characters in a cell, (instead of having them act as the first pipe at the start of a new cell), other pipe-rendering options are needed. Instead of using a dummy format to render a pipe, you can render it directly by 1) <nowiki>|</nowiki> (preferred) or 2) html: | or |. Each line of cell code in the following table has one wikicode pipe.

Displaying adjacent pipes

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|<nowiki>|</nowiki>Pipes34:<nowiki>||</nowiki>
|-
|&#124;Pipes34:&#124;&#x7C;
|}

\|Pipes34:\|\|
\|Pipes34:\|\|

Template {{!}}, because of the order in which things are parsed, is equivalent to typing in a single | pipe character. The single <nowiki />| parser-tag does not apply here. See how they do not escape the second pipe, as &#124 and <nowiki>|</nowiki> did above:

Common mechanisms that do not work in tables

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|<nowiki />|Pipe3:|
|-
|Pipe2:{{!}}Pipe3:{{!}}
|}

Pipe3:\|
Pipe3:\|

Scope[edit]

A row of column headers is identified by using "! scope="col" |" instead of "|". Each header cell should be on a separate line in the wiki-markup. Header cells typically render differently from regular cells, depending on the browser. They are often rendered in a bold font and centered. The scope="col" markup should be used for column headers in all data tables because it explicitly associates the header with the corresponding cells, which helps ensure a consistent experience for screen readers. The Manual of Style requires the use of scope for column headers.
One cell in a row (usually, but not always the first) is identified as a row header by using the markup "! scope="row" |" instead of "|". Each header cell should be on a separate line in the wiki-markup. The scope="col" markup should be used for column headers in all data tables because it explicitly associates the header with the corresponding cells, which helps ensure a consistent experience for screen readers. The Manual of Style requires the use of scope for column headers. Many browsers will render the row header cells as bold and centred. If this rendering is not desired from an aesthetic point of view, the table can be styled with the "plainrowheaders" class which left-aligns the text in the cell and removes the bolding.

A typical example may be marked up like this:

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
 |+ The table's caption
 ! scope="col" | Column header 1
 ! scope="col" | Column header 2
 ! scope="col" | Column header 3
 |-
 ! scope="row" | Row header 1
 | Cell 2 || Cell 3
 |-
 ! scope="row" | Row header A
 | Cell B || Cell C
|}

The table's caption
Column header 1	Column header 2	Column header 3
Row header 1	Cell 2	Cell 3
Row header A	Cell B	Cell C

Examples[edit]

Simple straightforward tables[edit]

Minimalist table[edit]

Both of these generate the same output. Choose a style based on the number of cells in each row and the total text inside each cell.

Wiki source

Rendered result (note that there are no borders)

{|
|-
| A
| B
|-
| C
| D
|}

{|
|-
| A || B
|-
| C || D
|}

A	B
C	D

Multiplication table[edit]

Note that in this example class="wikitable" is used to style the table with Wikipedia's external style sheet for tables. It adds borders, background shading, and bold header text.

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 200px; height: 200px;"
|+ Multiplication table
|-
! ×
! 1
! 2
! 3
|-
! 1
| 1 || 2 || 3
|-
! 2
| 2 || 4 || 6
|-
! 3
| 3 || 6 || 9
|-
! 4
| 4 || 8 || 12
|-
! 5
| 5 || 10 || 15
|}

Multiplication table
×	1	2	3
1	1	2	3
2	2	4	6
3	3	6	9
4	4	8	12
5	5	10	15

Whole table operations[edit]

Captions and summaries[edit]

Explicit table captions are recommended for data tables as a best practice; the Wikipedia Manual of Style considers them a high priority for accessibility reasons, as a caption is explicitly associated with the table, unlike a normal wikitext heading or introductory sentence. All data tables on Wikipedia require captions. A caption is provided with the |+ markup, similar to a table row (|-), but it does not contain any cells, and is not within the table border. Captions are always displayed, appearing as a title centered (in most browsers), above the table. A caption can be styled (with inline, not block, CSS), and may include wikilinks, reference citations, etc.

A summary provides an overview of the data of a table for text and audio browsers, and does not normally display in graphical browsers. The summary (also a high Manual of Style priority for tables) is a synopsis of content, and does not repeat the caption text; think of it as analogous to an image's alt description. A summary is added with summary="Summary text here.", on the same line as the {| that opened the table, along with any class= and other parameters for the table as a whole. The summary= attribute is, however, obsolete in HTML5.

Wiki markup example showing left-aligned caption with a source citation:

{| class="wikitable"
|+ style="text-align: left;" | Data reported for 2014–2015, by region<ref name="Garcia 2005" />
|-
! scope="col" | Year !! scope="col" | Africa !! scope="col" | Americas !! scope="col" | Asia & Pacific !! scope="col" | Europe
|-
! scope="row" | 2014
| 2,300 || 8,950 || ''9,325'' || 4,200
|-
! scope="row" | 2015
| 2,725 || ''9,200'' || 8,850 || 4,775
|}

As it appears in a browser:

Data reported for 2014–2015, by region^[99]
Year	Africa	Americas	Asia & Pacific	Europe
2014	2,300	8,950	9,325	4,200
2015	2,725	9,200	8,850	4,775

Width, height[edit]

The width and height of the whole table can be specified, as well as the height of a row. To specify the width of a column one can specify the width of an arbitrary cell in it. If the width is not specified for all columns, and/or the height is not specified for all rows, then there is some ambiguity, and the result depends on the browser.

Wiki markup:

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 60%; height: 14em;"
|-
| Top-left-cell || Top-center-cell || Top-right-cell
|- style="height: 7em;"
| Middle-left-cell || style="width: 14em;" | Middle-center-cell || Middle-right-cell
|-
| Bottom-left-cell || Bottom-center-cell || Bottom-right-cell
|}

As it appears in a browser:

Top-left-cell	Top-center-cell	Top-right-cell
Middle-left-cell	Middle-center-cell	Middle-right-cell
Bottom-left-cell	Bottom-center-cell	Bottom-right-cell

Setting borders[edit]

Add a border around a table using the CSS property border: thickness style color;, for example border:3px dashed red. This example uses a solid (non-dashed) gray border that is one pixel wide:

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| style="border-spacing: 2px; border: 1px solid darkgray;"
! style="width: 140px;" | Left
! style="width: 150px;" | Center
! style="width: 130px;" | Right
|-
| [[File:StarIconBronze.png|120px|Bronze star icon]]
| [[File:StarIconGold.png|120px|Gold star icon]]
| [[File:StarIconGreen.png|120px|Green star icon]]
|- style="text-align: center;"
| Bronze star || Gold star || Green star
|}

Left	Center	Right

Bronze star	Gold star	Green star

Note the bottom-row texts are centered by style="text-align: center;" while the star images are not centered (i.e. left aligned).

As long as the File: specs omit the parameter |thumb they don't show the caption lines in the table (only during mouse-over). The border color darkgray matches typical tables or infoboxes in articles; however, it could be any color name (as in style="border: 1px solid darkgreen;") or use a hex-color (such as: #DDCCBB).

Borders of every cell in a table

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| border=1
|-
| A || B || C
|-
| D || E || F
|}

A	B	C
D	E	F

If all cells have the same border color, the resulting double borders may not be wanted; add the border-collapse: collapse; CSS property on the table opening tag to reduce them to single ones (cellspacing=... is obsolete).

Additionally, the W3C allows the use of the otherwise obsolete border= attribute on the table root ({|) if its value is "1". This adds a one-pixel border, in the default color, to the table and all of its cells at once:

Using the border-collapse property to combine the double borders, as described above:

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| border=1 style="border-collapse: collapse;"
|-
| A || B || C
|-
| D || E || F
|}

A	B	C
D	E	F

Positioning[edit]

You can position the entire table, the contents of a row, and the contents of a cell, but not with a single parameter for all the contents of the table. See m:Template talk:Table demo.

Side by side tables[edit]

You can place two or more tables side by side if the window width allows it but let them wrap otherwise so horizontal scrolling is avoided for readers with narrow screens. Place this before the first table:

<div><ul> <!-- The <div><ul><li> code displays tables side by side when window width allows it -->
<li style="display: inline-table;">

Place this between the tables:

</li>
<li style="display: inline-table;">

Place this after the last table:

</li>
</ul></div>

style="display: inline-table;" can not be added within the table wikitext, because long captions will mess things up in mobile portrait view, or other narrow screens. It must be added outside the table wikitext. The tables will wrap depending on screen width. Narrow your browser window to see.

Table 1. Long caption to test for problems in mobile portrait mode.
Name Color

Fred Orange

Bob Green

Lindy Yellow
Table 2. Long caption to test for problems in mobile portrait mode.
Animal State

Raccoon Maine

Whale Alaska

Manta Ray Florida

Here it is in use:

<div><ul> <!-- The <div><ul><li> code displays tables side by side when window width allows it -->
<li style="display: inline-table;">
{| class="wikitable" 
|+Table 1. Long caption to test for problems in mobile portrait mode.
|-
! Name
! Color
|-
|Fred
|Orange
|-
|Bob
|Green
|-
|Lindy
|Yellow
|} </li>
<li style="display: inline-table;">
{| class="wikitable"
|+Table 2. Long caption to test for problems in mobile portrait mode.
|-
! Animal
! State
|-
|Raccoon
|Maine
|-
|Whale
|Alaska
|-
|Manta Ray
|Florida
|} </li>
</ul></div>

The first table can be pushed all the way to the left by substituting <ul style="margin-left:0px;"> for <ul>

Side by side tables and images[edit]

You can add images to the mix too. Add vertical-align:top; to align an item to the top. See CSS vertical-align property for other options. The tables and images will wrap depending on screen width. Narrow your browser window to see. For example:

<li style="display: inline-table; vertical-align:top;">

Table 1
Name Color

Fred Orange

Bob Green

Lindy Yellow
New York City
Table 2
Animal State

Raccoon Maine

Whale Alaska

Manta Ray Florida

Add vertical-align:bottom; to align an item to the bottom. You can choose the alignment for each item.

Table 1
Name Color

Fred Orange

Bob Green

Lindy Yellow
New York City
Table 2
Animal State

Raccoon Maine

Whale Alaska

Manta Ray Florida

Floating table[edit]

Two table classes floatleft and floatright (case sensitive) help floating the table and adjusting table margins so that they do not stick to the text. floatleft floats the table to the left and adjusts right margin. floatright does the opposite. Example:

This paragraph is before the table. The text in column 2 spans both rows because of format specifier "rowspan=2" so there is no coding for "Col 2" in the 2nd row, just Col 1 and Col 3.
{| class="wikitable floatright"
| Col 1, row 1
| rowspan="2" | Col 2, row 1 (and 2)
| Col 3, row 1
|-
| Col 1, row 2
| Col 3, row 2
|}
{| class="wikitable floatleft"
| Col 1, row 1
| rowspan="2" | Col 2, row 1 (and 2)
| Col 3, row 1
|-
| Col 1, row 2
| Col 3, row 2
|}
Sed ut perspiciatis, unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam eaque ipsa, quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt, explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem, quia voluptas sit, aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos, qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt, neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum, quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt, ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit, qui in ea voluptate velit esse, quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum, qui dolorem eum fugiat, quo voluptas nulla pariatur?

As it appears in a browser:

This paragraph is before the table. The text in column 2 spans both rows because of format specifier "rowspan=2" so there is no coding for "Col 2" in the 2nd row, just Col 1 and Col 3.

