Wong Kar-wai 王家衛
Wong Kar-wai, September 2008
Chinese name	王家衛 (Traditional)
Chinese name	王家卫 (Simplified)
Pinyin	Wáng Jiāwèi (Mandarin)
Jyutping	Wong4 Gaa1wai6 (Cantonese)
Origin	Hong Kong
Born	(1958-07-17) 17 July 1958 (age 53) Shanghai, China
Occupation	Film director
Years active	1982–present
Awards Hong Kong Film Awards Best Director 1991 Days of Being Wild 1994 Chungking Express Best Picture 1991 Days of Being Wild 1994 Chungking Express Golden Bauhinia Awards Best Hong Kong Film of Past 10 Years 1997 Days of Being Wild Hong Kong Film Critics Society Awards Best Film 1994 Ashes of Time Best Screenplay 1994 Ashes of Time Best Director 1994 Ashes of Time 2000 In the Mood for Love Film of Merit 1995 Fallen Angels 1997 Happy Together 2000 In the Mood for Love 2004 2046 Other awards Best Director Award (Cannes Film Festival) 1997 Happy Together César Award for Best Foreign Film 2000 In the Mood for Love NSFC Award for Best Foreign Language Film 2001 In the Mood for Love NYFCC Award for Best Foreign Language Film 2000 In the Mood for Love 2004 2046

Wong Kar-wai BBS (born 17 July 1958) is a Hong Kong Second Wave filmmaker, internationally renowned as an auteur for his visually unique, highly stylised, emotionally resonant work, including Days of Being Wild (1990), Ashes of Time (1994), Chungking Express (1994), Fallen Angels (1995), Happy Together (1997) and 2046 (2004). His film In the Mood for Love (2000), starring Maggie Cheung and Tony Leung, garnered widespread critical acclaim. Wong's films frequently feature protagonists who yearn for romance in the midst of a knowingly brief life and scenes that can often be described as sketchy, digressive, exhilarating, and containing vivid imagery.^[1]

Wong was listed at number three on the British Film Institute's Sight & Sound Top Ten Directors list of modern times.^[2]

Early career[link]

Born in Shanghai, he moved to Hong Kong with his parents at the age of five. Coming from the Mainland and speaking only Mandarin and Shanghainese, he spent hours in cinemas with his mother. After graduating from Hong Kong Polytechnic College in graphic design in 1980, he enrolled in the Production Training Course organised by Hong Kong Television Broadcasts Limited (TVB) and became a full-time television screenwriter. In the mid-1980s, he became a screenwriter/director at The Wing Scope Co. and In-gear Film Production Company, the production houses owned by renowned Hong Kong actor /movie producer Alan Tang. Wong's current nostalgic artsy style took shape during his apprenticeship with Alan Tang Kwong-Wing, who invested in the first movie Wong directed, As Tears Go By (1988). Wong's career took off when he directed the film Days of Being Wild (1990), despite losing Alan Tang millions of invested dollars. Wong subsequently graduated to feature film work. He is credited with about ten scripts between 1982 and 1987, covering an array of genres from romantic comedy to action drama, but claims to have worked to some extent or another on about fifty more without official credit.^[3] He considers Final Victory (最後勝利, 1986), a dark comedy/crime story for director Patrick Tam Kar Ming, his best script.

Work as director[link]

Feature films[link]

He made his directing debut in 1988 with As Tears Go By, also produced by Alan Tang. A crime melodrama of the kind then hugely popular, it heavily borrowed from Martin Scorsese's Mean Streets (1974), but already displayed one of Wong's principal trademarks in its atmospheric and sometimes expressionistic color palette. It is his only box office hit to date.

His next film, Days of Being Wild (1990), produced by Alan Tang, a drama about aimless youth set in the early 1960s, established his trademark form: elliptically plotted mood pieces, with lush visuals and music, about the burden of memory on melancholic, misfit characters. Days was a box office failure but now regularly tops Hong Kong critics' polls of the best local films ever made. It has been described as a sort of Cantonese Rebel Without a Cause.

