- published: 22 Dec 2016
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Cytosine (/ˈsaɪtəˌsiːn, -ˌziːn, -ˌsɪn/;C) is one of the four main bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA). It is a pyrimidine derivative, with a heterocyclic aromatic ring and two substituents attached (an amine group at position 4 and a keto group at position 2). The nucleoside of cytosine is cytidine. In Watson-Crick base pairing, it forms three hydrogen bonds with guanine.
Cytosine was discovered and named by Albrecht Kossel and Albert Neumann in 1894 when it was hydrolyzed from calf thymus tissues. A structure was proposed in 1903, and was synthesized (and thus confirmed) in the laboratory in the same year.
Cytosine recently found use in quantum computation. The first time any quantum mechanical properties were harnessed to process information took place on August 1 in 1998 when researchers at Oxford implemented David Deutsch's algorithm on a two qubit nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer (NMRQC) based on cytosine.
In March 2015, NASA scientists reported that, for the first time, complex DNA and RNA organic compounds of life, including uracil, cytosine and thymine, have been formed in the laboratory under outer space conditions, using starting chemicals, such as pyrimidine, found in meteorites. Pyrimidine, like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the most carbon-rich chemical found in the Universe, may have been formed in red giants or in interstellar dust and gas clouds, according to the scientists.
Deoxyribonucleic acid (i/diˈɒksiˌraɪboʊnjʊˌkliːɪk, -ˌkleɪɪk/;DNA) is a molecule that carries most of the genetic instructions used in the development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA is a nucleic acid; alongside proteins and carbohydrates, nucleic acids compose the three major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Most DNA molecules consist of two biopolymer strands coiled around each other to form a double helix. The two DNA strands are known as polynucleotides since they are composed of simpler units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of a nitrogen-containing nucleobase—either cytosine (C), guanine (G), adenine (A), or thymine (T)—as well as a monosaccharide sugar called deoxyribose and a phosphate group. The nucleotides are joined to one another in a chain by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the next, resulting in an alternating sugar-phosphate backbone. According to base pairing rules (A with T, and C with G), hydrogen bonds bind the nitrogenous bases of the two separate polynucleotide strands to make double-stranded DNA. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).
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DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA). The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases, and more than 99 percent of those bases are the same in all people. The order, or sequence, of these bases determines the information available for building and maintaining an organism, similar to the way in which letters of the alphabet appear in a certain order to form words an...
A short descriptive video about Cytosine.
Cytosine /ˈsaɪtɵsɨn/ (C) is one of the four main bases found in DNA and RNA, along with adenine, guanine, and thymine (uracil in RNA). It is a pyrimidine derivative, with a heterocyclic aromatic ring and two substituents attached (an amine group at position 4 and a keto group at position 2). The nucleoside of cytosine is cytidine. In Watson-Crick base pairing, it forms three hydrogen bonds with guanine. This video is targeted to blind users. Attribution: Article text available under CC-BY-SA Creative Commons image source in video
Video shows what cytosine means. A base, C4H5N3O, which pairs with guanine in DNA and RNA.. cytosine pronunciation. How to pronounce, definition by Wiktionary dictionary. cytosine meaning. Powered by MaryTTS
Cytosine (C) is one of four chemical bases in DNA, the other three being adenine (A), guanine (G), and thymine (T). Within the DNA molecule, cytosine bases located on one strand form chemical bonds with guanine bases on the opposite strand. The sequence of four DNA bases encodes the cell's genetic instructions.
Adénine est sociable avec tout le monde instantanément. Cytosine est un tout petit peu plus timide.. Arrivée avec sa sœur à l'association, Adénine, plus atteinte que sa soeur a survécu au typhus mais le virus lui a laissé quelques séquelles neurologiques. Elle est atteinte d'une ataxie cérébelleuse. Elle présente un tremblement de la tête plus ou moins important selon son état de concentration ainsi qu'une démarche mal assurée mais cela ne l’empêche en rien de vivre une vie de chat et son espérance de vie n'en est pas du tout diminuée. Il lui faudra juste un environnement sécurisé car elle n'a pas les mêmes réflexes qu'un autre chat. Mais que les futurs adoptants se rassurent, elle est toutefois très très très vive et très rapide... et comme un jeune chat, elle joue et court comme une peti...
Hi, my name is Emerald Robinson, and in this "What Is" video, we're going to examine the so-called "stuff of life": DNA. DNA is a nucleic acid that carries all of the genetic material necessary for cells to develop and function. The letters D-N-A stand for deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA floats freely in the cytoplasm of bacterial cells, and is found in the nucleus of plant, animal, and fungal cells. DNA is made of sub-units called "nucleotides." Each nucleotide has a phosphorous group, a sugar, and a special nitrogen-containing molecule called a base. There are four of these bases in DNA: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Cytosine and guanine combine, just as adenine and thymine combine to form units called base pairs. When the nucleotide sub-units are put together, they form a...
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This video explains the structures of nitrogenous bases including adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil, and gives you tips on how to memorize the structures of the nitrogenous bases. It explains the difference between pyrimidines and purines. Lastly, this video explains how to number the nitrogenous bases. Support us!: https://www.patreon.com/learningsimply Twitter: https://twitter.com/learningsimplyv
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Nucleotide definition, types and examples ncbidna structure & discovery. The twisted double helix shape of dna helps to make this biological online biology dictionary c cyturia meanings terminology and (1) cytosine; (2) cysteine; (3) carbon; (4) celsius; (5) clonus; (6) centum concept 6 reviewin dna, there are four different bases adenine (a) guanine (g) the larger purines. Cytosine biology online dictionary. A binary zero could be encoded by the bases adenine or cytosine, and a one represented guanine thyminea similar. Dna and rna bases pearson the biology place. Of dna — A double helix Which they realized could carry biological information get information, facts, and pictures about cytosine at encyclopedia. Cyt(o) (rib)os(e) ine. What is the definition of c cytosine medical diction...
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