Col 1, row 1	Col 2, row 1 (and 2)	Col 3, row 1
Col 1, row 2	Col 2, row 1 (and 2)	Col 3, row 2

Col 1, row 1	Col 2, row 1 (and 2)	Col 3, row 1
Col 1, row 2	Col 2, row 1 (and 2)	Col 3, row 2

Sed ut perspiciatis, unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam eaque ipsa, quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt, explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem, quia voluptas sit, aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos, qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt, neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum, quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt, ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit, qui in ea voluptate velit esse, quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum, qui dolorem eum fugiat, quo voluptas nulla pariatur?

Note that although there are other ways to float a table, such as style="float:left;", style="float:right;", the only parameters that allow you to position the table under a floated multimedia object are floatleft and floatright. For example:

Aligning the table with floatleft produces:

Col 1, row 1	Col 2, row 1 (and 2)	Col 3, row 1
Col 1, row 2	Col 2, row 1 (and 2)	Col 3, row 2

Sed ut perspiciatis, unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam eaque ipsa, quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt, explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem, quia voluptas sit, aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos, qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt, neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum, quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt, ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit, qui in ea voluptate velit esse, quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum, qui dolorem eum fugiat, quo voluptas nulla pariatur?

But aligning it with style="float:left;" produces:

Col 1, row 1	Col 2, row 1 (and 2)	Col 3, row 1
Col 1, row 2	Col 2, row 1 (and 2)	Col 3, row 2

Sed ut perspiciatis, unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem aperiam eaque ipsa, quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt, explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem, quia voluptas sit, aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos, qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt, neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum, quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit, sed quia non numquam eius modi tempora incidunt, ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit, qui in ea voluptate velit esse, quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum, qui dolorem eum fugiat, quo voluptas nulla pariatur?

Centering tables[edit]

Shortcut

HELP:TABLECENTER

align="center" is deprecated in HTML5, and does not work well in Mediawiki software. For example; it will not override the left alignment of tables via class=wikitable.

Centered tables can be achieved, but they don't "float"; that is to say, no text appears to either side. The trick is
{| style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;" ^{[note 1]}

Wiki markup:

Text before table...
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"
|+ Cells left-aligned, table centered
|-
! scope="col" | Duis
! scope="col" | aute
! scope="col" | irure
|-
| dolor || in reprehenderit || in voluptate velit
|-
| esse cillum dolore || eu fugiat nulla || pariatur.
|}
...text after table

As it appears in a browser:

Text before table...

Cells left-aligned, table centered
Duis	aute	irure
dolor	in reprehenderit	in voluptate velit
esse cillum dolore	eu fugiat nulla	pariatur.

...text after table.

Nested tables[edit]

E.g.

Why <nowiki/>.

Text before table...

A B

A B

a0 b0

A A
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

a1 b1

B B

a0 b0

A A
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

a1 b1

B B

X

The all-in-one test...

...text after table.
— Table in table...
...and...

Quotetrain!

External link (hidden icon)

Wikitext:

<!-- [[Help:Comment tags]] -->

{{Collapse|1=<nowiki/>
* Why <syntaxhighlight lang="moin" inline><nowiki/></syntaxhighlight>. <!-- Removing the <nowiki/> above to see. -->
{{tq2|1=<nowiki/>{{tq2|{{tq2|1=<nowiki/>Text before table... <!-- And explicit parameter passing? Also check: [[Template:tq2#Caveats]]. -->
{{{!}}class="wikitable" style="background-color:#eaf8f4; color:#008560" 
!A!!B!!
{{{!}}class="wikitable" style="background-color:#f8f4ea"
!A!!B
{{!}}-
{{!}}
{{{!}}class="wikitable"
!a0!!b0
{{!}}-
{{!}}A{{!}}{{!}}A
{{!}}}xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
{{!}}
{{{!}}class="wikitable"
!a1!!b1
{{!}}-
{{!}}B{{!}}{{!}}B
{{!}}}
{{!}}}
{{!}}-
{{!}}
{{{!}}class="wikitable" style="color:#ff4242"
!a0!!b0
{{!}}-
{{!}}A{{!}}{{!}}A
{{!}}}xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
{{!}}
{{{!}}class="wikitable"
!a1!!b1
{{!}}-
{{!}}B{{!}}{{!}}B
{{!}}}
{{!}}{{Collapse|1=<span style="color:#ff4242">The all-in-one test...</span>|2=X}}
{{!}}}...text after table.|source='''<span style="background-color:#ffff00">Table</span> in table'''...}}
...and...}}
'''Quote[[train|<span style="color:#ff0000">train</span>]]<span style="background-color:#ffff00; color:#ff0000">!</span>'''

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Link#External_links External link] (<span class="plainlinks">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:External_link_icons#Hiding_link_icons hidden icon]</span>)}}|2=E.g.|expand=y}}

Seven different (blue) tables are shown nested inside the cells of a table. Automatically, the two tables |A| and |B|B| are vertically aligned instead of the usual side-by-side of text characters in a cell. And float is used to fix each of tables |C| and |D| to their own position within one cell of the table. This may be used for charts and schematics, though as noted above, this is deprecated. Nested tables must start on a new line.

α

cell2

NESTED

TABLE

the original table again

A

B

C

D

Wikitext:

{| style="border: 1px solid black;"
| style="border: 1px solid black;" | &alpha;
| style="border: 1px solid black; text-align:center;" | cell2
{| style="border: 2px solid black; background: #ffffcc;" <!-- The nested table must be on a new line -->
| style="border: 2px solid darkgray;" | NESTED
|-
| style="border: 2px solid darkgray;" | TABLE
|}
| style="border: 1px solid black; vertical-align: bottom;" | the original table again
| style="border: 1px solid black; width:100px" |
{| style="border: 2px solid black; background: #ffffcc"
| style="border: 2px solid darkgray;" | A
|}
{| style="border: 2px solid black; background: #ffffcc"
| style="border: 2px solid darkgray;" | B
| style="border: 2px solid darkgray;" | B
|}
| style="border: 1px solid black; width: 50px" |
{| style="border: 2px solid black; background:#ffffcc; float:left"
| style="border: 2px solid darkgray;" | C
|}
{| style="border: 2px solid black; background:#ffffcc; float:right"
| style="border: 2px solid darkgray;" | D
|}
|}

Scrolling[edit]

The whole table can be placed within a scrolling list so that new table lines appear on the screen as old table lines disappear. Although MOS:SCROLL disfavors scrolling tables in article space because article content should be accessible on a variety of devices whereas a scrolling table hides some text, a scrolling table may be used in other Wikipedia namespaces. There are several very advanced scrolling tables (with headers that stay visible and sticky while scrolling) in COVID-19 pandemic by country and territory: Template:COVID-19 pandemic data, Template:COVID-19 pandemic death rates, and Template:Monthly cumulative COVID-19 death totals by country. Sorting rows can be made sticky too. See here and here. See scrolling table farther down: #Section link or map link to a row anchor. See also: Template:Scrolling window.

Wiki markup:

<div style="width: 75%; height: 10em; overflow: auto; border: 2px solid red;">
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| abc || def || ghi
|- style="height: 100px;"
| jkl || style="width: 200px;" | mno || pqr
|-
| stu || vwx || yz
|}
</div>

As it appears in a browser:

abc	def	ghi
jkl	mno	pqr
stu	vwx	yz

Color; scope of parameters[edit]

Two ways of specifying color of text and background for a single cell are as follows:

Wiki source

Rendered result

{|
|-
| style="background: red; color: white;" | abc
| def
| style="background: red;"| <span style="color: white;"> ghi </span>
| jkl
|}

abc

def

ghi

jkl

Like other parameters, colors can also be specified for a whole row or the whole table; parameters for a row override the value for the table, and those for a cell override those for a row. (Note that when specifying the color for a row, all the cells of the row must be written on one line of the wikitext. Also, there is no easy way to specify a color for a whole column: each cell in the column must be individually specified. Tools can make it easier.)

Wiki markup:

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| style="background: yellow; color: green;"
|-
| stu || style="background: silver;" | vwx || yz
|- style="background: red; color: white;"
| stu || style="background: silver;" | vwx || yz
|-
| stu || style="background: silver;" | vwx || yz
|}

stu	vwx	yz
stu	vwx	yz
stu	vwx	yz

To make the table blend in with the background, use style="background: none;" or style="background: transparent;". (Warning: style="background: inherit;", does not work with some older browsers, including IE6, so ensure that the table will be intelligible if the coloring preference fails.)

To force a cell to match one of the default colors of the class="wikitable" template, use style="background:#EAECF0;" for the darker header, and style="background:#F8F9FA;" for the lighter body. #A2A9B1 is the wikitables border color.

Cell operations[edit]

Setting cell parameters[edit]

At the start of a cell, add your parameter followed by a single pipe. For example, style="width: 300px"| sets that cell to a width of 300 pixels. To set more than one parameter, leave a space between each one.

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| style="color: white;"
|-
| style="background: red;"|cell1 || style="width: 300px; background: blue;"|cell2
| style="background: green;"|cell3
|}

cell1

cell2

cell3

Vertical alignment in cells[edit]

By default, text is aligned to the vertical middle of the cell:

Row header	A longer piece of text. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.	Short text
Row header	Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Imagine someone scrolling down the page, seeing the tops of "empty" columns, and wondering why they're empty.	Short text

To align the text to the top of the cell, apply the style="vertical-align: top;" CSS to the rows (unfortunately, it seems to be necessary to apply this individually to every single row). The valign=... attribute is obsolete and should not be used.

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable" style="width: 400px;"
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
! scope="row" style="width: 10%;" | Row header
| style="width: 70%;" | A longer piece of text. Lorem ipsum...
| style="width: 20%;" | Short text
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
! scope="row" | Row header
| Excepteur sint occaecat...
| Short text
|}

Row header	A longer piece of text. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur.	Short text
Row header	Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Imagine someone scrolling down the page, seeing the tops of "empty" columns, and wondering why they're empty.	Short text

Cell content indenting and padding[edit]

The contents of a cell can be indented using a CSS style of padding-left.

Wiki markup:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Cell content that is not indented or padded
|-
| style="padding-left: 2em;" | style="padding-left: 2em;"
|-
| style="text-align:right; padding-right: 2em;" | style="padding-right: 2em;"
|-
| style="padding-top: 2em;" | style="padding-top: 2em;"
|-
| style="padding-bottom: 2em;" | style="padding-bottom: 2em;"
|-
| style="padding: 3em 5%;" | style="padding: 3em 5%;" {{space|4}} Top and Bottom 3em, Left and Right 5%
|-
| style="padding: 3em 4em 5%;" | style="padding: 3em 4em 5%;" {{space|4}} Top 3em, Left and Right 4em, Bottom 5%
|-
| style="padding: 3%;" | style="padding: 3%;" {{space|4}} Top, Right, Bottom, and Left all 3%
|-
| style="padding: 1em 20px 8% 9em;" | style="padding: 1em 20px 8% 9em;" {{space|4}} Top 1em, Right 20px, Bottom 8%, and Left 9em
|}

Cell content that is not indented or padded
style="padding-left: 2em;"
style="padding-right: 2em;"
style="padding-top: 2em;"
style="padding-bottom: 2em;"
style="padding: 3em 5%;" Top and Bottom 3em, Left and Right 5%
style="padding: 3em 4em 5%;" Top 3em, Left and Right 4em, Bottom 5%
style="padding: 3%;" Top, Right, Bottom, and Left all 3%
style="padding: 1em 20px 8% 9em;" Top 1em, Right 20px, Bottom 8%, and Left 9em

Pattern for arguments

The arguments to style="padding: " can be seen as being ordered by a 12-hour clock, starting at noon and going clockwise, in the following sense: "top" is associated with noon (i.e. 12 o'clock, the top of a clock), "right" is 3 o'clock, "bottom" is 6 o'clock, and "left" is 9 o'clock. The arguments are ordered clockwise starting at noon: top → right → bottom → left (see this^{[note 2]} footnote for an example with an explanation).