He also established his own independent production company, called Jet Tone Films Ltd. in English. His partner in the company is Jeffrey Lau, a director and producer who tends to work closer to the populist vein of mainstream Hong Kong film.

Wong went on to direct several more feature films in the 1990s produced by Jet Tone, which allowed him to work at his own pace. Among these were Chungking Express (1994), which follows the lives of two love-struck cops in Hong Kong and the mysterious women they meet and fall in love with. Originally intended to be a distraction piece for him to get his mind off of the heavily delayed Ashes of Time, it ended up being one of his most popular films. Fallen Angels (1995), was originally intended to be the third act of Chungking Express, but when the tone didn't fit with the other two parts, he cut it out and made it a standalone movie instead; it is seen as a semi-sequel to Chungking Express as is a neo-noir film about on a disillusioned killer trying to overcome the affections of his partner, a strange drifter looking for her ex-boyfriend, and a mute trying to get the world's attention in his own ways, all set against a sordid and surreal urban nightscape.

Wong's fourth movie, Ashes of Time (1994), released between Chungking Express and Fallen Angels, applied his approach to a star-studded wuxia (martial arts swordplay) story; the desert shoot in Mainland China dragged on for over a year and resulted in one of contemporary Hong Kong cinema's most notorious commercial disasters.

His first major international recognition was at the 1997 Cannes Film Festival where he won the Best Director prize for Happy Together (1997).^[4] A film that "uses gorgeous, saturated images set to an eclectic soundtrack of tango by Argentinian maestro Astor Piazolla, Brazilian singer Caetano Veloso and Frank Zappa instrumentals to chronicle the stormy affair of a gay couple living as expatriates in Buenos Aires."^[5]

Despite his background as a screenwriter, one of Wong's trademarks as a director is that he works largely through improvisation and experimentation involving the actors and crew rather than adhering to a fixed screenplay. This has been a frequent source of trouble for his actors, his financial backers and many other people connected with his films, including sometimes himself.

The filming of In the Mood for Love (2000) had to be shifted from Beijing to Macau after the Chinese Film Bureau demanded to see the completed script. This was all in all a minor setback in the "very complicated evolution" of the project which goes as far back as 1997. It was Wong's intention to make two films, one of which would be titled Beijing Summer, the plot unclear at the time, but eventually taking form in Macau. Here Wong planned to call it Three Stories About Food, but saw it better to settle for only one story, A Story About Food, that centres on a writer. Together with scenes shot in Bangkok and Angkor Wat, the filming took as long as 15 months. This was an especially arduous time for lead actress Maggie Cheung whose hair and makeup reportedly took a daily five hours, and who appeared in many different cheongsams. She famously compared the lengthy shoot to a cold she couldn't get rid of. Working without deadlines, the film's upcoming premier at Cannes nonetheless put some pressure on Wong to finish editing. Intending to name the film Secrets he was dissuaded by Cannes, and finally named it In the Mood for Love after listening to Bryan Ferry's cover of the song "I'm in the Mood for Love."^[6][7]

Wong's 2046 (2004), a film about capturing lost memories, was the third chapter of a shared story that began with Days of Being Wild and continued with In the Mood for Love. Infamous for long drawn out shoots without any real regards to deadlines, a running joke amongst the crew was that he would finish in the year 2046.

In 2006, he became the first Chinese director to preside the jury at the Cannes Film Festival.

Wong Kar-wai's first full English-language film, My Blueberry Nights, opened the 2007 Cannes Film Festival as one of 22 films in competition. The lead, American singer-songwriter Norah Jones, made her acting debut in the film.

Wong Kar-wai was the jury president of the 2008 Shanghai International Film Festival which was held from 14–22 June 2008.

