The Anti-Semitic Attack that wasn’t
I'm happy to run this story about a serious assault on a Jewish man, but the question is whether it was anti-semitic or not. It would appear that what was a drug related attack has been elevated, for entirely cynical reasons into being an anti-Semitic attack. We should remember that whilst all anti-Semitic attacks are made on Jews, not all attacks on Jews are anti-Semitic.
tony greenstein
Guest Post: Gavin Lewis
Gavin Lewis is a freelance British mixed-race writer and academic. He has published in Britain, Australia and the United States on film, media, politics, cultural theory, race and representation. He has taught critical theory, film and cultural studies at a number of British universities.
Coverage of the
Moshe Fuerste assault reveals deep-seated media prejudice.
‘This was not an anti-Semitic attack’, a family friend of Fuerst’s was reported as saying. ‘They might have said something about him being Jewish—but it all started because of drugs. He smokes a lot of weed.’
Reporting the incident
While out in a group of four
teenage Jewish friends, Moshe Fuerst was involved in an incident during which
he suffered a ‘bleed on the brain’ (media accounts of his injury vary from
‘serious head injury’ to ‘fractured skull’). The Guardian chose to headline the story ‘suspected antisemitic attack’.
However, the Jewish Chronicle (JC),
which was the Guardian’s cited source,
initially reported Fuerst’s father’s assertions that this had actually been
drug-related violence; it later took down its original online report entirely, and
instead ran with an anti-Semitism claim. Israel’s Haaretz, though, ran the original JC story, which is still
available: ‘This was not an anti-Semitic attack’, a family friend of Fuerst’s
was reported as saying. ‘They might have said something about him being Jewish—but
it all started because of drugs. He smokes a lot of weed.’ Fuerst’s father, Rabbi
Michael Fuerst, told the JC in an exclusive interview that he would not be
surprised if the attack on Saturday night came after a disagreement over
cannabis. ‘He is on the fringes of society and that is what kids on the fringe
do’, Rabbi Fuerst said. ‘He was not involved in hard drugs—he’s not any
different to any other middle classes’.
At trial, ‘Judge Prowse
said that “throwaway remarks that were anti-Semitic were made”, but ruled the
victims weren’t attacked because they were Jewish, saying they were simply “in
the wrong place at the wrong time”’. Ian Rushton, deputy chief crown prosecutor
at the Crown Prosecution Service for the North West, said:
We
considered very carefully what each of the victims reported the two attackers
saying during the incident, and we have studied the available CCTV. None of the
victims reported that racist or religiously abusive language was used by the
offenders and there is no clear evidence from the statement or CCTV to prove to
the court that they demonstrated or were motivated by racial or religious
hostility.
This material was never used to update the Guardian’s original story page, which to
this day continues to label the attack as anti-Semitic violence
Despite the fact that anti-Semitism as a motivation for the attack was unsubstantiated by any official source, the paper referred to the two accused as ‘the hate attackers’. |
Moshe Fuerst
One report, which later
disappeared from the news site but is still available via the website of one of
the MEN’s local sister papers, The Bury
Times, claimed that it was a case of young teenagers ‘set upon by a gang of
men’—by inference many fully grown adults victimising a smaller number of
teenagers. Like several other news outlets, Israel’s National News revised the figure down to a ‘gang of three men’. The
MEN conceded that it was actually a ‘gang of three youths’—so, not adults. By the time the case went to trial, it
turned out—as the MEN had to further concede—to be two youths in a
confrontation with, er, a ‘gang?’ of four Jewish youths. Despite the fact that
anti-Semitism as a motivation for the attack was unsubstantiated by any official
source, the paper referred to the two accused youths as ‘the hate attackers’. The
extent of some of these hyped claims is still evident, and they have been
repeated in the Israeli media, for example in The Times of Israel: ‘Fuerst’s father Michael said the attack was
carried out by a gang of “non-Jewish boys who were drunk” and who took “great
joy, I’m sure, from the fact that they were beating up a Jewish kid”’. However,
it’s not just that the numbers and ages of the people involved in this
confrontation were manipulated, or even that loaded assumptions about the
assailants’ motivations coloured the story, but also that in this coverage the media
use of the word ‘gang’ is coming though a particular class- and race-based
ideological prism, and therefore it has been unevenly applied. North Manchester
has some affluent sections, home in part to the city’s historic Jewish
communities. When middle-class Jewish teenagers congregate in these areas they
are referred to as a ‘group’. By contrast, working-class kids from poorer and
former blue-collar neighbourhoods that border these areas, such as Middleton
and Salford, are described as gathering in ‘gangs’, as are, in particular,
Black teenagers from the poorer parts of South Manchester, known as Moss Side. None
of the media coverage that prioritised an anti-Semitic motivation in its
reporting investigated or even considered the option that this was perhaps simply
lower-middle-class youths fighting with rich kids.