This same order is also used elsewhere, such as when specifying a cell's borders with border-style: .

Individual cell borders[edit]

The same CSS used for tables can be used in a cell's format specifier (enclosed in |...|) to put a border around each cell:

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| style="border-spacing: 2px; border: 1px solid darkgray;"
! style="width: 140px;" | Left
! style="width: 150px;" | Center
! style="width: 130px;" | Right
|- style="text-align: center;"
| style="border: 1px solid blue;"|
[[File:StarIconBronze.png|120px|Bronze star icon]]
| style="border: 1px solid #777777;"|
[[File:StarIconGold.png|120px|Gold star icon]]
| style="border: 1px solid #22AA55;"|<!--greenish border-->
[[File:StarIconGreen.png|120px|Green star icon]]
|- style="text-align: center;"
|Bronze star || Gold star || Green star
|}

Left	Center	Right

Bronze star	Gold star	Green star

Note only the image cells, here, have individual borders, not the text. The lower hex-colors (such as: #616161) are closer to black. Typically, all borders in a table would be one specific color.

Top, right, bottom, and left borders of a cell

To set the left, right, bottom, or top border of a single cell, one may use style='border-style:' which takes 4 arguments, each of which is either solid or none. These arguments are ordered according to the pattern described here. For instance, style='border-style: solid none solid none;' where the four parameters correspond respectively to the

'border-style: top right bottom left;'

borders of the cell. For reasons described after this example, there are many ways to change the following code that would not result in any changes to the table that is actually displayed.

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Top-left-cell 
<!--    'border-style: top   right bottom left;' -->
| style='border-style: solid solid none   none;'  | Top-center-cell 
| Top-right-cell 
|-
| style='border-style: none  none  solid  solid;' | Middle-left-cell 
| style='border-style: none  none  none   none;'  | Middle-center-cell 
| style='border-style: solid solid none   none;'  | Middle-right-cell 
|-
| Bottom-left-cell 
| style='border-style: none  none  solid  solid;' | Bottom-center-cell 
| Bottom-right-cell 
|}

Top-left-cell	Top-center-cell	Top-right-cell
Middle-left-cell	Middle-center-cell	Middle-right-cell
Bottom-left-cell	Bottom-center-cell	Bottom-right-cell

Note, however, that in the following table, none of the central cell's (i.e. Middle-center-cell's) borders are removed despite the code style='border-style: none none none none;':

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Top-left-cell || Top-center-cell || Top-right-cell 
|-
| Middle-left-cell 
| style='border-style: none none none none;' | Middle-center-cell 
| Middle-right-cell 
|-
| Bottom-left-cell || Bottom-center-cell || Bottom-right-cell 
|}

Top-left-cell	Top-center-cell	Top-right-cell
Middle-left-cell	Middle-center-cell	Middle-right-cell
Bottom-left-cell	Bottom-center-cell	Bottom-right-cell

This happens because the code class="wikitable" places a border (top, right, bottom, and left) around every cell in the table so that, for instance, there are actually two borders between the cells "Middle-center-cell" and "Middle-right-cell". So to remove the border between cells "Middle-center-cell" and "Middle-right-cell", it is necessary to remove both the right border of "Middle-center-cell" and the left border of "Middle-right-cell":

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| Top-left-cell || Top-center-cell || Top-right-cell 
|-
| Middle-left-cell 
<!--    'border-style: top   right bottom left;' -->
| style='border-style: none  none  none   none;' | Middle-center-cell 
| style='border-style: none  none  none   none;' | Middle-right-cell 
<!-- The following could be used in place of the above line and there would be no change to the table that is displayed:    | style='border-style: solid solid solid none;' | Middle-right-cell -->
|-
| Bottom-left-cell || Bottom-center-cell || Bottom-right-cell 
|}

Top-left-cell	Top-center-cell	Top-right-cell
Middle-left-cell	Middle-center-cell	Middle-right-cell
Bottom-left-cell	Bottom-center-cell	Bottom-right-cell

Note that replacing {| class="wikitable" with {| style="border-collapse: collapse;" has the effect of removing all cell borders that would otherwise appear by default around every cell in the table. With this change, you must insert a single cell border between two adjacent cells rather than remove two cell borders.

Row operations[edit]

Indexing[edit]

Column operations[edit]

Setting column widths[edit]

To force column widths to specific requirements, rather than accepting the width of the widest text element in a column's cells, follow this example. Note that wrap-around of text is forced.

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! scope="col" style="width: 50px;" | Name
! scope="col" style="width: 250px;" | Effect
! scope="col" style="min-width: 225px; max-width: 300px;" | Games found in
|-
| Poké Ball || Regular Poké Ball || All versions
|-
| Great Ball || Better than a Poké Ball || All versions
|}

Name	Effect	Games found in
Poké Ball	Regular Poké Ball	All versions
Great Ball	Better than a Poké Ball	All versions

To set column widths in a table without headers, specify the width in the first cell for each column.

Wiki markup:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
| style="width: 100pt;" | This column is 100 points wide
| style="width: 200pt;" | This column is 200 points wide
| style="width: 300pt;" | This column is 300 points wide
|-
| blah || blih || bluh
|}

This column is 100 points wide	This column is 200 points wide	This column is 300 points wide
blah	blih	bluh

You can also use percentages, such as to equalize the widths of a two-column table by setting one of them to style="width: 50%;".

One application of setting the widths is aligning columns of consecutive tables. The following are separate tables, with columns set to 350px and 225px. Warning: Setting specific pixel sizes is deprecated, as it interferes with the ability of the browser to adjust content to suit the browser window, device size, user-end font size limits, and other constraints. It is strongly preferred to use relative sizes, in percentage or em values.

Country	Capital
Netherlands	Amsterdam

Country	Capital
France	Paris

Nowrap[edit]

In a table that spans the entire width of a page, cells narrower than the widest cell tend to wrap. To keep an entire column from wrapping, use style="white-space: nowrap;" in a non-header cell on the longest/widest cell to affect the entire column.

Without nowrap, as it appears in a browser:

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Episode
! scope="col" | Date
! scope="col" | Summary
|-
|"The Journey Begins"
|January 1, 2010
|[[Lorem ipsum]] dolor sit amet, [...] <!-- This text is a truncation of the actual (long) text displayed in the output below -->
|-
|"When Episodes Attack"
|January 8, 2010
|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, [...]
|-
|"So Long"
|January 15, 2010
|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, [...]
|}

Episode	Date	Summary
"The Journey Begins"	January 1, 2010	Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
"When Episodes Attack"	January 8, 2010	Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
"So Long"	January 15, 2010	Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

With nowrap, on both the Episode and Date columns, as it appears in a browser:

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | Episode
! scope="col" | Date
! scope="col" | Summary
|-
|"The Journey Begins"
|January 1, 2010
|[[Lorem ipsum]] dolor sit amet, [...] <!-- This text is a truncation of the actual (long) text displayed in the output below -->
|-
|style="white-space: nowrap;"|"When Episodes Attack"
|January 8, 2010
|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, [...]
|-
|"So Long"
|style="white-space: nowrap;"|January 15, 2010
|Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, [...]
|}

Episode	Date	Summary
"The Journey Begins"	January 1, 2010	Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
"When Episodes Attack"	January 8, 2010	Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.
"So Long"	January 15, 2010	Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Tooltips[edit]

You can add tooltips to columns by using the {{H:title}} template. Simply replace the column-title with {{H:title|The tool tip|Column title}}, which makes it appear like so: Column title.

More complex examples[edit]

Mélange[edit]

Note: This example is not accessible, and should be avoided as much as possible. For example, nested tables (tables inside tables) should be separated into distinct tables when possible.

Here is a more advanced example, showing some more options available for making up tables.

Users can play with these settings in their own table to see what effect they have. Not all of these techniques may be appropriate in all cases; just because colored backgrounds can be added, for example, does not mean it is always a good idea. Try to keep the markup in tables relatively simple—remember, other people are going to be editing the article too! This example should give an idea of what is possible, though.

Wiki markup:

Text before centered table...
{| style="border: 1px solid black; border-spacing: 0; margin: 1em auto;"
|+ '''An example table'''
|-
! style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 5px; background: #efefef;" | First header
! colspan="2" style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 5px; background: #ffdead;" | Second header
|-
| style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 5px;" | Upper left
| style="border: 1px solid black; padding: 5px;" | Upper middle
| rowspan="2" style="border: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 3px solid grey; padding: 5px; vertical-align: top;" |
Right side
|-
| style="border: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 3px solid grey; padding: 5px;" | Lower left
| style="border: 1px solid black; border-bottom: 3px solid grey; padding: 5px;" | Lower middle
|-
| colspan="3" style="border: 1px solid black; text-align: center;" |
Text before a nested table...
{|
|+ ''A table in a table''
|-
| style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | [[File:Wiki.png]]
| style="text-align: center; width: 150px;" | [[File:Wiki.png]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: 1px solid red;<!--
  --> border-right: 1px solid red; border-bottom: 2px solid red;<!--
  --> border-left: 1px solid red;" |
Two Wikipedia logos
|}
...text after a nested table
|}
...text after centered table

As it appears in a browser:

Text before centered table...

An example table

First header

Second header

Upper left

Upper middle

Right side

Lower left

Lower middle

Text before a nested table...

*A table in a table*

Two Wikipedia logos

...text after a nested table

...text after centered table

Floating images in the center[edit]

A table can be used to wrap an image, so that the table can float towards the center of the page (such as using: style="float: right;"). However, the table margins, border and font-size must be precisely set to match a typical image display. The File-spec parameter |thumb (although auto-thumbnailing to user-preference width) forces a wide left-margin that squeezes the nearby text, so the parameter |center can be added to suppress the left-margin padding. However, |center sometimes shoves the caption to a 2nd line (under a centered box "[]"), so |thumb could be omitted and just hard-code the image size, adding a gray (#BBB) border. Using precise parameters to match other images, a floating-image table can be coded as follows:

{| style="float: right; border: 1px solid #BBB; margin: .46em 0 0 .2em;"
|- style="font-size: 86%;"
| style="vertical-align: top;" |[[File:DuraEuropos-TempleOfBel.jpg|180px]]<!--
  --><br /> Temple of [[Bel (mythology)|Bel]] (floating)
|}

The text inside the floating table is sized by style="font-size: 86%;". That floating-image table floats a typical image box, but allows adjusting the left-hand margin of the image (see temple-example floating below).

Temple of Bel (floating)

The dashed border around this table shows the implicit margins of Images using "thumb|right".

The caption text can be omitted, or remove the parameter "thumb|" so the caption is hidden until "mouse-over display". Unfortunately the parameter |thumb (used for displaying the caption) also controls the auto-thumbnailing to re-size images by user-preferences size. To have auto-thumbnail sizing while also concealing the caption, use |frameless|right instead of |thumb.