Wong Kar-wai's "The Grandmasters" will release in North America through Annapurna Productions.^[8]

Casting[link]

Wong frequently re-casts actors who he has worked with on previous movies:

Actor	As Tears Go By (1989)	Days of Being Wild (1990)	Ashes of Time (1994)	Chungking Express (1994)	Fallen Angels (1995)	Happy Together (1997)	In the Mood for Love (2000)	2046 (2004)	Eros (2004)	My Blueberry Nights (2007)	The Grandmasters (2012)
Chang Chen						N		N	N		N
Jacky Cheung	N	N	N
Leslie Cheung		N	N			N
Maggie Cheung	N	N	N				N	N
Takeshi Kaneshiro				N	N
Andy Lau	N	N
Carina Lau		N	N					N
Tony Leung Chiu-Wai		N	N	N		N	N	N			N
Gong Li								N	N
Brigitte Lin			N	N
Rebecca Pan		N					N
Faye Wong				N				N
Charlie Yeung			N		N
Zhang Ziyi								N			N

Short films[link]

Wong Kar-wai has directed various short films, television commercials, music videos, or combinations thereof, all faithful to his style.

Commercials[link]

In 1996 he shot wkw/tk/1996@7′55″hk.net for Japanese designer Takeo Kikuchi, starring Tadanobu Asano and Karen Mok; in 1998 he did a commercial for Motorola starring Tadanobu and Faye Wong;^{[9][10][11][12][13]} in 2000 he produced a commercial for Suntime Wine with Tony Leung Chiu Wai and Maggie Cheung,^[14] and directed another one for JCDecaux, Un matin partout dans le monde, featuring different kinds of dawns in cities around the world shot by famous movie directors;^[15] in 2001 he shot the TV spot Dans la ville for the French mobile network company Orange France^[16] and the short film The Hire: The Follow as part of the BMW films initiative; in 2002 he directed La Rencontre, a commercial for Lacoste starring Chang Chen and Diane MacMahon;^[11][17] in 2005 he filmed an ad for Dior's Capture Totale perfume starring Sharon Stone. Around 21 September 2006, in Prague, he directed a commercial (released in early 2007) for Lancôme Paris's Hypnôse Homme perfume starring Clive Owen and Daria Werbowy. Around 25 June 2007, again in Prague, he directed a set of commercials for SoftBank, starring Brad Pitt. Also in 2007 he directed an ad for Dior's Midnight Poison perfume starring Eva Green and featuring Muse's song "Space Dementia". On 30 August 2007, "There's Only One Sun", a short film he scripted and directed for Philips' Aurea HD Flat TV, starring Amélie Daure, premiered at the IFA in Berlin.

Music videos[link]

In 2000 Wong directed a music video of Tony Leung's duet with Niki of a song from the In the Mood for Love soundtrack to be included in Tony Leung's CD by the same name and on the French DVD release of In the Mood for Love. In 2002 Wong made the music video Six Days for DJ Shadow featuring Chen Chang and Danielle Graham.^[18]

Short film[link]

His short film Hua Yang De Nian Hua is a montage of scenes from vintage Chinese films, most of which were considered lost until some nitrate prints were discovered in a California warehouse during the 1990s, set to a song from the soundtrack of In the Mood for Love, it was shown at the 2001 Berlin International Film Festival.^[19]

Filmography as director[link]

Feature films[link]

Short films[link]

Screenwriter and producer[link]

Wong is officially credited with about ten screenplays while having worked on another fifty in one way or another before his directorial debut. He has yet to direct a feature based on a script other than his own (though Ashes of Time was rather loosely adapted from a Louis Cha novel), which would be highly unlikely considering his method of improvisation. Wong, through Jet Tone, is also the producer of all of his own films since 1993 with the exception of Ashes of Time, a project that began much earlier. Through Jet Tone or otherwise, Wong has also produced various films, some directed by his partner in the company, Jeffrey Lau. Here are lists of films other than his own that Wong wrote screenplays for or produced:

Writing credits:

Once Upon a Rainbow (1982), Just for Fun (1983), Silent Romance (1984), Chase a Fortune (1985), Intellectual Trio (1985), Unforgettable Fantasy (1985), Sweet Surrender (1986), Rosa (1986), Goodbye My Hero (1986), The Final Test (1987), Final Victory (1987), Flaming Brothers aka Dragon and Tiger Fight (1987), The Haunted Cop Shop of Horrors (1987), The Haunted Cop Shop of Horrors 2 (1988), Walk On Fire (1988), Return Engagement (1990), Saviour of the Soul (1992).

