Rōnin (student)

In Japan, a rōnin (浪人, ろうにん) is a student who has graduated from middle school or high school but has failed to enter a school at the next level, and consequently is studying outside of the school system for entrance in a future year.Rōnin may study at a yobikō.

Etymology

The term "rōnin" is colloquial; the word kanendosei (過年度生) is more formal. "Rōnin" derives from their having no school to attend, as a ronin (a masterless samurai) had no leader to serve.

Sometimes the term 二浪 (short form) or 二年浪人 (full form, 二年 - second year) is used for student, who failed exams twice.

In popular culture

Rōnin appear frequently in fiction and Japanese popular culture. As an example, the manga and anime series Love Hina features three main characters, Keitaro Urashima, Naru Narusegawa, and Mutsumi Otohime, who are described as rōnin throughout most of the series. In the manga and anime series Chobits, the protagonist, Hideki Motosuwa, is a rōnin studying at a preparatory school to get into college. Maison Ikkoku also features a rōnin as its main character; the series centers around his studying for exams as he is distracted by others that he lives with. The protagonist of Sekirei, Minato Sahashi, is also a rōnin. "Kanamemo"'s Hinata Azuma is a roninsei as well due to her love of gambling and money making, activities which hinder her studies.

Student

A student or pupil is a learner, or someone who attends an educational institution. In Britain until about 2012, underage schoolchildren were always referred to as "pupils", while those attending university are termed "students". In the USA, and more recently also in Britain, the term "student" is applied to both categories, no doubt due to US influence. In its widest use, student is used for anyone who is learning, including mid-career adults who are taking vocational education or returning to university, or younger 'researchers or artists learning from a more experienced (and usually older) colleague and mentor.

Asia

Singapore

Education can be Government initiated and compulsory for students from the age of 6 to the age of 16. Primary School (Primary 1 to 6) Secondary School ( Secondary 1 to 4 or 5) Junior College (Junior College 1 to 2 - Optional)

There are also schools which has the integrated programme such as River Valley High School (Singapore).

International Schools are subject to overseas curriculums such as the British, American, Canadian or Australian Boards.

The Student (newspaper)

The Student is a weekly British independent newspaper produced by students at the University of Edinburgh. It held the title of Best Student Newspaper in Scotland, awarded by the Herald Student Press Awards in 2006, 2007, 2009 and 2010. It was founded in 1887 by Robert Louis Stevenson making it the UK's oldest student newspaper.

The newspaper has been independent of the university since 1992, but maintains a commercial agreement with the Edinburgh University Students' Association.

All staff are volunteers, who fit work for the newspaper around their studies. The newspaper is distributed on a Tuesday and usually consists of 32 pages. It has a physical circulation of 4,000 copies per issue and is read by some 30,000 people in Edinburgh.

History

The Student started as a small weekly magazine, published by the Students' Representative Council. A typical, turn-of-the-century edition of The Student would open with a short biography of a notable person and an editorial. The remaining content largely comprised notes from various societies, sports results, poetry and literary reviews, and profiles of newly appointed lecturers. The magazine was supported by advertising, but cost two pence.

William Sealy Gosset

William Sealy Gosset (13 June 1876 – 16 October 1937) was an English statistician. He published under the pen name Student, and developed the Student's t-distribution.

Life and career

Born in Canterbury, England to Agnes Sealy Vidal and Colonel Frederic Gosset, Gosset attended Winchester College before reading chemistry and mathematics at New College, Oxford. Upon graduating in 1899, he joined the brewery of Arthur Guinness & Son in Dublin, Ireland.

As an employee of Guinness, a progressive agro-chemical business, Gosset applied his statistical knowledge – both in the brewery and on the farm – to the selection of the best yielding varieties of barley. Gosset acquired that knowledge by study, by trial and error, and by spending two terms in 1906–1907 in the biometrical laboratory of Karl Pearson. Gosset and Pearson had a good relationship. Pearson helped Gosset with the mathematics of his papers, including the 1908 papers, but had little appreciation of their importance. The papers addressed the brewer's concern with small samples; biometricians like Pearson, on the other hand, typically had hundreds of observations and saw no urgency in developing small-sample methods.