An image set with parameter |left has a wide right-side margin (opposite margin of parameter |right), so floating toward the left can be achieved with an image set as |center inside a table with style="float:left; margin:0.46em 0.2em;".

Recall that, outside an image-table, the parameter |right causes an image to align (either) above or below an infobox, but would not float alongside the infobox.

Note the order of precedence: first come infoboxes or images using |right, then come the floating tables, and lastly, any text wraps that can still fit. If the first word of the text is too long, no text will fit to complete the left-hand side, so beware creating a "ragged left margin" when not enough space remains for text to fit alongside floating tables.

If multiple single-image tables are stacked, they float to align across the page, depending on page width. The text squeezes to allow as many floating tables as can fit, as auto-aligned, then wrap whatever text can still fit at the left-hand side.

...by float: right

...images wrap...

All these...

That auto-aligning feature can be used to create a "floating gallery" of images: a set of 20 floating tables wrap (backward, right-to-left), as if each table were a word of text to wrap across and down the page. To wrap in the typical direction (wrapping left-to-right) define all those floating tables, instead, as left-side tables using the top parameter style="float:left; margin:0.46em 0.2em;". Multiple floating images empower more flexible typesetting of images around the text.

Combined use of COLSPAN and ROWSPAN[edit]

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Column 1 !! Column 2 !! Column 3
|-
| rowspan="2" | A
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | B
<!-- column 3 of this row occupied by cell B (which is to the left) -->
|-
<!-- column 1 of this row occupied by cell A (above) -->
| C 
| D
|-
| E
| rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;" |F
<!-- column 3 of this row occupied by cell F (to the left) -->
|-
| G 
<!-- columns 2 and 3 of this row occupied by cell F (above) -->
|-
| colspan="3" style="text-align: center;" | H
<!-- columns 2 and 3 of this row occupied by cell H (to the left) -->
|}

Column 1	Column 2	Column 3
A	B
A	C	D
E	F
G	F
H

Note that using rowspan="2" for cell G combined with rowspan="3" for cell F to get another row below G and F won't work, because all (implicit) cells would be empty. Likewise complete columns are not displayed if all their cells are empty. Borders between non-empty and empty cells might be also not displayed (depending on the browser), use   to fill an empty cell with dummy content.

Below is the same table with the order of the declared rows and cells shown in parentheses. The used rowspan and colspan are also shown.

Column 1 (row 1 cell 1)	Column 2 (row 1 cell 2)	Column 3 (row 1 cell 3)
A (row 2 cell 1) `rowspan="2"`	B (row 2 cell 2) `colspan="2"`
A (row 2 cell 1) `rowspan="2"`	C (row 3 cell 1)	D (row 3 cell 2)
E (row 4 cell 1)	F (row 4 cell 2) `rowspan="2" colspan="2"`
G (row 5 cell 1)	F (row 4 cell 2) `rowspan="2" colspan="2"`
H (row 6 cell 1) `colspan="3"`

Note that although cell C is in column 2, C is the 1st cell declared in row 3, because column 1 is occupied by cell A, which was declared in row 2. Cell G is the only cell declared in row 5, because cell F occupies the other columns but was declared in row 4.

Workarounds[edit]

Decimal point alignment[edit]

Unfortunately, the only way to align columns of numbers at the decimal point is to use two columns, with the first right-justified and the second left-justified.

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| style="border-collapse: collapse;"
| style="text-align: right;" | 432 || .1
|-
| style="text-align: right;" | 43 || .21
|-
| style="text-align: right;" | 4 || .321
|}

432	.1
43	.21
4	.321

If the column of numbers appears in a table with cell padding or cell borders, you can still align the decimal points without an unsightly gap in the middle, by forcing the border and padding between those two columns off.

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=2| Heading
|-
| style="text-align:right; border-right:none; padding-right:0;" | 432
| style="text-align:left;  border-left: none; padding-left: 0;" | .1
|-
| style="text-align:right; border-right:none; padding-right:0;" | 43
| style="text-align:left;  border-left: none; padding-left: 0;" | .21
|-
| style="text-align:right; border-right:none; padding-right:0;" | 4
| style="text-align:left;  border-left: none; padding-left: 0;" | .321
|}

Heading
432	.1
43	.21
4	.321

Or alternatively the {{decimal cell}} template can be used:

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable"
!colspan=2 |Heading
|-
| {{decimal cell|432.1}}
|-
| {{decimal cell|43.21}}
|-
| {{decimal cell|4.321}}
|}

Heading
432	.1
43	.21
4	.321

Using two columns like this does have the disadvantage that searching the web page (either with a browser or a search engine) will usually not be able to find text that straddles the column boundary.

Also, if the table has cell spacing (and thus border-collapse=separate), meaning that cells have separate borders with a gap in between, that gap will still be visible.

A cruder way to align columns of numbers is to use a figure space  , which is intended to be the width of a numeral, though is font-dependent in practice:

Wiki source

Rendered result

{|
| 432.1
|-
| &amp;#8199;43.21
|-
| &amp;#8199;&amp;#8199;4.321
|}

432.1

43.21

4.321

More companions in this line are: punctuation space ( ) to substitute a period or a comma, − instead of the easily available on the typewriter's keyboard hyphen-dash – this is the same width as the plus sign, also figure dash possibly the most useful for telephone numbers which you obviously will not find on Wikipedia.

When using OpenType fonts one may also alternate between font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums and font-variant-numeric:proportional-nums – this is especially visible in the kerning of Arabic digit ⟨1⟩. In the standard browser sans-serif fonts ⟨1⟩ occupies the same width as other digits, ie. works as if font-variant-numerals:tabular-nums was turned on.

Some may find {{0}} useful for the alignment.

As a last resort, when using pre-formatted text, you can dispense with the table feature entirely and simply start the lines with a space, and put spaces to position the numbers—however, there should be a good reason to use pre-formatted text in an article:

Wiki source (just spaces!):	Rendered result
432.1 43.21 4.321	432.1 43.21 4.321

Non-rectangular tables[edit]

{{diagonal split header|HEADER-FOR-ROW-HEADERS|HEADER-FOR-COLUMN-HEADERS}} can be used to diagonally split a header cell, as in the top-left cell below:^{[note 3]}

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable"
! {{diagonal split header|From|To}}
! Solid !! Liquid !! Gas
|-
! Solid
| Solid-solid transformation || Melting || Sublimation
|-
! Liquid
| Freezing || {{sdash}} || Boiling/evaporation
|-
! Gas
| Deposition || Condensation || {{sdash}}
|}

To From	Solid	Liquid	Gas
Solid	Solid-solid transformation	Melting	Sublimation
Liquid	Freezing	—	Boiling/evaporation
Gas	Deposition	Condensation	—

Cell borders can be hidden by adding border: none; background: none; to style attributes of either table or cell (may not work in older browsers). Another use is to implement multi-column aligned tables.

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable" style="border: none; background: none;"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="border: none; background: none;"|[[File:Pfeil_SO.svg|none|link=|20px]]
! colspan="3"| To
|-
! Solid !! Liquid !! Gas
|-
! rowspan="3"| From
! Solid
| Solid-solid transformation || Melting || Sublimation
|-
! Liquid
| Freezing || {{sdash}} || Boiling/evaporation
|-
! Gas
| Deposition || Condensation || {{sdash}}
|}

		To
		Solid	Liquid	Gas
From	Solid	Solid-solid transformation	Melting	Sublimation
	Liquid	Freezing	—	Boiling/evaporation
	Gas	Deposition	Condensation	—

Note that the removal of the link on an image is dependent on it being purely decorative (as it will be ignored by assistive devices).

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable" style="border: none; background: none;"
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Size
| rowspan="5" style="border: none; background: none;"|
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Size
| rowspan="5" style="border: none; background: none;"|
! scope="col" | Year
! scope="col" | Size
|-
| 1990 || 1000<br />(est) || 2000 || 1357 || 2010 || 1776
|-
| 1991 || 1010 || 2001 || 1471 || 2011 || 1888
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|⋮
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|⋮
| colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"|⋮
|-
| 1999 || 1234 || 2009 || 1616 || 2019 || 1997<br />(est)
|}

Year	Size	Year	Size	Year	Size
1990	1000 (est)	2000	1357	2010	1776
1991	1010	2001	1471	2011	1888
⋮		⋮		⋮
1999	1234	2009	1616	2019	1997 (est)

Centering[edit]

(see § Centering tables)

Classes[edit]

There are several other CSS classes, besides the basic class="wikitable", documented above.

In the first line of table code, after the {|, instead of specifying a style directly, you can also specify a CSS class, which may be used to apply styles. The style for this class can be specified in various ways:

in the software itself, per skin (for example the class sortable)
collectively for all users of one wiki in MediaWiki:Common.css (for example, on this and some other projects there is or was the class wikitable, later moved to shared.css)
separately per skin in MediaWiki:Monobook.css etc.
individually on one wiki in a user subpage
individually, but jointly for tables of the class concerned on all web pages, on the local computer of the user.

Instead of remembering table parameters, you just include an appropriate class after the {|. This helps keep table formatting consistent, and can allow a single change to the class to fix a problem or enhance the look of all the tables that are using it at once. For instance, this:

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| style="border-spacing: 2px;"
|+ Multiplication table
|-
! scope="col" | &times;
! scope="col" | 1
! scope="col" | 2
! scope="col" | 3
|-
! scope="row" | 1
| 1 || 2 || 3
|-
! scope="row" | 2
| 2 || 4 || 6
|-
! scope="row" | 3
| 3 || 6 || 9
|-
! scope="row" | 4
| 4 || 8 || 12
|-
! scope="row" | 5
| 5 || 10 || 15
|}

Multiplication table
×	1	2	3
1	1	2	3
2	2	4	6
3	3	6	9
4	4	8	12
5	5	10	15

becomes this:

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Multiplication table
|-
! scope="col" | &times;
! scope="col" | 1
! scope="col" | 2
! scope="col" | 3
|-
! scope="row" | 1
| 1 || 2 || 3
|-
! scope="row" | 2
| 2 || 4 || 6
|-
! scope="row" | 3
| 3 || 6 || 9
|-
! scope="row" | 4
| 4 || 8 || 12
|-
! scope="row" | 5
| 5 || 10 || 15
|}

Multiplication table
×	1	2	3
1	1	2	3
2	2	4	6
3	3	6	9
4	4	8	12
5	5	10	15

simply by replacing inline CSS for the table by class="wikitable". This is because the wikitable class in MediaWiki:Common.css contains a number of table.wikitable CSS style rules. These are all applied at once when you mark a table with the class. You can then add additional style rules if desired. These override the class's rules, allowing you to use the class style as a base and build up on it:

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable" style="font-style: italic; font-size: 120%; border: 3px dashed red;"
|+ Multiplication table
|-*
! scope="col" | &times;
! scope="col" | 1
! scope="col" | 2
! scope="col" | 3
|-
! scope="row" | 1
| 1 || 2 || 3
|-
! scope="row" | 2
| 2 || 4 || 6
|-
! scope="row" | 3
| 3 || 6 || 9
|-
! scope="row" | 4
| 4 || 8 || 12
|-
! scope="row" | 5
| 5 || 10 || 15
|}

Multiplication table
×	1	2	3
1	1	2	3
2	2	4	6
3	3	6	9
4	4	8	12
5	5	10	15

Notice that the table retains the gray background of the wikitable class, and the headers are still bold and centered. But now the text formatting has been overridden by the local style= statement; all of the text in the table has been made italic and 120% normal size, and the wikitable border has been replaced by the red dashed border.