Producer:

Flaming Brothers aka Dragon and Tiger Fight (1987), The Eagle Shooting Heroes (1993), First Love: the Litter on the Breeze (1997), Chinese Odyssey 2002 (2002), Sound of Colors (2003).

Collaborations[link]

In October 2011, Wong collaborated with Shu Uemura on a 12-piece makeup range inspired by his films. To promote the collection, he produced a short film called The Mask, which he shot exclusively for Shu Uemura and stars the Taiwanese beauty Sandrine Pinna.^[20]

Awards[link]

• 1991 Hong Kong Film Awards, Best Director (Days of Being Wild)
• 1995 Hong Kong Film Awards, Best Director (Chungking Express)
• 1997 Cannes Film Festival, Best Director (Happy Together)^[4]
• 2000 European Film Awards, Screen International Award (In the Mood for Love)
• 2001 César Award, Best Foreign Film (In the Mood for Love)
• 2004 European Film Awards, Screen International Award (2046)

See also[link]

• Art film
• Cinema of Hong Kong
• William Cheung Suk Ping

Notes[link]

References[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Wong Kar-Wai

• Abbas, M. A. Hong Kong: Culture and the Politics of Disappearance. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1997. ISBN 0-8166-2925-0.
• Bordwell, David. Planet Hong Kong: Popular Cinema and the Art of Entertainment. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2000. ISBN 0-674-00214-8.
• Dannen, Fredric, and Barry Long. Hong Kong Babylon: The Insider's Guide to the Hollywood of the East. New York: Miramax, 1997. ISBN 0-7868-6267-X.
• Dissanayake, Wimal, and Dorothy Wong. Wong Kar Wai's Ashes of Time. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2003. ISBN 962-209-585-2.
• Lalanne, Jean-Marc, et al. Wong Kar Wai. Paris: Dis Voir, 1997. ISBN 2-906571-67-9. (French)
• Tambling, Jeremy. Wong Kar Wai's Happy Together. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2003. ISBN 962-209-589-5.

Further reading[link]

In English[link]

• Botz-Bornstein, Thorsten. Films and Dreams: Tarkovsky, Bergman, Sokurov, Kubrick, and Wong Kar-Wai. Lanham, Md.: Lexington Books, Rowman & Littlefield, 2008. ISBN 0-7391-2187-1.
• Brown, Andrew M. J. Directing Hong Kong: The Political Cinema of John Woo and Wong Kar-Wai. Political Communications in Greater China: the Construction and Reflection of Identity. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2001. ISBN 0-7007-1734-X.
• Brunette, Peter, and Kar-wai Wong. Wong Kar-Wai. Contemporary Film Directors. Urbana, Ill.: University of Illinois Press, 2005. ISBN 0-252-02992-5, ISBN 0-252-07237-5.
• Redmond, Sean. Studying Chungking Express. Leighton Buzzard: Auteur, 2004. ISBN 1-903663-30-X.
• Teo, Stephen. Wong Kar-Wai: Auteur of Time. World Directors. London: BFI, 2004. ISBN 1-84457-028-2, ISBN 1-84457-029-0.
• Wong, Kar-wai, Yichang Liu, and Kar-wai Wong. Tête-bêche: A Wong Kar Wai Project. Hong Kong: Block 2 Pictures, 2000. ISBN 962-86051-1-9.
• Wong, Kar-wai, and Tony Rayns. Wong Kar-Wai on Wong Kar-Wai. London: Faber, 2002. ISBN 0-571-19397-8.

