Nuclear power

2012 World [civil] electricity generation by fuels (IEA, 2014)

Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate heat, which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce electricity in a nuclear power station. The term includes nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion. Presently, the nuclear fission of elements in the actinide series of the periodic table produce the vast majority of nuclear energy in the direct service of humankind, with nuclear decay processes, primarily in the form of geothermal energy, and radioisotope thermoelectric generators, in niche uses making up the rest.

Nuclear (fission) power stations, excluding the contribution from naval nuclear fission reactors, provided 11% of the world's electricity in 2012, somewhat less than that generated by hydro-electric stations at 16%. Since electricity accounts for about 25% of humanity's energy usage with the majority of the rest coming from fossil fuel reliant sectors such as transport, manufacture and home heating, nuclear fission's contribution to the global final energy consumption is about 2.5%, a little more than the combined global electricity production from "new renewables"; wind, solar, biofuel and geothermal power, which together provided 2% of global final energy consumption in 2014.

Wikimedia Commons

Wikimedia Commons (or simply Commons) is an online repository of free-use images, sound, and other media files. It is a project of the Wikimedia Foundation.

Files from Wikimedia Commons can be used across all Wikimedia projects in all languages, including Wikipedia, Wikibooks, Wikivoyage, Wikispecies, Wikisource, and Wikinews, or downloaded for offsite use. The repository contains over 30 million media files. In July 2013, the number of edits on Commons reached 100,000,000.

History

The project was proposed by Erik Möller in March 2004 and launched on September 7, 2004. A key motivation behind the setup of a central repository was the desire to reduce duplication of effort across the Wikimedia projects and languages, as the same file had to be uploaded to many different wikis separately before Commons was created.

Several sister projects (e.g. Dutch, Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Spanish, Basque, Polish, Czech and Slovak Wikipedias) moved all their media content to Commons and stopped allowing local uploading. Some projects, such as the English Wikipedia, have more compliant copyright policy and allow to upload and keep files which are not acceptable at Commons, e.g. fair use images.

Power station

A power station (also referred to as a generating station, power plant, powerhouse, or generating plant) is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power. Most power stations contain one or more generators, a rotating machine that converts mechanical power into electrical power. The relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor creates an electrical current. The energy source harnessed to turn the generator varies widely. Most power stations in the world burn fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas to generate electricity. Others use nuclear power, but there is an increasing use of cleaner renewable sources such as solar, wind, wave and hydroelectric.

History

The world's first power station was designed and built by Lord Armstrong at Cragside, England in 1868. Water from one of the lakes was used to power Siemens dynamos. The electricity supplied power to lights, heating, produced hot water, ran an elevator as well as labor-saving devices and farm buildings.

Nuclear power plant

A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is a nuclear reactor. As is typical in all conventional thermal power stations the heat is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to an electric generator which produces electricity. As of 23 April 2014, the IAEA report there are 435 nuclear power reactors in operation operating in 31 countries. Nuclear power plants are usually considered to be base load stations, since fuel is a small part of the cost of production.

History

Electricity was generated by a nuclear reactor for the first time ever on September 3, 1948 at the X-10 Graphite Reactor in Oak Ridge, Tennessee in the United States, and was the first nuclear power plant to power a light bulb. The second, larger experiment occurred on December 20, 1951 at the EBR-I experimental station near Arco, Idaho in the United States. On June 27, 1954, the world's first nuclear power plant to generate electricity for a power grid started operations at the Soviet city of Obninsk. The world's first full scale power station, Calder Hall in England opened on October 17, 1956.

Nuclear energy

Nuclear energy may refer to:

Nuclear power, the use of sustained nuclear fission to generate heat and electricity

Nuclear binding energy, the energy required to split a nucleus of an atom

Nuclear Energy (sculpture), a bronze sculpture by Henry Moore in the University of Chicago

Nuclear potential energy, the potential energy of the particles inside an atomic nucleus

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PBS-NOVA "The Nuclear Option" (2017 Documentary ) ...

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Iran, EU launch nuclear safety cooperation project

Edit Xinhua 15 Jul 2017

... to cooperate on nuclear safety programs, Financial Tribune daily reported on Saturday ... Iran and six world powers, including Britain, China, France, Germany, Russia and the United States, reached an agreement on the Iranian nuclear issue on July 14, 2015, which put it on the path of sanctions relief but with more strict limits on its nuclear program....

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Edit The Himalayan 15 Jul 2017

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ReutersWASHINGTON (Reuters) — Thermal images of North Korea’s main nuclear site show Pyongyang may have reprocessed more plutonium than previously thought that can be used to enlarge its nuclear weapons stockpile, a U.S ... nuclear and missile programs ... North Korea manufactures atomic bombs using uranium and plutonium and has tested five nuclear bombs....