Collapsible tables[edit]

Classes can also be used to collapse tables, so they are hidden by default. Use the class mw-collapsible to enable collapsing behaviour. Collapsible tables can be sortable, too, by also including the sortable class (see § Sortable tables). By default, a collapsible table begins expanded. To change this, add the additional class mw-collapsed. Alternatively, you can add autocollapse, instead of mw-collapsed, which will automatically collapse the table if two or more collapsible elements are present on the page.

Note: Previous versions of this article recommended the collapsible class, but mw-collapsible is now preferred. It is a feature of the MediaWiki software, not a local customization, and can be used to make any element collapsible, not just tables. mw-collapsible also does not require a header row in the table, as collapsible did. Tables will show the "[hide]" / "[show]" controls in the first row of the table (whether or not it is a header row), unless a table caption is present.(see § Tables with captions)

Example:

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible autocollapse"
|-
! Header
|-
| Content that starts hidden
|-
| more hidden content
|}

Header
Content that starts hidden
more hidden content

Without a header row[edit]

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"

First row is always visible
content that starts visible

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"

First row	this row is always visible
Second row	other rows start hidden

Tables with captions[edit]

Tables with captions will collapse to the table caption. Use {{nowrap}} to keep the caption from being fit into a tiny vertical column when the table is collapsed.

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+{{nowrap|Somewhat long table caption}}

Somewhat long table caption
Header
Content that starts hidden
more hidden content

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"
|+{{nowrap|Somewhat long table caption}}

Somewhat long table caption
Header
Content that starts hidden
more hidden content

Sortable tables[edit]

Tables can be made sortable by adding the CSS sortable; for details see Help:Sorting. Since this can be very useful, it is wise to keep the possibilities and limitations of this feature in mind when designing a table. For example:

Do not divide a table into sections by subheaders spanning several rows. Instead, an extra column can be made showing the content of these headers on each row, in a short form.
In a column of numbers, do not put text such as "ca." or "approx." before or after a number—it will break numerical sorting. Do not put any text or alphabetical characters in any cell of a column to be sorted numerically. Try not to put a range of numbers (it does not affect the sorting position for numeric sorting mode, and in the case of a range, the first number determines the position, but if, possibly after sorting this or another column, the element is at the top, it induces alphabetic sorting mode). Instead, use a "data-sort-value" to override the displayed contents in regards to its sortability for this element.

A long form of abbreviated content can be put as legend outside the table.

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Sortable table
|-
! scope="col" | Alphabetic
! scope="col" | Numeric
! scope="col" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Unsortable
|-
| d || 20 || 2008-11-24 || This
|-
| b || 8 || 2004-03-01 || column
|-
| a || 6 || 1979-07-23 || cannot
|-
| c || 4 || 1492-12-08 || be
|-
| e || 0 || 1601-08-13 || sorted.
|}

Sortable table
Alphabetic	Numeric	Date	Unsortable
d	20	2008-11-24	This
b	8	2004-03-01	column
a	6	1979-07-23	cannot
c	4	1492-12-08	be
e	0	1601-08-13	sorted.

Numerical and year sorting problems[edit]

Sorting and collapsing[edit]

It is possible to collapse a sortable table. To do so, you need to use the code {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible". Taking the above table and making it collapsible gives you this:

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+ {{nowrap|Sortable and collapsible table }}
|-
! scope="col" | Alphabetic
! scope="col" | Numeric
! scope="col" | Date
! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Unsortable
|-
| d || 20 || 2008-11-24 || This
|-
| b || 8 || 2004-03-01 || column
|-
| a || 6 || 1979-07-23 || cannot
|-
| c || 4.2 || 1492-12-08 || be
|-
| e || 0 || 1601-08-13 || sorted.
|}

Sortable and collapsible table
Alphabetic	Numeric	Date	Unsortable
d	20	2008-11-24	This
b	8	2004-03-01	column
a	6	1979-07-23	cannot
c	4.2	1492-12-08	be
e	0	1601-08-13	sorted.

If you want the table to default to collapsed state, use the code {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" in place of {| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible".

mw-datatable – row highlighting via cursor hover. White background[edit]

class="mw-datatable" allows for row highlighting. This makes it easier to follow the data and info across a row, especially in wider tables. Scroll your cursor over the tables below to see the light blue banding in the tables with class="mw-datatable".

class="mw-datatable" produces a white background for data cells; while class="wikitable" produces a gray background for data cells.

{| class="mw-datatable"
|-
! 1 !! 2 !! 3
|-
| 1-1 || 2-1 || 3-1
|-
| 1-2 || 2-2 || 3-2
|}

produces:

1	2	3
1-1	2-1	3-1
1-2	2-2	3-2

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! 1 !! 2 !! 3
|-
| 1-1 || 2-1 || 3-1
|-
| 1-2 || 2-2 || 3-2
|}

produces:

1	2	3
1-1	2-1	3-1
1-2	2-2	3-2

It can be used in combination with class wikitable for more similar styling and cell padding, while still allowing hover highlighting of rows.

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable mw-datatable"
|-
! 1 !! 2 !! 3
|-
| 1-1 || 2-1 || 3-1
|-
| 1-2 || 2-2 || 3-2
|}

1	2	3
1-1	2-1	3-1
1-2	2-2	3-2

Cells spanning multiple rows or columns[edit]

It is possible to create cells that stretch over two or more columns. For this, one uses |colspan=n | content. Similarly, one can create cells that stretch over two or more rows. This requires |rowspan=m | content. In the table code, one must leave out the cells that are covered by such a span. The resulting column- and row-counting must fit.

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!col1
!col2
!col3
!col4
|-
!row1
| colspan="2" | A
<!-- column counting: cell 'B' can not exist -->
|C
|-
!row2
|AA
|BB
|CC
|-
!row3
|AAA
| rowspan="2" | BBB
|CCC
|-
!row4
|AAAA
<!-- row counting: cell 'BBBB' can not exist -->
|CCCC
|}

col1	col2	col3	col4
row1	A		C
row2	AA	BB	CC
row3	AAA	BBB	CCC
row4	AAAA	BBB	CCCC

In the code, the cell | colspan="2" | A spans two columns. Note that, in the next column, a cell expected to contain "B" does not exist.

Similar: in the code, cell | rowspan="2" | BBB spans two rows. A cell expected to contain "BBBB" does not exist.

Section link or map link to a row anchor[edit]

To enable a section link's anchor (or a map link's anchor), referencing a specific row within a table, an id="section link anchor name" parameter needs to be added to the row start |- or <tr>:

|- id="section link anchor name"

<tr id="section link anchor name">

Note that each section link anchor name must be different from every other in the page (this includes heading names), to create valid XHTML and allow proper linking.

Example of a map link to a row

When a country label, containing a link, is clicked on the map, the link coded, for example, as [[#Table row 11|Slovenia]] that references the anchor (within the table), coded as |- id="Table row 11", makes the page scroll so selected row of the table is at the top of the browser view. Here, we use the template family {{Image label begin}}, {{Image label small}}, and {{Image label end}} to lay out such a table for us:

Clicking on a country name scrolls
the list and shows the country's data on top
Andorra ↓ Albania Austria Belarus Belgium B&H Bulgaria Croatia Czech Rep. Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg→ Mac. ←Malta Moldova Mont. Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switz- erland Ukraine United Kingdom

Countries by percent of Avaaz members per popul.
The list can be scrolled manually or interactively.

∨

# | Country | Population | Avaaz | color coded %


1	Andorra	85,000	3,316	3.90
2	Luxembourg	498,000	14,228	2.86
3	France	64,768,000	1,827,517	2.82
4	Belgium	10,423,000	292,530	2.81
5	Iceland	309,000	7,667	2.48
6	Switzerland	7,623,000	182,814	2.40
7	Malta	407,000	9,129	2.24
8	Austria	8,214,000	167,132	2.03
9	Liechtenstein	36,000	718	1.99
10	Spain	46,506,000	810,680	1.74
11	Slovenia	2,003,000	27,780	1.39
12	Sweden	9,074,000	125,248	1.38
13	Germany	81,644,000	1,082,972	1.33
14	Italy	60,749,000	796,634	1.31
15	Ireland	4,623,000	58,504	1.27
16	United Kingdom	62,348,000	781,025	1.25
17	Portugal	10,736,000	132,219	1.23
18	Netherlands	16,574,000	191,608	1.16
19	Romania	21,959,000	211,867	0.96
20	Norway	4,676,000	36,483	0.78
21	Denmark	5,516,000	41,377	0.75
22	Bulgaria	7,149,000	52,296	0.73
23	Greece	10,750,000	78,874	0.73
24	Latvia	2,218,000	14,967	0.67
25	Estonia	1,291,000	8,535	0.66
26	Croatia	4,487,000	28,950	0.65
27	Lithuania	3,545,000	21,721	0.61
28	Finland	5,255,000	28,836	0.55
29	Hungary	9,992,000	51,684	0.52
30	Poland	38,464,000	162,643	0.42
31	Slovakia	5,470,000	22,588	0.41
32	Czech Republic	10,202,000	39,358	0.39
33	Macedonia	2,072,000	3847	0.19
34	Bosnia and Herz.	4,622,000	8,436	0.18
35	Serbia	7,345,000	12,369	0.17
36	Montenegro	667,000	1,101	0.17
37	Albania	2,987,000	3,300	0.11
38	Moldova	3,732,000	2,134	0.06
39	Russia	139,390,000	62,932	0.05
40	Belarus	9,613,000	2,643	0.03
41	Ukraine	45,416,000	13,002	0.03

Row template[edit]

Regardless of whether wikitable format or HTML is used, the wikitext of the rows within a table, and sometimes even within a collection of tables, may have much in common, e.g.:

the basic code for a table row
code for color, alignment, and sorting mode
fixed texts such as units
special formats for sorting

In such a case, it can be useful to create a template that produces the syntax for a table row, with the data as parameters. This can have many advantages:

easily changing the order of columns, or removing a column
easily adding a new column if many elements of the new column are left blank (if the column is inserted and the existing fields are unnamed, use a named parameter for the new field to avoid adding blank parameter values to many template calls)
computing fields from other fields, e.g. population density from population and area
duplicating content and providing span tags with display: none; for the purpose of having one format for sorting and another for display
easy specification of a format for a whole column, such as color and alignment

Example:

Using m:Help:Table/example row template (talk, backlinks, edit)

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! scope="col" | a
! scope="col" | b
! scope="col" | a/b
{{Help:Table/example row template|  50|200}}
{{Help:Table/example row template|   8| 11}}
{{Help:Table/example row template|1000| 81}}
|}

a	b	a/b
50	200	0.25
8	11	0.72727272727273
1000	81	12.345679012346

Conditional table row[edit]

For a conditional row in a table, we can have:

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable"
 {{ #if:1|{{!}}-
  ! scope="row" {{!}} row one, column one
  {{!}}row one, column two}}
 {{ #if: |{{!}}-
  ! scope="row" {{!}} row two, column one
  {{!}}row two, column two}}
 |-
  ! scope="row" {{!}} row three, column one
  | row three, column two
|}

row one, column one	row one, column two
row three, column one	row three, column two

With comments to explain how it works, where note how the second row is missing:

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable"
 <!--
  Row one is shown because the '1' evaluates
  to TRUE.
 -->
 {{ #if:1|{{!}}-
  ! scope="row" {{!}} row one, column one
  <!--
   Any {{!}}'s are evaluated to the pipe
   character '|' since the template '!' just
   contains '|'.
  -->
  {{!}}row one, column two}}
 <!--
  Row two is NOT shown because the space
  between the ':' and the '|' evaluates to FALSE.
 -->
 {{ #if: |{{!}}-
  ! scope="row" {{!}} row two, column one
  {{!}}row two, column two}}
 <!--
  Row three is shown.
 -->
 |-
  ! scope="row" {{!}} row three, column one
  | row three, column two
|}

row one, column one	row one, column two
row three, column one	row three, column two

Other table syntax[edit]

The types of table syntax that MediaWiki supports are:

Wikicode | syntax
HTML (and XHTML)
Mixed XHTML and wikicode (Do not use)

All three are supported by MediaWiki and create (currently) valid HTML output, but the pipe syntax is the simplest. Mixed HTML and wikicode | syntax (i.e., unclosed | and |- tags) don't necessarily remain browser-supported in the future, especially on mobile devices.

