Haryanvi language

Haryanvi (Devanagari: हरियाणवी hariyāṇvī or हरयाणवी harayāṇvī) is an Indo-Aryan language. It is native to the regions of Haryana and Delhi of India. It is written using the Devanagari script. It is also considered to be the northernmost dialect of Hindi. It is similar to Braj Bhasha and has a ≈60% lexical similarity with Bagri. It is most widely spoken in the North Indian state of Haryana. The term Haryanvi is also used for people from Haryana. Rohtaki is considered the standard form.

Geographical distribution accross Pakistan

Widespread in Pakistan specially Villages of Punjab,Pakistan and also in India. It is written by using the Nastaliq script (formal vocabulary is borrowed from Urdu, Arabic and Persian) in Pakistan. Some words are also from Sanskrit.

Before and after British Punjab Partition-1947(India)

Its native speakers is natively migrated from Haryana and Delhi of India to Pakistan. Now in Pakistan, it is "Mother Toungue" as used in Homes and villages of Raangrr Community. Millions of Raangrri Speaking peoples lived in the number of thousands Villages in Punjab, Pakistan (where they have completely hold politically and morally), and hundreds of villages in Sindh and allover Pakistan. After independence of Pakistan in 1947, many Uttar Pradesh Ranghars also migrated to Sindh in Pakistan and mostly settling in Karachi.

Gurjar

Gurjar or Gujjar is a pastoral agricultural ethnic group with populations in India and Pakistan and a small number in northeastern Afghanistan. Alternative spellings include Gurjara, Gojar, Gūjar, Gurjjara, and Gūrjara. Although they are able to speak the language of the country where they live, Gurjars have their own language, known as Gujari. They variously follow Hinduism, Islam, and Sikhism. The Gurjars are classified as Other Backward Class (OBC) in some states in India; however, Gujjars in Jammu and Kashmir and parts of Himachal Pradesh are categorised as a Scheduled Tribe. Hindu Gurjars today are assimilated into several varnas.

History

Origin

Historians and Anthropologists differ on issue of Gurjar origin.General Cunningham identifies the Gujjars with Kushanas (Indo-Scythian people) of eastern tartars. He explains that 'Korso' and 'Kushan' written on the coins of Kushana King Kanishka is same as Gorsi and Kusane clans of Gurjars respectively. He further adds that Gujars came to India in the 3rd wave of migration around the mid third century CE. Ibbeston also supports Indo-Scythians descend of Gurjars. K.S.Singh also support the theory on the basis that beside Jats, Gurjars are the only race of foreign origin in north west part of Indian subcontinent who are known to have been powerful during early centuries of Christian era.

Song

A song is a single (and often standalone) work of music intended to be sung by the human voice with distinct and fixed pitches and patterns using sound and silence and a variety of forms that often include the repetition of sections. Written words created specifically for music or for which music is specifically created, are called lyrics. If a pre-existing poem is set to composed music in classical music it is an art song. Songs that are sung on repeated pitches without distinct contours and patterns that rise and fall are called chants. Songs in a simple style that are learned informally are often referred to as folk songs. Songs that are composed for professional singers are called popular songs. These songs, which have broad appeal, are often composed by professional songwriters, composers and lyricists. Art songs are composed by trained classical composers for concert performances. Songs are performed live and recorded. Songs may also appear in plays, musical theatre, stage shows of any form, and within operas.

Video

Video is an electronic medium for the recording, copying, playback, broadcasting, and display of moving visual media.

Video systems vary greatly in the resolution of the display, how they are refreshed, and the rate of refreshed, and 3D video systems exist. They can also be carried on a variety of media, including radio broadcast, tapes, DVDs, computer files etc.

History

Video technology was first developed for Mechanical television systems, which were quickly replaced by cathode ray tube (CRT) television systems, but several new technologies for video display devices have since been invented. Charles Ginsburg led an Ampex research team developing one of the first practical video tape recorder (VTR). In 1951 the first video tape recorder captured live images from television cameras by converting the camera's electrical impulses and saving the information onto magnetic video tape.

Video recorders were sold for $50,000 in 1956, and videotapes cost $300 per one-hour reel. However, prices gradually dropped over the years; in 1971, Sony began selling videocassette recorder (VCR) decks and tapes to the public.

Arvind Sharma

Arvind Sharma is the Birks Professor of Comparative Religion at McGill University. Sharma's works focus on comparative religion, Hinduism, and the role of women in religion. Some of his more famous works include Our Religions and Women in World Religions. Feminism in World Religions was selected as a Choice Outstanding Academic Book (1999).

Biography

Born in Varanasi, India, Arvind Sharma earned a B.A. in History, Economics, and Sanskrit from Allahabad University in 1958. In 1962, Sharma joined the Indian Administrative Service, serving in Gujarat until 1968. In 1971 he received an M.A. from Syracuse University and in 1974 earned a Masters in Theology from Harvard University. In 1978 he obtained his Ph.D. in Sanskrit from Harvard University. In 1976 he was appointed to the position of Lecturer in Asian Religions at the University of Queensland and in 1980 he took a similar position at the University of Sydney.

In 1987, Sharma took the position of Associate Professor of Religious Studies at McGill University in Montreal. He is currently the Birks Professor of Comparative Religion there. Sharma was the first Infinity Foundation Visiting professor of Indic Studies at Harvard. He has held fellowships at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, the Center for the Study of World Religions, the Brookings Institution, the Center for the Study of Values in Public Life, and the Center for Business and Government. He was also elected a Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society.