- published: 01 Sep 2014
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A caldera is a cauldron-like volcanic feature on large central volcanoes, a special sort of volcanic crater (from one to several kilometers in diameter), formed when a magma chamber was emptied. The depression then originated either in very big explosive eruptions or in erosion and collapse of the magma chamber roof. The previous emptying of this magma chamber is often accomplished during a series of effusive eruptions in the volcanic system, even kilometers away from the magma chamber itself.
The word comes from Spanish caldera, and this from Latin caldaria, meaning "cooking pot". In some texts the English term cauldron is also used.The term caldera was introduced into the geological vocabulary by the German geologist Leopold von Buch when he published his memoirs of his 1815 visit to the Canary Islands, where he first saw the Las Cañadas caldera on Tenerife, with Montaña Teide dominating the landscape, and then the Caldera de Taburiente on La Palma.
A collapse is triggered by the emptying of the magma chamber beneath the volcano, sometimes as the result of a large explosive volcanic eruption (see Tambora in 1815), but also during effusive eruptions on the flanks of a volcano (see Piton de la Fournaise in 2007) or in a connected fissure system (see Bárðarbunga in 2014/15). If enough magma is ejected, the emptied chamber is unable to support the weight of the volcanic edifice above it. A roughly circular fracture, the "ring fault", develops around the edge of the chamber. Ring fractures serve as feeders for fault intrusions which are also known as ring dykes. Secondary volcanic vents may form above the ring fracture. As the magma chamber empties, the center of the volcano within the ring fracture begins to collapse. The collapse may occur as the result of a single cataclysmic eruption, or it may occur in stages as the result of a series of eruptions. The total area that collapses may be hundreds or thousands of square kilometers.
The Yellowstone Caldera is the volcanic caldera and supervolcano located in Yellowstone National Park in the United States, sometimes referred to as the Yellowstone Supervolcano. The caldera and most of the park are located in the northwest corner of Wyoming. The major features of the caldera measure about 34 by 45 miles (55 by 72 km).
The caldera formed during the last of three supereruptions over the past 2.1 million years: the Huckleberry Ridge eruption 2.1 million years ago (which created the Island Park Caldera and the Huckleberry Ridge Tuff), the Mesa Falls eruption 1.3 million years ago (which created the Henry's Fork Caldera and the Mesa Falls Tuff) and the Lava Creek eruption 640,000 years ago (which created the Yellowstone Caldera and the Lava Creek Tuff).
Volcanism at Yellowstone is relatively recent with calderas that were created during large eruptions that took place 2.1 million, 1.3 million, and 640,000 years ago. The calderas lie over a hotspot where light, hot, molten rock from the mantle rises toward the surface. While the Yellowstone hotspot is now under the Yellowstone Plateau, it previously helped create the eastern Snake River Plain (to the west of Yellowstone) through a series of huge volcanic eruptions. The hotspot appears to move across terrain in the east-northeast direction, but in fact the hotspot is much deeper than terrain and remains stationary while the North American Plate moves west-southwest over it.
Recondite - Caldera [HFT035]
**Award-Winning** CGI 3D Animated Short: "CALDERA" - by Evan Viera
Yellowstone Volcano - What You Need to Know - Yellowstone eruption predicted - Yellowstone Caldera
14 12 Caldera Formation
Caldera: El 90% de los venezolanos rechaza la Constituyente
CALDERA - INTERIOR DE UNA CALDERA EN OPERACION
Caldera - Seraphim (Angel)
WARNING!!! California Volcano ready to blow! Long valley caldera
Caldera - Guanacaste
Caldera - Triste - 1977
Actors: Keiko Toda (actress), Leiji Matsumoto (writer), Eiko Masuyama (actress), Tôru Furuya (actor), Tôru Furuya (actor), Shigeru Chiba (actor), Mami Koyama (actress), Ichirô Nagai (actor), Shô Hayami (actor), Toshio Furukawa (actor), Ken'ichi Ogata (actor), Masaharu Satô (actor), Kaneto Shiozawa (actor), Shûichi Ikeda (actor), Keiko Han (actress),
Plot: In the year 1999, astronomer Professor Amamori has discovered a tenth planet within the solar system. Unfortunately, he also discovers that it is set to collide with the Earth on 9 September 1999, at 9:09:09 AM. Professor Amamori makes preparations to save the planet, aided in his campaign by his nephew Hajime and his secretary Yukino Yayoi. Unknown to anyone, Yayoi harbours deep secrets: LaMetal crosses paths with Earth (and wreaks chaos) every millennium, it is home to an advanced civilization who enslave any human survivors of the cataclysm, and she herself is the Millennial Queen, a special citizen of La Metal who comes to Earth every 1000 years to prepare for the this passing. However, she also hopes to save Earth, for though she is from LaMetal, she cannot stand aside and let her home world destroy the planet and its natives that she has come to love. And so she begins a desperate struggle of her own.