See also HTML element#Tables. Note, however, that the thead, tbody, tfoot, colgroup, and col elements are currently not supported in MediaWiki, as of July 2015^[update].

Comparison of table syntax[edit]

XHTML Wiki-pipe

Table <table>...</table> {| ... |}

Caption <caption>caption</caption> |+ caption

Header cell

<th scope="col">column header</th>

<th scope="row">row header</th>

! scope="col" | column header

! scope="row" | row header

Row <tr>...</tr> |-

Data cell

<td>cell1</td><td>cell2</td>
<td>cell3</td>

| cell1 || cell2 || cell3

or
| cell1
| cell2
| cell3

Cell attribute <td style="font-size: 87%;">cell1</td> | style="font-size: 87%;" | cell1

Sample table

1	2
3	4

<table>
 <tr>
 <td>1</td>
 <td>2</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>3</td>
 <td>4</td>
 </tr>
</table>

{|
| 1 || 2
|-
| 3 || 4
|}

Pros

Can preview or debug with any XHTML editor
Can be indented for easier reading
Well-known
Insensitive to newlines
No characters like "|", which can collide with template and parser function syntax

Easy to write
Easy to read
Takes little space
Can be learned quickly

Cons

Tedious
Takes a lot of space
Difficult to read quickly
Debugging more difficult because of tag pairing requirements
Indented code might not match nesting.
Confusing newline behaviour as they only occasionally break cells.

Unfamiliar syntax for experienced HTML editors
Rigid structure
Cannot be indented for clarity
HTML tag text may be easier to read than pipes, plus signs, dashes, etc.
Requires using {{!}} to pass a | character in a parameter.
Sensitive to newlines; see Help:Newlines and spaces.

XHTML Wiki-pipe

Pipe syntax in terms of the HTML produced[edit]

The pipe syntax, developed by Magnus Manske, substitutes pipes ( | ) and other symbols for HTML. There is an online script, which converts HTML tables to pipe-syntax tables.

The pipes must start at the beginning of a new line, except when separating parameters from content or when using || to separate cells on a single line. The parameters are optional.

Tables[edit]

A table is defined by {| parameters |}, which generates <table params>...</table>.

Rows[edit]

For each table, an HTML <tr> tag is generated for the first row. To start a new row, use:

|-

which generates another <tr>.

Parameters can be added like this:

|- params

which generates <tr params>.

Note:

<tr> tags are automatically opened before the first <td> equivalent
<tr> tags are automatically closed at another <tr> equivalent and at the </table> equivalent

Cells[edit]

Cells are generated either like this:

|cell1
|cell2
|cell3

or like this:

|cell1||cell2||cell3

which both generate:

<td>cell1</td><td>cell2</td><td>cell3</td>.

The || equals a newline + | .

Parameters in cells can be used like this:

|params|cell1||params|cell2||params|cell3

which results in:

<td params>cell1</td>
<td params>cell2</td>
<td params>cell3</td>

Headers[edit]

The code used produces a <th>...</th>, functioning the same way as <td>...</td>, but with different style and semantic meaning. A ! character is used instead of the opening | , and !! can be used like ||, to enter multiple headers on the same line. Parameters still use "|", though. Example:

!params|cell1

Captions[edit]

A <caption> tag is created by |+caption which generates the HTML <caption>caption</caption>.

You can also use parameters: |+params|caption which generates <caption params>caption</caption>.

Table cell templates[edit]

{{Table cell templates}} provide a set of templates to configure text and color in cells in a standard way, producing stock output such as "Yes", "No", and "n/a", on coloured backgrounds.

Vertically oriented column headers[edit]

Sometimes it is desirable (such as in a table predominantly made of numbers) to rotate text such that it proceeds from top to bottom or bottom to top instead of from left to right or right to left. Formerly, browser support for this type of styling as a component of HTML or CSS was sporadic (Internet Explorer was one of the few browsers that supports this in cascading stylesheets, albeit in a non-standard way).

Enclose the text of each heading in a {{vertical header}} template. For example:

! {{vertical header|Date/Page}}

If the text includes an equals sign then replace it with {{=}}.

Rotated column headers using `{{vertical header}}`
Date/Page	VG: Project	VG: Talk	VG: Portal	VG: Article guidelines	VG: Templates	VG: Sources	VG: Assessment	VG: Cleanup	VG Requests
05/08	4266	7828	7282	1105	224	161	916	506	231
04/08	4127	6190	6487	1139	241	205	1165	478	301

An alternative solution that works in most if not all browsers is to use images in place of the text. For instance, the following table uses SVG images instead of text to produce the rotated column headers:

Rotated column headers using images

05/08	4266	7828	7282	1105	224	161	916	506	231
04/08	4127	6190	6487	1139	241	205	1165	478	301

Normally, one problem with this approach is that readers are directed to different pages when they click on the images. To eliminate this problem—or to direct readers to a different page—you can use the |link= parameter of the File: specification. A column header can be coded as follows:

! [[File:wpvg vg project.svg |alt=VG: Project |link='''Wikipedia:WikiProject Video games''']]

The image wikilinks to the page Wikipedia:WikiProject Video games.

By setting the link to an empty string (e.g. [[File:wpvg hd date page.svg |link=]]), no navigation occurs when visitors click on an image. Note that it might also be a good idea to color the image text blue if you are using the images as links. Also, SVG is the preferred image format in this case because it can be re-scaled to any size while producing fewer artifacts.

A more serious potential problem is that the "rotated text" is not text that can be used by screen readers and other technologies for visually disabled users. So those users wouldn't be able to "read" the column headers. Also, automated search engine Web crawlers would not be able to read it either. This is solved by always using the |alt= parameter in the File: specification of each image to provide the same text as in the rotated image; see |alt=VG: Project in the example above.

Wikitable as image gallery[edit]

A wikitable can be used to display side-by-side images, in the manner similar to that of an image gallery (formatted by <gallery>...</gallery>), but with larger images and less vacant area around photos.

A simple, framed gallery can be formatted using class="wikitable" to generate the minimal thin lines around images within the table:

 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
 |<!--col1-->[[File:Worms 01.jpg|130px]]
 |<!--col2-->[[File:Worms Wappen 2005-05-27.jpg|125px]]
 |<!--col3-->[[File:Liberty-statue-with-manhattan.jpg|125px]]
 |<!--col4-->[[File:New-York-Jan2005.jpg|125px]]
 |-
 |<!--col1-->Nibelungen Bridge to Worms
 |<!--col2-->Worms and its sister cities
 |<!--col3-->Statue of Liberty
 |<!--col4-->New York City
 |}<!--end wikitable-->


Nibelungen Bridge to Worms	Worms and its sister cities	Statue of Liberty	New York City

An advantage of wikitable image galleries, compared to <gallery> formatting, is the ability to "square" each image when similar heights are needed, so consider putting two-number image sizes (such as 199x95px), where the second number limits height:

 {| class="wikitable"
 |<!--col1-->[[File:Worms 01.jpg|199x95px]]
 |<!--col2-->[[File:Worms Wappen 2005-05-27.jpg|199x95px]]
 |<!--col3-->[[File:Liberty-statue-with-manhattan.jpg|199x95px]]
 |<!--col4-->[[File:New-York-Jan2005.jpg|100x95px]]<!--smaller-->
 |-
 |<!--col1-->Nibelungen Bridge to Worms
 |<!--col2-->Worms and its sister cities
 |<!--col3-->Statue of Liberty
 |<!--col4-->New York City
 |}

Note the three images sized 199x95px appear identical height, of 95px (the fourth image purposely smaller). The "95px" forces height, while 199x fits the various widths (it could even be 999x):


Nibelungen Bridge to Worms	Worms and its sister cities	Statue of Liberty	New York City

Therefore, the use of size 199x95px (or 999x95px, or whatever) produces the auto-height-sizing beyond the <gallery> tag, and with the option to set taller thumbnails (199x105px), or even to have some images purposely smaller than other images of 95px height. A very short height (e.g. 70px) allows many more images across the table:

 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
 |<!--col1-->[[File:Worms 01.jpg|199x70px]]
 |<!--col2-->[[File:Gold star on blue.gif|199x70px]]
 |<!--col3-->[[File:Worms Wappen 2005-05-27.jpg|199x70px]]
 |<!--col4-->[[File:Gold star on deep red.gif|199x70px]]
 |<!--col5-->[[File:Liberty-statue-with-manhattan.jpg|199x70px]]
 |<!--col6-->[[File:Gold star on blue.gif|199x70px]]
 |<!--col7-->[[File:New-York-Jan2005.jpg|199x70px]]<!--same height-->
 |-
 |}

The above wikitable-coding produces the result below, of 7 columns:

Once images have been placed in a wikitable, control of formatting can be adjusted when more images are added.

Shifting/centering[edit]

Images within a wikitable can be shifted by inserting non-breaking spaces ( ) before or after the image code (e.g.,  [[Image:...]]). However, auto-centering simply requires use of the |center parameter (see WP:Extended image syntax#Location).

In the example below, note how Col2 uses |center, but Col3 uses  :

 {| class="wikitable"
 |-
 |<!--Col1-->[[File:Domtoren vanaf Brigittenstraat.jpg|299x125px]]
 |<!--Col2-->[[File:Utrecht 003.jpg|299x125px|center]]
 |<!--Col3-->&nbsp;[[File:Uitzicht--Domtoren.jpg|299x125px]]&nbsp;
 |-
 |<!--Col1-->Dom tower from Brigittenstraat
 |<!--Col2-->Cloister garth of the Utrecht Dom Church
 |<!--Col3-->&nbsp;&nbsp;<small>View from bell tower</small>
 |}

The above coding generates the table below: note the middle garden image is centered (but not the left image), and the right image has 2 spaces before "View...", to give an approximation of centering:


Dom tower from Brigittenstraat	Cloister garth of the Utrecht Dom Church	View from bell tower

Also note that the tag <small>...</small> made a smaller-text-size caption. Fonts also can be sized by percent (style="font-size: 87%;"), where the exact percent-size as displayed depends on the various sizes allowed for a particular font; the browser will approximate to the nearest possible size.

 | style="font-size: 87%;" | View from bell tower

The column attribute, above, uses style= to set the font size for the caption, following the second pipe symbol.

A font-size: 65%; is excessively small, while font-size: 87%; is a mid-size font, slightly larger than that produced by the tag <small>.

Indenting tables[edit]

While tables should not normally be indented, when their surrounding paragraphs are also indented, you can indent tables using one or more colons (":", the normal indent code) at the beginning of a line, the same way you'd indent any other wiki content.