In other languages[link]

• Aleksandrowicz, Joanna. Pomiędzy obrazem a wskazówkami zegarów: o estetyce nietrwałości w filmach Wong Kar-waia. Kraków: Rabid, 2008. ISBN 83-60236-30-5. (Polish)
• Alovisio, Silvio, Vanessa Durando, and Micaela Veronesi. Le ceneri del tempo: il cinema di Wong Kar Wai. Piombino (LI): Traccedizioni, 1997. ISBN 88-7205-096-0. (Italian)
• Gliatta, Leonardo. Wong Kar-Wai: [saggio critico, foto, filmografia, dichiarazioni del regista, antologia della critica]. Roma: D. Audino, 2004. ISBN 88-86350-77-5. (Italian)
• Jousse, Thierry. Wong Kar-Wai. Les petits cahiers. Paris: Cahiers du cinéma, 2006. ISBN 2-86642-457-3, ISBN 2-240-02519-0. (French)
• Schnelle, Josef, and Rüdiger Suchsland. Zeichen und Wunder das Kino von Zhang Yimou und Wong Kar-Wai. Marburg: Schüren, 2008. ISBN 3-89472-438-2. (German)

External links[link]

This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (September 2009)

Articles

• Robert M. Payne – Ways of seeing wild: the cinema of Wong Kar-wai
• Allan Cameron – Trajectories of identification: travel and global culture in the films of Wong Kar-wai
• Anthony Leong – Meditations on Loss: A Framework for the Films of Wong Kar-wai
• LA Weekly – Film Feature: Unforgettable
• Six "Hong Kongs" in search of a Negative Director: Wong Kar-Wai’s alter-Native cinema

Interviews

• Guardian Unlimited Mood Music, by Jonathan Romney
• Onion AV Club Interview by Scott Tobias
• TIMEasia And The Winner Is..., by Stephen Short
• TIMEasia "We love what we can't have, and we can't have what we love", by Bryan Walsh
• Urban Cinefile Audio Interview with Richard Kupier (RealMedia)

Other

• Wong Kar-wai at the Internet Movie Database
• They Shoot Pictures, Don't They?
• Blog from Location Manager of My Blueberry Nights
• lovehkfilm.com

Chivas Regal ( /ˈʃɪvɪs ˈriːɡəl/) is a blended Scotch whisky produced by Chivas Brothers, owned by Pernod Ricard. Chivas Brothers was first established in 1801. The Chivas Regal brand's home is Strathisla Distillery at Keith, Moray in Speyside, Scotland, the oldest operating Highland distillery which was founded in 1786.

It is the market-leading Scotch whisky aged 12 years and above in Europe and Asia Pacific.^[1] Chivas Regal sales have grown by 61% between 2002 and 2008.^[2]

Chivas Regal family[link]

Chivas Regal whiskies are blended in a distinctive house style of a mellow, honeyed flavour.^[3]

• Chivas Regal 12 Year Old: Blended from whiskies matured for at least 12 years. Taste: Round and creamy on the palate, a taste of honey and ripe apples, with vanilla, hazelnut and butterscotch notes.^[4]
• Chivas Regal 18 Year Old: Blended from whiskies matured for at least 18 years. Taste: Chocolate and orange notes, some citrus and spice on the nose and a full, fruity, citrusy and spicy palate, with sherry notes to finish.^[5]
• Chivas Regal 25 Year Old: Created using whiskies aged at least 25 years; available only in limited quantities with a retail price of c$300.^[6] Taste: The blend has tasting notes of apricot and peach.

History[link]

The House of Schivas, a large mansion, was built at Schivas in Aberdeenshire in 1640. The name is derived from the Gaelic 'seamhas', meaning narrow place.^[7]

Chivas Brothers traces its roots to the opening of a grocery store at 13 King St, Aberdeen in 1801. The store sold luxury foodstuffs such as coffee, exotic spices, French brandies, and Caribbean rums to a wealthy clientele. In 1842, Chivas Brothers were retained to supply provisions to the royal family at Balmoral Castle upon Queen Victoria's first visit to Scotland.