None of the media coverage that prioritised an anti-Semitic motivation in its reporting investigated or even considered the option that this was perhaps simply lower-middle-class youths fighting with rich kids. |
Much of the MEN’s
coverage not only gave the impression that this was without question an anti-Semitic
attack but also that it was attempted murder. ‘I believe these men killed my
son and the NHS brought him back to life’ (Michael Fuerst). ‘(W)hy…come up to
him while he is lying on the ground unconscious, kick him in the head, and
potentially kill him?’ The impression is also given by the MEN that the extent
of Moshe Fuerst’s vulnerabilities and potentially critical health status was
instantly evident to those involved in the violent confrontation, thereby
justifying the attempted-murder inferences. Here the MEN writes, suggesting an
immediate consequence, ‘He suffered a bleed to the brain. He was intubated at
North Manchester General Hospital and then put in an ambulance and taken to the
neurosurgery specialist centre at Salford Royal. As soon as he arrived there he
was operated on. At Crumpsall (North Manchester General) he was already
slipping into a coma’. Actually, as the JC reported—perhaps unaware of the MEN
narratives—it was apparently a day or so later that Moshe Fuerst’s health
crashed and his condition became apparent: ‘The 17-year-old was taken to
hospital and initially discharged. He returned to Salford Royal Hospital on
Sunday after he complained of headaches, and vomited and collapsed’. But the
MEN reporting reinforced national tabloid coverage in papers like the Daily Mail and Daily Mirror, which consequently followed a similar tone: using the
language ‘anti-semitic attack’ and the inference of attempted murder, and, like
the Guardian, splashing the
post-operative photo of the teenage victim. It’s worth reiterating that the youths
were convicted of assault: no attempted-murder or hate-crime charge was made. By
the time the case came to trial, in reference to the assailants and in
contradiction of the implied media narrative that they’d kicked the victim into
a coma and casually sauntered off, Judge Prowse said, ‘They genuinely had no
idea of the severity of the incident that they had been involved in’.
The
other issue in the reporting is the manner in which the potential gangs, class,
drugs and/or alcohol-related aspects of this case were underexplored and
under-represented in favour of an anti-Semitism narrative. Significantly, the JC
initially wrote that ‘the two groups clashed after shouting at each other’
(accounts suggest that this took place from opposite platforms at a tram stop).
The JC’s subsequent reports were revised, apparently so as not to give the
impression that the Jewish teenagers had been doing any of the baiting and ‘shouting’.
But the pictures of the two youths who were eventually convicted of the assault
are quite telling in that, in contradiction of the anti-Semitism narrative, both
young men appear to be performing gang signs with their hands, perhaps indicative
of a more basic, tribal youth conflict?
Moshe Fuerste’s assailants, Joseph Kelly, left, and Zach Birch, right. Source: Manchester Evening News. |
None of this—even
the legal decision—categorically rules out any anti-Semitic motive in this
attack, but a number of questions arise. Why, given the weight of evidence and
testimony, did the coverage veer off in the direction of an anti-Semitism
narrative when so many other factors were worthy of consideration? Why did the corporate
media manipulate material in this way, particularly as the coverage occurred
just after the first anniversary of Israel’s bombing of the children of Gaza? If
there is a homogenous ‘anti-Semitic’ narrative being encouraged, it does not
appear to be a genuine expression of the diverse grassroots reality of Jewish-British
experience, sentiments or communal allegiances. In May 2016 the Daily Mirror (also part of the MEN’s Trinity
Mirror news stable) splashed the headline ‘Jewish cemetery vandalised by yobs
in “sickening” anti-Semitic attack’. Yet buried at the very bottom of the page
was the following statement: ‘Stephen Wilson, administrator of the North
Manchester Jewish Cemetaries Trust, said he reported the vandalism to the
police after being alerted by the cemetery’s ground staff. He said he was “dismayed”
by the attacks but was not convinced the motive was antisemitism. “It’s my
guess—locals come over the wall, you always find drink cans (beer) over here,
they’ve been in that frame of mind and they’ve done it for the sheer hell and
fun of it”’. Mr Wilson’s dismissal of an anti-Semitic motive to the vandalism
in Manchester replicates Rabbi Maurice Davis’s position—‘everybody gets on and
we haven’t had any experience of anti-Semitism’—on the fight that occurred at the
entrance to Stamford Hill synagogue hundreds of miles away in London. Both incidents,
though, were headlined as anti-Semitic.