Note that indentation applied to only the first line of the table definition (the line that begins with "{|") is sufficient to indent the entire table. Do not attempt to use colons for indentation anywhere within the rest of the table code (not even at the beginning of a line), as that will prevent the MediaWiki software from correctly reading the code for the table.

Wiki source

Rendered result

:{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Header 1
! Header 2
|-
| row 1, cell 1
| row 1, cell 2
|-
| row 2, cell 1
| row 2, cell 2
|}

Header 1	Header 2
row 1, cell 1	row 1, cell 2
row 2, cell 1	row 2, cell 2

The same table without indentation would be like this:

Wiki source

Rendered result

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Header 1
! Header 2
|-
| row 1, cell 1
| row 1, cell 2
|-
| row 2, cell 1
| row 2, cell 2
|}

Header 1	Header 2
row 1, cell 1	row 1, cell 2
row 2, cell 1	row 2, cell 2

Adding flags and linking country names in country lists[edit]

This is fast. It works with compact or long table wikitext. Single or double bars between cells.

Note: User:PrimeHunter (Talk) provided the code. Ask him for help.

Note: In editing preferences check the box: "enable the editing toolbar. This is sometimes called the '2010 wikitext editor'."

Make sure the countries, states, provinces, or cities, etc. are in the first column. The regular expression wraps all the text in the first cell of each row with the {{flaglist}} template. {{flaglist|Country name}} So do this before adding any styling to the first column.

Click on the wikitext source editing link. Click on "Advanced" in the editing toolbar. Then click on the search and replace icon on the right. Put a check in the box called "Treat search string as a regular expression." Fill in the "Search for" box with:
(\|-.*\n\|\s*)([^\|\n]*)
Fill in the "replace with" box with:
$1{{flaglist|$2}}
Then click "Replace all". Nearly all countries will be linked and will have flags.

For the red links create redirects as necessary to the correct country data templates. Save this initial table permanently in a user sandbox without overwriting it. This is so that the redirects are kept due to being in use on that sandbox page. Otherwise, admins will delete unused redirects, and you will have to do this tedious, time-consuming redirect task every time you fully update the table. In the edit summary of such redirects, add something like this: "Please do not delete this redirect. It is sometimes used in updates of [[NAME OF ARTICLE WITH TABLE]]."

Aligning the data in data columns to the right[edit]

Basic table
Header	Header	Header
Text	data	data
Text	data	data
Text	data	data

style=text-align:right
Header	Header	Header
Text	data	data
Text	data	data
Text	data	data

If most columns consist of data cells, then you might choose to align the data to the right. It is easy. Just add style=text-align:right to the top line of the wikitext for the table:

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right

or

{| class="wikitable sortable mw-datatable" style=text-align:right

and so on.

Aligning the text in the first column to the left[edit]

This can be done in the wikitext source editor. In editing preferences check the box: "enable the editing toolbar. This is sometimes called the '2010 wikitext editor'."

In the table section click "edit source" (wikitext editing). Click on "Advanced" in the editing toolbar. Then click on the search and replace icon on the right. In the popup form check the box for "Treat search string as a regular expression".

Fill in the "Search for" box with (\|-\n\|). Fill in the "replace with" box with

$1style=text-align:left|

Then click "Replace all". All the text in the first column will be aligned to the left of their cells.

If for some reason those cells are header cells, then fill in the "Search for" box with (\|-\n\!). Note the exclamation point for a header cell. Fill in the "replace with" box with

$1style=text-align:left|.

Then click "Replace all".

Converting spreadsheets and database tables to wikitable format[edit]

See also the Visual Editor section farther down, and the spreadsheet info there.

To convert from spreadsheets (such as those produced by Gnumeric, Microsoft Excel, or LibreOffice/OpenOffice.org/StarOffice Calc), you can use the Copy & Paste Excel-to-Wiki converter, or the MediaWiki Tables Generator.

You can save spreadsheets as .csv and use the CSV to Wikitable converter. Another version is here.

The CSV Converter converts comma-separated values (CSV) format to table wikitext or to HTML. See (documentation). You may use this to import tables from both spreadsheets and databases (such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, FileMaker, Microsoft SQL Server & Access, Oracle, DB2, etc.).

Tables and the Visual Editor (VE)[edit]

See also: mw: Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing tables. And see: Commons:Convert tables and charts to wiki code or image files.

See Phab: T108245: "Fully support basic table editing in the visual editor". See the list of tasks. Finished tasks are ~~struck~~. It can be difficult to figure out from the technical language there what exactly has been improved, or what features have been added. Please add explanatory info below.

Sandboxes help a lot. For example; your user page: Special:MyPage. Create and bookmark some personal sandboxes too. Visual Editor will load very fast in empty sandboxes: Special:MyPage/Sandbox, Special:MyPage/Sandbox2, Special:MyPage/Sandbox3. As many as you want. Share the link when asking for help. To find all your sandboxes: Special:PrefixIndex/User: – click link, add user name to the spot labeled "Display pages with prefix:".

Insert blank row or column[edit]

Click on a column or row header. Then click on the arrow. From the popup menu click on "Insert".

Move or delete columns and rows[edit]

Click on a column or row header. Then click on the arrow. From the popup menu click on "Move" or "Delete".

Copy column from one table to another[edit]

This is useful for many things. For example; for quickly updating country lists, or adding/updating a rank column. See Help:Sorting about rank columns and row numbers. See also: Commons:Convert tables and charts to wiki code or image files. See the section on updating List of countries by incarceration rate.

Launch the Visual Editor. In the column you are copying click the header cell or whatever top cell you want. Then shift-click a cell farther down or at the end of the column. This will select the column down to that cell. Then click "copy" from the edit menu of your browser. In some browsers you can do this from the popup context menu. Then click any blank spot on the page to deselect the column.

Go to the column you want to replace or fill in (in this table or another one). Be sure visual editor has been launched. If you are copying the whole column including the header cell select just the header cell for that column by clicking on it. Then click "paste" from the edit menu of your browser. You can paste into a blank column the same way. Just select the header cell. Then from your browser: edit menu > paste.

Or you can select part of a column and paste into it. For example; if you don't want to replace the header cell.

Note: The Visual Editor will copy templates (as in a column of country/state/province names with flag templates), but it will not copy inline styling such as styling used to left align those names. That can be added back all at once in any text editor. For example; if the flag template is the only template in the table, then replace {{ with style=text-align:left|{{

Copy or delete multiple rows[edit]

Click on the top corner cell of the area you want to select. Then shift-click on the opposite top corner cell in the same row. Then go straight down and shift-click on the bottom corner cell on the same side of the area you want to select. You will now have a rectangle or square selected of the table.

Click on "copy" or "cut" as needed from the edit menu of your browser. "Delete" will not work for multiple rows and columns.

Click on the top left corner cell of the area you want to paste into in a table. Then click "paste" from the edit menu of your browser. It can take from a few seconds to up to a minute for very large areas. You might want to do this work in a sandbox first. Then save and edit further before putting anything in an article.

"Cut" will empty the selected cells. It does not delete them. Once empty though it is very easy to delete all the empty cells, rows, and columns in the source editor. Switch over to it by clicking the arrow at the top right of the editing window.

It may be even faster to use the Visual Editor to copy the parts you want from the table into a new blank table.

Copy table from web page to Visual Editor[edit]

It is now possible to copy and paste some tables from a web page directly into the Visual Editor (VE). Not all tables work. Use an empty sandbox to do this most quickly. Save it, and edit further before pasting it into an article.

Select the table on the web page. Then click "copy" from the edit menu of your browser. In some browsers you can do this from the popup context menu. Launch visual editor on any page. Then paste the table into the page.

If that does not work, click on the insert menu, and then "table". It usually has the first header in the table selected. Then click on "paste" from the edit menu of your browser. It may take awhile for the table to show up. It can take 3 seconds, or up to a minute for very large tables.

Copy table from web to Excel2Wiki to wikitext editor to VE[edit]

For copying web page tables that can't be copied directly into the Visual Editor (as described in the previous section): Try copying the table into Excel2Wiki. Click "convert". Copy and paste the table wikitext into the wikitext editor. Save. Do further editing in VE.

Copy list (not in table) to Excel2Wiki to wikitext editor to VE[edit]

Paste any list (text and/or numbers) into Excel2Wiki. Click "convert". Copy and paste the table wikitext into the wikitext editor. Save. Do further editing in VE. For example; add more columns, or copy the column and paste it into other tables. Before pasting a list into Excel2Wiki you may want to remove a block of text. Some text editors can do this when text is set to a fixed-width font such as Courier New. For example; freeware NoteTab Light: Modify menu > Block > Cut. Fill in popup form with starting column, block width, block rows. Click OK and that rectangle of text is removed. This saves a lot of time.

Sort alphabetically or numerically with free spreadsheet and VE[edit]

Note: For more info see Help:Sorting. See the section on putting a table in initial alphabetical order.

Many things can be done in spreadsheet programs that can not be done in the visual editor. Select and copy a table right off of a page (do not go into the wikitext or the HTML). Paste the table into a spreadsheet program such as freeware LibreOffice Calc (see free guide [1]), or another spreadsheet program. See List of spreadsheet software.

In Calc click on any cell in the column you want sorted, and then click on one of the sort options in the data menu at the top of the Calc window. Click on "ascending" or "descending" to sort alphabetically or numerically depending on the column contents. Click on "sort" for more options.

To move the header row(s) back up to the top: Select the entire row(s). To select the entire row(s) click on the Calc numbered columns located on the far left of any sheet. Press and hold ALT key. Left click and hold any cell within that section (row numbers won't work). Using the mouse drag and drop the source row(s) to its destination. Release the mouse button.

Paste that sorted table (or just the selected columns of interest) into a new table in Visual Editor. Copy directly from the spreadsheet, and then paste directly into a new Visual Editor table where the first header cell has been selected. It may take up to a minute.

Copy table from PDF to Visual Editor[edit]

Upload PDF to free online PDF-to-Excel site. For example; here. Download the Excel file. Open it in freeware LibreOffice Calc or another spreadsheet program. If you just want one table from a long Excel page, you can select that table from the Calc page. Then copy the table to a new page in Calc.

Edit and move columns and rows in Calc. To drag a column first select it by clicking its header number. Then press and hold the ALT key. Then click a data cell, and drag the column to a new location. Or right click and delete the selected column (no need for ALT key). Rows are similarly moved (with the ALT key pressed), or deleted. Sort as described in the previous section.

Copy the table to a wiki sandbox. In Calc select the table. Copy directly from it, and then paste into a new Visual Editor table where the first header cell has been selected. It may take up to a minute.

Add commas or periods to separate every third digit in numbers[edit]

Countries use commas, periods, and spaces to separate every third digit in numbers.

To replace spaces with commas or periods, paste the list, row, or column into a text editor (Notepad for example). Use replace (from edit menu in Notepad). See previous sections to learn how to copy that corrected list into a table.

If you are already in a spreadsheet use find-and-replace after selecting the column or row in question.

If there is no separator between every third digit, then paste the list, row, or column into a spreadsheet (LibreOffice Calc for example). To do that click the first column head in the blank spreadsheet. This will select that column. Then click paste from the edit menu of Calc. From the popup box click "fixed width". Uncheck everything else. Click OK. This will paste it into the first column. In Calc save it in the default .ods format. This will allow the next step.

