Reference

Reference is a relation between objects in which one object designates, or acts as a means by which to connect to or link to, another object. The first object in this relation is said to refer to the second object. The second object—the one to which the first object refers—is called the referent of the first object.

References can take on many forms, including: a thought, a sensory perception that is audible (onomatopoeia), visual (text), olfactory, or tactile, emotional state, relationship with other,spacetime coordinate, symbolic or alpha-numeric, a physical object or an energy projection. In some cases methods are used that intentionally hide the reference from some observers, as in cryptography.

References feature in many spheres of human activity and knowledge, and the term adopts shades of meaning particular to the contexts in which it is used. Some of these are described in the sections below.

Etymology and meanings

The word reference is derived from Middle English referren, from Middle French référer, from Latin referre, "to carry back", formed from the prefix re- and ferre, "to bear". A number of words derive from the same root, including refer, referee, referential, referent, referendum.

Channel Frederator Network

The Channel Frederator Network is an American animation Multi Channel Network (MCN) founded by Fred Seibert and managed by Frederator Networks.

In 2012, Frederator Studios began producing television-quality cartoons for the Internet as part of the $100 Million YouTube Original Channel Initiative, and has since produced two successful series and many successful shorts for its YouTube Channel Cartoon Hangover, including Pendleton Ward’s “Bravest Warriors” and Natasha Allegri’s “Bee and PuppyCat”. As of September 2014, Channel Frederator Network has generated more than one billion views, and averages more than 60 million video views a month, across its network of more than 700 channels.

Among its leading channels are FilmCow (just under 1 million subscribers), Cartoon Hangover (over 1 million subscribers), and recently added Simon's Cat (just over 2,800,000 subscribers) [4], which is YouTube’s #2 animated channel. Once part of the network, Channel Frederator handles all advertising and distribution for its channels on YouTube, promoting the show and its licensed merchandise; the network also provides on-demand consulting, and weekly events for open to all network members.

The Amazing World of Gumball

The Amazing World of Gumball (known also as Gumball) is a British-American children's animated television series created by Ben Bocquelet for Cartoon Network. Produced primarily by Cartoon Network Development Studio Europe, it first aired on May 3, 2011. The series revolves around the life of Gumball Watterson, a 12-year-old cat who attends middle school in the fictional city of Elmore. Accompanied by his adoptive goldfish brother Darwin, he frequently finds himself involved in various shenanigans around the city, during which he interacts with his other family members—sister Anais and parents Nicole and Richard—and an extended supporting cast of characters.

Bocquelet based several of the series' characters on rejected characters from his previous commercial work and making its premise a mixture of "family shows and school shows", which Cartoon Network was heavily interested in. He pitched The Amazing World of Gumball to the network and Turner Broadcasting executive Daniel Lennard subsequently greenlit production of the series. It is the first series to be produced by Cartoon Network Development Studio Europe, and is currently co-produced with Studio SOI and Great Marlborough Productions. One unique feature of the series is its total lack of stylistic unity. Characters are designed, filmed, and animated using different styles and techniques (stylized traditional animation, puppetry, photo-realistic CGI, stop motion, Flash animation, live action, etc.)

The Amazing

The Amazing is a Swedish band whose members include Reine Fiske, who plays with Dungen, and Christoffer Gunrup, who played in Granada and with Anna Järvinen. Fredrik Swahn, Alexis Benson, and drummer Moussa Fadera are also in The Amazing.

Self-titled debut

The Amazing released their self-titled debut on April 29, 2009 on Subliminal Sounds. The disc was reviewed by the Daily News, and others including Sydsvenskan, and the Swedish newspaper, Svenska Dagbladet. In connection with the first disc, the group played on the program P3 Pop on Swedish Radio P3.

Gentle Stream to present

Gentle Stream was released in 2011. The Amazing did a Daytrotter session on December 5, 2012. They played, "Gone" from the album on Late Night with David Letterman on January 18, 2013. The Amazing appeared on World Cafe on February 6, 2013.

Their fourth album, Picture You, was released on February 17, 2015. Allmusic noted that it "is the culmination of all their work, with a combination of wonderfully rich arrangements, inspired playing and singing, and a batch of lengthy songs that both warm the heart and expand the mind".

Luis Dubuc

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Luis Alberto Dubuc Jr. (born January 28, 1985) is an American musician from Dallas, Texas. He was a member of The Secret Handshake and Of Legends. He is currently the man behind Mystery Skulls.

History

Luis Dubuc started out as a drummer for the metal band Thirty Called Arson. Luis felt restrained by playing only music that was aggressive. After being a spectator at concert put on by Mouse On Mars, he purchased a Macintosh computer and experimented with electronic sounds. Dubuc made his first album Antarctica using the moniker The Secret Handshake. The next year, after releasing This Is Bigger Than You And I, Dubuc began composing his next album. After writing all of the songs, Luis spent August 2006 recording the album in his friend's apartment. Since then, his album One Full Year was released through Triple Crown Records and has sold almost 18 000 copies. After Dubuc finished touring in support of One Full Year, Dubuc came out with My Name Up In Lights in 2009 and Night & Day, a departure from his electronica music in favor of a Motown-influenced neo-soul sound, in 2010.