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Edit Newsweek 15 Jul 2017

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Nuclear power

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Power station

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Nuclear power plant

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Nuclear energy

Nuclear Energy Explained: How does it work? 1/3

PBS-NOVA "The Nuclear Option" (2017 Documentary ) HD

How fear of nuclear power is hurting the environment | Michael Shellenberger

The fight to rethink (and reinvent) nuclear power

Unlocking Power of the Atom at Tarapur Nuclear Power Plant

Is Nuclear Power Good Or Bad?

Inside a nuclear reactor core - Bang Goes The Theory - BBC

How Nuclear Power Plants Work / Nuclear Energy (Animation)

Learning about nuclear power with the commander-in-chief

What are the challenges of nuclear power? - M. V. Ramana and Sajan Saini

Nuclear Energy Explained: How does it work? 1/3

PBS-NOVA "The Nuclear Option" (2017 Documentary ) HD

How fear of nuclear power is hurting the environment | Michael Shellenberger

The fight to rethink (and reinvent) nuclear power

Unlocking Power of the Atom at Tarapur Nuclear Power Plant

Is Nuclear Power Good Or Bad?

Inside a nuclear reactor core - Bang Goes The Theory - BBC

How Nuclear Power Plants Work / Nuclear Energy (Animation)

Learning about nuclear power with the commander-in-chief

What are the challenges of nuclear power? - M. V. Ramana and Sajan Saini

Nuclear Energy Explained: How does it work? 1/3

PBS-NOVA "The Nuclear Option" (2017 Documentary ) HD

How fear of nuclear power is hurting the environment | Michael Shellenberger

The fight to rethink (and reinvent) nuclear power

Unlocking Power of the Atom at Tarapur Nuclear Power Plant

Is Nuclear Power Good Or Bad?

Inside a nuclear reactor core - Bang Goes The Theory - BBC

How Nuclear Power Plants Work / Nuclear Energy (Animation)

Learning about nuclear power with the commander-in-chief

What are the challenges of nuclear power? - M. V. Ramana and Sajan Saini

Nuclear Energy Explained: How does it work? 1/3

PBS-NOVA "The Nuclear Option" (2017 Documentary ) HD

How fear of nuclear power is hurting the environment | Michael Shellenberger

The fight to rethink (and reinvent) nuclear power

Unlocking Power of the Atom at Tarapur Nuclear Power Plant

Is Nuclear Power Good Or Bad?

Inside a nuclear reactor core - Bang Goes The Theory - BBC

How Nuclear Power Plants Work / Nuclear Energy (Animation)

Learning about nuclear power with the commander-in-chief

What are the challenges of nuclear power? - M. V. Ramana and Sajan Saini

Nuclear Energy Explained: How does it work? 1/3

PBS-NOVA "The Nuclear Option" (2017 Documentary ) HD

How fear of nuclear power is hurting the environment | Michael Shellenberger

The fight to rethink (and reinvent) nuclear power

Unlocking Power of the Atom at Tarapur Nuclear Power Plant

Is Nuclear Power Good Or Bad?

Inside a nuclear reactor core - Bang Goes The Theory - BBC

How Nuclear Power Plants Work / Nuclear Energy (Animation)

Learning about nuclear power with the commander-in-chief

What are the challenges of nuclear power? - M. V. Ramana and Sajan Saini

PBS-NOVA "The Nuclear Option" (2017 Documentary ) HD

Unlocking Power of the Atom at Tarapur Nuclear Power Plant

Exploring an Abandoned Nuclear Power Plant

Is Nuclear Power Safe - BBC Documentary

Documentary Films: The History of Nuclear Power

Cheap,abundant & very safe nuclear power.....Thorium

How it Works NUCLEAR REACTOR - Rare Documentary

World's First NUCLEAR SALT REACTOR - Documentary Films

Next Generation Nuclear Power: keynote by Bill Nye

Nuclear Power and Bomb Testing Documentary Film

PBS-NOVA "The Nuclear Option" (2017 Documentary ) HD

Unlocking Power of the Atom at Tarapur Nuclear Power Plant

Exploring an Abandoned Nuclear Power Plant

Is Nuclear Power Safe - BBC Documentary

Documentary Films: The History of Nuclear Power

Cheap,abundant & very safe nuclear power.....Thorium

How it Works NUCLEAR REACTOR - Rare Documentary

World's First NUCLEAR SALT REACTOR - Documentary Films

Next Generation Nuclear Power: keynote by Bill Nye

Nuclear Power and Bomb Testing Documentary Film

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