Then select the column by clicking its header. Click "number format" from the format menu. Then click "thousands separator" from the submenu. This will add commas or periods depending on the default language you have selected in Calc for the locale setting. (tools menu > options > language settings > languages > formats > locale settings). For example; with English you might select USA, UK, South Africa, or one of the many other English speaking countries that are listed for English. Copy that column to a Wikipedia table via VE.

Consider also a parser function {{Formatnum}}, a template {{Number format}} and familiarizing yourself with Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers.

Round off numbers (usually to zero decimal places)[edit]

Most of the time, especially with dollars and cents, the data is more useful to readers when rounded off to no decimal places.

It is easy to do in a spreadsheet. For example; in LibreOffice Calc select the column by clicking the very top of its column. Then go to the Format menu > Cells. A popup will show up. Click the "Number" category. Choose the number of decimal places (zero if you don't want any decimal points). You can also choose from the example list.

That popup page is also where you choose a thousands separator or not. Choosing from the example list will also check or uncheck that box. When done copy that table or column to a Wikipedia table via VE.

Notes[edit]

^ border: none; avoids an unsightly empty column in tables narrower than the browser window on Android Chrome.
^ In style="padding: 3em 4em 5%;", the value 4em is used for both the "left" padding and the "right" padding, so the order going clockwise is: top (3em) → right [and hence also left] (4em) → bottom (5%); there is no "→ left" in this case because the "left" padding has already been defined. In style="padding: 3em 5%;", the value 3em is used for both the "top" and "bottom" padding while the value 5% is used for both the "left" and "right" padding, so the order going clockwise is: top [and hence also bottom] (3em) → right [and hence also left] (5%); there is no "→ bottom" nor is there "→ left" in this case because the "bottom" and "left" padding have already been defined. The same reasoning also applies to style="padding: 1em 20px 8% 9em;", and style="padding: 3%;".
^ A simplified version of Template:Table_of_phase_transitions

External links[edit]

VBA-Macro for EXCEL tableconversion, published in German Wikipedia project (English translation included)
HTML tables to wiki converter at WMF Labs
Copy & Paste Excel-to-Wiki converter at WMF Labs
Tables Generator - Mediawiki, a WYSIWYG table generator
Wikitable Editor, a visual table editor in wiki code
HTML-WikiConverter, various versions and languages
pywikipediabot, can convert HTML tables to wiki
Table of CSS color names and HEX codes
Phabricator request for floating table headers

Wikimedia sister projects[edit]

Editing Wikitext/Tables at Wikibooks
Editing Wikitext/Tables Ready to Use at Wikibooks
mw:Help:Tables: MediaWiki help page on tables.
m:Wiki markup tables: Meta-Wiki information on tables.
m:Help:Sorting: Meta-Wiki information on sortable tables.
m:Table background colors: MediaWiki background colors table.
Commons:Chart and graph resources: Chart and graph resources at Commons
Commons:Convert tables and charts to wiki code or image files: includes information on converting table markup.

[1] border: none; avoids an unsightly empty column in tables narrower than the browser window on Android Chrome.

[2] In style="padding: 3em 4em 5%;", the value 4em is used for both the "left" padding and the "right" padding, so the order going clockwise is: top (3em) → right [and hence also left] (4em) → bottom (5%); there is no "→ left" in this case because the "left" padding has already been defined. In style="padding: 3em 5%;", the value 3em is used for both the "top" and "bottom" padding while the value 5% is used for both the "left" and "right" padding, so the order going clockwise is: top [and hence also bottom] (3em) → right [and hence also left] (5%); there is no "→ bottom" nor is there "→ left" in this case because the "bottom" and "left" padding have already been defined. The same reasoning also applies to style="padding: 1em 20px 8% 9em;", and style="padding: 3%;".

[3] A simplified version of Template:Table_of_phase_transitions

[note 1]

[note 2]

[note 3]

Wikipedia help pages
*Visit the Teahouse* or the Help desk for an interactive Q & A forum. FAQs (?) Reference desks (?) Noticeboards (?) Cheatsheet (?) Directories (?)**
About Wikipedia (?)	Administration Purpose Principles Policies and guidelines What Wikipedia is not Disclaimer (parental advice) Making requests Who writes Wikipedia?
Help for readers (?)	FAQ Books Copyright Glossary Mobile access Navigation Other languages Searching Students Viewing media
Contributing to Wikipedia (?)	Advice for young editors Avoiding common mistakes Etiquette Simplified Manual of Style Simplified rule-set "Ignore all rules" "The rules are principles" Style-tips Tip of the day Your first article (article wizard)
Getting started (?)	Why create an account? Introductions by topic Graphics tutorials Picture tutorial IRC (live chat) tutorial VisualEditor user guide
Dos and don'ts (?)	Accessibility Biographies Biographies (living) Categorization Consensus Discussions Disambiguation Images Leads Links Lists References Tables Titles (of articles)
How-to pages and information pages (?)	Appealing blocks Article deletion Categories Citations/references Referencing for beginners Citation Style 1 Cite errors References and page numbers Convert Diff Editing Minor edit toolbar edit conflict Find sources Files Footnotes Image deletion Infoboxes Linking (link color) Logging in Merging Page name Renaming pages Redirect Passwords Email confirmation Reverting Simple vandalism cleanup Talk pages (archiving) User contributions WP search protocol
Coding (?)	Wiki markup Barcharts Calculations Characters Columns Hidden text HTML Lists Magic words Music symbols Sections Sounds Tables Templates Transclusion URL Visual files
Directories (?)	Abbreviations Contents (Encyclopedia proper) Departments Editor's index Essays FAQs Glossary Guidelines Manual of Style Policies Tasks Tips Tools
Missing Manual Ask for help on your talk page (?)

v t e Wikipedia technical help
Get personal technical help at the Teahouse, Help desk, Village pump (technical), talk pages or IRC.
General technical help	Browser notes Bypass cache Keyboard shortcuts Troubleshooting Editing CharInsert Edit conflict Edit toolbar Reverting How to create a page IRC Tutorial Mobile access Multilingual support Page history Page information Page name Help Printing Software notices Editnotice Special Characters Entering User access levels VisualEditor User guide
Special page-related	Special page help Edit filter Emailing users Logging in Reset passwords Logs Moving a page Fixing cut-and-paste moves Notifications/Echo FAQ Page Curation Page import Pending changes Random pages Recent changes Related changes Searching Linksearch Tags User contributions Watchlist What links here
Wikitext	Wikitext Cheatsheet Columns Line-break handling Lists Magic words For beginners Conditional expressions Switch parser function Time function Redirects Sections and TOCs Tables Introduction Basics Advanced table formatting Collapsing Conditional tables Sorting Using colours
Links and diffs	Links Interlanguage Interwiki Permanent Diffs Simplest diff guide Simple diff and link guide Complete diff and link guide Colon trick Link color Magic links Pipe trick URLs
Media files: images, videos and sounds	Media help Files Creation and usage Moving files to Commons Images Introduction to images Picture tutorial Preparing images for upload Uploading images Options to hide an image Extended image syntax SVG help Gallery tag Graphics tutorials Basic bitmap image editing How to improve image quality Graphics Lab resources Sound file markup Visual file markup
Other graphics	Family trees Graphs and charts How to create Barcharts To scale charts Math formulas Math symbols LaTeX symbols Rendering math Musical scores Musical symbols Timeline EasyTimeline syntax WikiHiero syntax
Templates and Lua modules	Templates Advanced template coding Template documentation Template index Template limits Template sandbox and test cases Citation templates Lua help Lua project Resources To do Substitution Purge Job queue Transclusion Labeled section Guide to Scribbling
Data structure	Namespaces Main/Article Category Draft File File description page Help Portal Project/Wikipedia Talk Archiving Template User User page design MediaWiki Bug reports and feature requests System message TimedMediaHandler extension Module Special
HTML and CSS	Cascading Style Sheets HTML in wikitext Catalogue of CSS classes Common.js and common.css User CSS for monospaced coding font Classes in Ambox Classes in microformats Markup validation Span tags Useful styles
Customisation and tools	Preferences Gadgets Skins Citation tools Cleaning up vandalism tools Customizing watchlists Hide pages IRC Scripts User scripts Guide Techniques User style Tools Alternative browsing Browser tools Editing tools Navigation shortcuts Optimum tool set Wikimedia Cloud Services Beta Features at MediaWiki
Automated editing	AfC helper script AutoWikiBrowser Bots Creating HotCat Huggle Navigation popups RedWarn Twinkle WPCleaner Inactive igloo STiki
See also: Category:Wikipedia how-to Category:Wikipedia information pages Further navigation at: Help pages Administrators Accessibility Accounts Bots Referencing Citation metadata Templates User scripts

Table 1. Long caption to test for problems in mobile portrait mode.
Name	Color
Fred	Orange
Bob	Green
Lindy	Yellow

Table 2. Long caption to test for problems in mobile portrait mode.
Animal	State
Raccoon	Maine
Whale	Alaska
Manta Ray	Florida

Table 1
Name	Color
Fred	Orange
Bob	Green
Lindy	Yellow

Table 2
Animal	State
Raccoon	Maine
Whale	Alaska
Manta Ray	Florida

Help:Table

Using the toolbar[edit]

Basic table markup summary[edit]

HTML attributes[edit]

Pipe syntax tutorial[edit]

Rendering the pipe[edit]

Scope[edit]

Examples[edit]

Simple straightforward tables[edit]

Minimalist table[edit]

Multiplication table[edit]

Whole table operations[edit]

Captions and summaries[edit]

Width, height[edit]

Setting borders[edit]

Positioning[edit]

Side by side tables[edit]

Side by side tables and images[edit]

Floating table[edit]

Centering tables[edit]

Nested tables[edit]

Scrolling[edit]

Color; scope of parameters[edit]

Cell operations[edit]

Setting cell parameters[edit]

Vertical alignment in cells[edit]

Cell content indenting and padding[edit]

Individual cell borders[edit]

Row operations[edit]

Height[edit]

Border[edit]

Alignment[edit]

Indexing[edit]

Column operations[edit]

Setting column widths[edit]

Nowrap[edit]

Tooltips[edit]

More complex examples[edit]

Mélange[edit]

Floating images in the center[edit]

Combined use of COLSPAN and ROWSPAN[edit]

Workarounds[edit]

Decimal point alignment[edit]

Non-rectangular tables[edit]

Centering[edit]

Classes[edit]

Collapsible tables[edit]

Without a header row[edit]

Tables with captions[edit]

Sortable tables[edit]

Numerical and year sorting problems[edit]

Sorting and collapsing[edit]

mw-datatable – row highlighting via cursor hover. White background[edit]

Cells spanning multiple rows or columns[edit]

Section link or map link to a row anchor[edit]

Row template[edit]

Conditional table row[edit]

Other table syntax[edit]

Comparison of table syntax[edit]

Pipe syntax in terms of the HTML produced[edit]

Tables[edit]

Rows[edit]

Cells[edit]

Headers[edit]

Captions[edit]

Table cell templates[edit]

Vertically oriented column headers[edit]

Wikitable as image gallery[edit]

Shifting/centering[edit]

Indenting tables[edit]

Adding flags and linking country names in country lists[edit]

Aligning the data in data columns to the right[edit]

Aligning the text in the first column to the left[edit]

Converting spreadsheets and database tables to wikitable format[edit]

Tables and the Visual Editor (VE)[edit]

Insert blank row or column[edit]

Move or delete columns and rows[edit]

Copy column from one table to another[edit]

Copy or delete multiple rows[edit]

Copy table from web page to Visual Editor[edit]