Apache Wars

The Apache Wars were a series of armed conflicts between the United States Army and various Apache nations fought in the southwest between 1849 and 1886, though minor hostilities continued until as late as 1924. Its origins started a year before the first conflict when a fraction of Mexico became part of the United States in the aftermath of the Mexican-American War. Therefore the Native Mexicans had become Native Americans for the series of conflicts where a significant part of the Westward Expansion Trails in the American frontier. The Confederate Army participated in the wars during the early 1860s in Texas, before being diverted to action in the American Civil War in New Mexico and Arizona.

First conflicts

Historically, the Apache had raided enemy tribes and sometimes each other, for horses, food or captives. They considered such raids different than warfare. They raided with small parties, for a specific purpose. While the Apache sometimes waged war with large armies, using all tribal male members of warrior age, by the 1880s such methods of warfare were ended as most of the Apache bands had agreed to a negotiated settlement with the US government. However, other sub-nations of the Apache, usually clans or specialized warrior societies, continued their warfare. In turn, this limited potential negotiated solutions as American responses failed to distinguish between Apache raiding parties and other groups. Consequently, American responses were sometimes heavy-handed, resulting in an escalation of the situation as other Apache were drawn into the conflict.

The Apache

The Apache is a 1925 British silent drama film directed by and starring Adelqui Migliar. It also features Mona Maris and Jameson Thomas. It is a Paris-set melodrama. The title refers to the Apache dance popularly associated with the city during the era.

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Apache

The Apache (/əˈpætʃiː/; French: [a.paʃ]) are culturally related Native American tribes from the Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico. These indigenous peoples of North America speak Southern Athabaskan languages, which are related linguistically to Athabaskan languages in Alaska and western Canada.

Apache people traditionally have lived in Eastern Arizona, Northern Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua), New Mexico, West Texas, and Southern Colorado. Apacheria, their collective homelands, consisted of high mountains, sheltered and watered valleys, deep canyons, deserts, and the southern Great Plains. The Apache tribes fought the Spanish and Mexican peoples for centuries. The first Apache raids on Sonora appear to have taken place during the late 17th century. In 19th-century confrontations, the U.S. Army found the Apache to be fierce warriors and skillful strategists.

Apache groups are politically autonomous. The major groups speak several different languages and developed distinct and competitive cultures. The current division of Apache groups includes Western Apache, Chiricahua, Mescalero, Jicarilla, Lipan, and Plains Apache (also known as the Kiowa-Apache). Apache groups live in Oklahoma and Texas and on reservations in Arizona and New Mexico. Apache people have moved throughout the United States and elsewhere, including urban centers.

Paul Andrew Hutton

Paul Andrew Hutton (born October 23, 1949) is an American cultural historian, author, documentary writer, and television personality. He is also the professor of history at the University of New Mexico and the executive director of Western History Association.

Career

Research and literary works

At the University of New Mexico, Hutton helped to gather information about George Armstrong Custer for the readers. The result of Hutton's research was The Custer Reader, a collection of essays, photographs, and fiction regarding Custer and his complex personality. Hutton's 1985 book Phil Sheridan and His Army received many awards for historical writing, including the Ray Allen Billington Award. He has written many other award-winning essays, scripts, and articles. He has done a great deal of work in television documentaries, and was a historical consultant for the films The Missing and "Cowboys and Aliens". Dr. Hutton has appeared in, written or narrated over 150 television documentaries on CBS, NBC, PBS, Discover, Disney Channel, TBS, TNN, A&E, and the History Channel. Listed below are recent samples of his work.

Paul Andrew

Paul Andrew (born 14 Feb 1989, Truro, England) is a rugby union player who currently plays for Cornish Pirates in the RFU Championship. He weighs 17 stone and is 6 foot tall. He plays as a prop.

He made the move to the Worcester Warriors in 2013 from RFU Championship side Cornish Pirates, where he joined in 2008.

He made his league debut for the Pirates when he was nineteen years of age and has gone on to represent Cornwall, Cornwall U20 and England Conference U18.

In 2014, Andrew was re-signed to the Cornish Pirates for a two-year contract.

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