Keywords: anime, based-on-comic, based-on-manga, space, spacecraftBuy: http://www.beatport.com/release/caldera/1359553 HFT035 - Recondite Release date: September 1st 2014 A1. Caldera AA1. DRGN2 © & ℗ 2014 Hotflush Recordings
Watch this absolutely beautiful and Award-Winning CGI animated short film by talented animation filmmaker and composer, Evan Viera! For more information about this film please visit the links below: SYNOPSIS Through the eyes of a young girl suffering from mental illness, CALDERA glimpses into a world of psychosis and explores a world of ambiguous reality and the nature of life and death. DIRECTOR'S STATEMENT CALDERA is inspired by my father's struggle with schizoaffective disorder. In states of delusion, my father has danced on the rings of Saturn, spoken with angels, and fled from his demons. He has lived both a fantastical and haunting life, but one that's invisible to the most of us. In our differing understanding of reality, we blindly mandate his medication, assimilate him to our ma...
Continuing earthquake swarm activity about the Yellowstone caldera warns the Yellowstone Volcano is going to erupt. The Yellowstone eruption will bury surrounding states in several feet of ash. That is only the beginning of the threat to planet Earth and our fragile human civilization, by the Yellowstone Supervolcano. A lake of molten carbon was discovered by researchers in May of this year running under fifteen states in the Western US. The release of only one percent of it would be equal to all the oil humanity has burned for the last 65 years. The release valve for the huge reservois of carbonate magma, is the Supervolcano at Yellowstone. In early June of this year a series of earthquakes numbering in the hundreds began to rumble through Yellowstone National Park, in a phenomenon...
El miembro de la dirección nacional del partido Primero Justicia (PJ), Juan Carlos Caldera, exhortó al Gobierno a que retire dicha propuesta
Excelente video realizado por Spirax Sarco sobre la operación de una caldera. Se aprecia el interior de una caldera en operación y los diferentes fenómenos que se observan durante la generación de vapor.
By Larry Dunn Plus bonus track Seraphim by Earth Wind & Fire
Approximately 760,00 years ago, a volcanic eruption took place in the northern portions of present day California which was 2000 times greater than the more recent eruption of Mount Saint Helens in Washington state. This eruption caused a caldera 10 miles wide and 20 miles in length. It is estimated that the eruption left a lava flow that covered 1,500 square miles, and was the cause of the placement of 150 cubic miles of volcanic material. The ash from the volcano was thrown as far East as Nebraska and Kansas, all the way to the Pacific Ocean in the west, into Idaho and Wyoming in the north, and even into the northern parts of Mexico. ----- Music: Ambient Ambulance - Youtube free music Library. All images used in this video are search from Google CC (creative commons) searching. ----- W...
Band name: Caldera
Album Title: Caldera EP
Website: www.calderamusic.com
Where You Can Hear The Music: www.purevolume.com/caldera
Nuclear Winter
And you never seemed to notice
That your life is just a flash
But you'll finally get to realize
Right before it turns to ash
Just wait
Sit around alone while you contemplate
Our fate
That is being sealed as a world creates
It's end
Take a bow for the show, you know that death is just
Our friend
For we all know the fight was rough but not enough
Take this time to see that your life is beautiful
Keep that in mind as others are taken
You're just next in line
Hope that death comes to you swiftly
Then you'll be just fine
Take your time to observe your place
You knew
Saw it all on the screen, but you couldn't decide
What's true
Take a look around, and see it'll soon
Be gone
With plutonium snow that'll quickly destroy
By dawn
Every word is just another nail in the casket
Just don't bother at all, who cares
Don't just hold your breath
Keep in mind, you'll come to find your
LIFE IS OWNED BY DEATH
All mankind summed up in a splinter