In 1843, Chivas Brothers were granted a Royal Warrant to supply goods to Queen Victoria. Chivas Brothers was described in 1890 as 'undoubtedly the finest purveying business in the north of Scotland' by Scotland of Today magazine.^[8]

During the 1850s, James Chivas decided to respond to his affluent customers' demands for a smoother whisky, by beginning to blend whiskies to create a proprietary blend to Chivas Brothers. Their first blended Scotch whisky named 'Royal Glen Dee' was launched, followed in the 1860s by their second blended Scotch whisky, 'Royal Strathythan'.^[9]

In the early 1900s, Chivas Brothers decided to create their most aged blended Scotch whisky to export to the U.S, where the booming economy after the turn of the century was fueling demand for luxury goods. The whisky was named Chivas Regal.^[9]

Chivas Regal 25 Year Old was launched in 1909 as the original luxury Scotch, and became a leading brand in the U.S. Chivas Regal continued its success until Prohibition in the 1920s.^[10]

Chivas Regal was purchased by Seagrams in 1949, which provided a much wider distribution and marketing system.

Chivas Regal was re-launched as Chivas Regal 12 year old in the US following the disruption of both Prohibition and World War II. Chivas became a fashionable brand of the era, and became associated with Frank Sinatra and the rest of the Rat Pack.^[3] Chivas Regal was the Scotch whisky requested by Sinatra, along with other spirits brands backstage at performances,^[11] and Chivas sponsored Frank Sinatra's Diamond Jubilee Tour in 1990.

In 1950,^[12] the company Chivas Brothers was able to buy the Strathisla Distillery which produces the Strathisla Single Malt, which is used within the Chivas Regal blend.

The Chivas Regal range was expanded with the launch of higher aged whiskies, in 1997 with the launch of Chivas Regal 18 year old, and in 2007 with the launch of Chivas Regal 25.^[13]

Chivas Regal was acquired by Pernod Ricard in 2000 upon the breakup of Seagrams Group.

Strathisla distillery[link]

The home of Chivas Regal and location of its visitor centre is located at the Strathisla distillery. The distillery was founded in 1786,^[12] and is the oldest working distillery in the Highlands of Scotland - Strathisla Distillery, located in Speyside.

The Strathisla distillery is owned by Chivas Brothers, and Strathisla Single Malt is one of the malt whiskies used within the Chivas Regal blend.

Strathisla Single Malts have a natural sweetness and help to define the taste of Chivas Regal.

Marketing[link]

In 2009, Chivas Regal launched a new global advertising campaign, to run across all continents. 'Live with Chivalry' was created by the Euro RSCG advertising agency. The campaign features TV, press, and outdoor advertising.

Chivas Regal also sponsored The Black Eyed Peas', Robbie Williams', Beyoncé's, and Christina Aguilera's tours in Asia.^{[citation needed]}

Chivas Regal is also featured during the closing of the TV series Boston Legal.

In 2011 Chivas Regal sponsored The Asian Awards Outstanding Achievement in Sports Category. ^[14]

Critical Acclaim[link]

Chivas Regal whiskies have performed well at international Spirit ratings competitions. Although it only received a bronze medal in the latest competition in which it was entered (2009), the Chivas Regal 18yr Gold Signature blended whiskey—perhaps Chivas' best-performing product—received double gold medals at the 2006 and 2008 San Francisco World Spirits Competitions.^[15] Chivas' 21-year whisky has generally garnered silver medals at the competition.^[15]

References[link]

General references:

• "A Double Scotch" by F. Paul Pacult. ©2005 John Wiley & Sons ISBN 0-471-66271-2
• "Cool Brands: An insight into some of Britain's coolest brands" ©2006 Superbrands Ltd ISBN 1-905652-03-8 *History of Chivas Regal from Superbrands.com
• "Scotland of Today" Published May 3, 1890.

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Chivas Regal

• Chivas Regal Official site
• Strathisla Distillery, home of Chivas Regal
• History of Chivas Regal from Superbrands.com
• Whisky Distilleries
• Strathisla Distillery
• Pernod Ricard Parent Company Homepage
• Chivas Brothers Packaging Upgrade Information

Coordinates: 57°32′44″N 2°57′08″W / 57.54556°N 2.95222°W / 57.54556; -2.95222