Telenor India

Telenor India (formerly known as Uninor), is an Indian mobile network operator based in Gurgaon, Haryana, India. The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Telenor Group, a telecommunications company headquartered in Oslo, Norway. Telenor owns 100% of the stake in the holding company, Telenor India Communications Pvt Ltd.

Telewings offers mobile voice and data services based on the GSM technology, on 5 MHz spectrum. Telenor services are commercially available in 6 circles, covering a population footprint of 600 million people. Telenor serves more than 30 million customers in the states of Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, Goa, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. The mobile service provider targets youth and other communities within the Indian mass market.

In recent Spectrum auctions Telenor secured fresh spectrum in 4 of its existing circles and in a new circle of Assam.

Spectrum acquired by Uninor in the 1800Mhz band UP (East) – 1.8 MHz UP (West) & Uttarakhand – 2.0 MHz Bihar & Jharkhand – 2.2 MHz Andhra Pradesh & Telangana – 1.4 MHz Assam – 6.0 MHz

Telenor

Telenor Group (OSE: TEL; Norwegian pronunciation: [ˈteːləˈnuːr] or [tɛləˈnuːr]) is a Norwegian multinational telecommunications company headquartered at Fornebu in Bærum, close to Oslo. It is one of the world's largest mobile telecommunications companies with operations in Scandinavia, Eastern Europe and Asia. In addition, it has extensive broadband and TV distribution operations in four Nordic Countries, and a 10-year-old research and business line for Machine-to-Machine technology. Telenor owns networks in 12 countries, and has operations in 29 countries if their 33% ownership in VimpelCom Ltd is included.

Telenor is listed on Oslo Stock Exchange and had a market capitalization in November 2015 of kr 225 billion, making it the second largest company listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange.

History

Telegrafverket

Telenor started off in 1855 as a state-operated monopoly provider of telegraph services named Telegrafverket. The first ideas for a telegraph were launched within the Royal Norwegian Navy in 1848 but, by 1852, the plans were public and the Parliament of Norway decided on a plan for constructing a telegraph system throughout the country. Televerket began by connecting Christiania (now Oslo) to Sweden (Norway was at that time in a union with Sweden) as well as Christiania and Drammen. By 1857 the telegraph had reached Bergen on the west coast via Sørlandet on the south coast, and by 1871 it had reached Kirkenes on the far north coast. Cable connections were opened to Denmark in 1867 and to Great Britain in 1869. The telegraph was most important for the merchant marine who now could use the electric telegraph to instantly communicate between different locations, and get a whole new advantage within logistics.

Bharti Airtel

Bharti Airtel Limited is an Indian global telecommunications services company headquartered in New Delhi, India. It operates in 20 countries across South Asia, Africa, and the Channel Islands. Airtel provides GSM, 3G and 4G LTE mobile services, fixed line broadband and voice services depending upon the country of operation. It is the largest mobile network operator in India and the third largest in the world with 325 million subscribers. Airtel was named India's second most valuable brand in the first ever Brandz ranking by Millward Brown and WPP plc.

Airtel is credited with pioneering the business strategy of outsourcing all of its business operations except marketing, sales and finance and building the 'minutes factory' model of low cost and high volumes. The strategy has since been adopted by several operators. Airtel's equipment is provided and maintained by Ericsson and Nokia Solutions and Networks whereas IT support is provided by IBM. The transmission towers are maintained by subsidiaries and joint venture companies of Bharti including Bharti Infratel and Indus Towers in India. Ericsson agreed for the first time to be paid by the minute for installation and maintenance of their equipment rather than being paid up front, which allowed Airtel to provide low call rates of ₹1/minute (US$0.02/minute).

Layla and Majnun

Layla and Majnun (English: Possessed by madness for Layla; Persian: لیلی و مجنون عامری‎‎ (Leyli o Majnun); Arabic: مجنون لیلی‎ (Majnun Layla)) is a love story that originated as poem in ancient Persia, later was adopted by the Persian poet Nizami Ganjavi who also wrote "Khosrow and Shirin". It is the third of his five long narrative poems, Khamsa (the Quintet).

Qays and Layla fall in love with each other when they are young, but when they grow up Layla’s father doesn't allow them to be together. Qays becomes obsessed with her, and the community gives him the epithet Majnun (مجنون, lit. "possessed"), the same epithet given to the semi-historical character Qays ibn al-Mulawwah of the Banu 'Amir tribe. Long before Nizami, the legend circulated in anecdotal forms in Arabic akhbar. The early anecdotes and oral reports about Majnun are documented in Kitab al-Aghani and Ibn Qutaybah's al-Shi'r wal-Shu'ara'. The anecdotes are mostly very short, only loosely connected, and show little or no plot development.

Bhojpuri cinema

Bhojpuri cinema refers to films produced in the Bhojpuri language in the eastern Uttar Pradesh, western Bihar and Madhesh in southern Nepal.Bhojpuri film industry also known as Bhollywood. The first Bhojpuri talkie film, Ganga Maiyya Tohe Piyari Chadhaibo, was released in 1961 by Vishwanath Shahabadi. The 80's saw the release of many notable as well as run-of-the-mill Bhojpuri films like Bitia Bhail Sayan, Chandwa ke take Chakor, Hamar Bhauji, Ganga Kinare Mora Gaon and Sampoorna Tirth Yatra. Bhojpuri cinema has grown in recent years. Bhollywood movies are seen across various parts of Europe and Asia where second and third generation migrants still speak the language; as well as in Suriname, which has a large Bhojpuri-speaking population. The industry is based in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh.

Overview

Bhojpuri, often considered a dialect of Hindi, originates in western Bihar and eastern Uttar Pradesh in northern India. Speakers of it and its creoles are found in many parts of the world, including Brazil, Fiji, Guyana, Mauritius, South Africa, Suriname, and Trinidad and Tobago and The Netherlands. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, many colonizers faced labor shortages due to the abolition of slavery; thus, they imported many Indians, many from Bhojpuri-speaking regions, as indentured servants to labor on plantations. Today, some 200 million people in the West Indies, Oceania, and South America speak Bhojpuri as a native or second language.