Dialogic ADPCM
Dialogic ADPCM or VOX is an audio file format, optimized for storing digitized voice data at a low sampling rate. VOX files are most commonly found in telephony applications, as well as an occasional arcade redemption game. It uses a lossy compression algorithm, optimized for voice, not high fidelity.
Similar to other ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation) formats, Dialogic ADPCM compresses audio data into a series of 4-bit samples. The original Dialogic ADPCM paper (linked to below) does not specify or mention a recording or playback frequency; it may be at the implementer discretion. However, traditionally, files commonly have a sampling rate of 6000 or 8000 samples per second, but 8000 samples per second (8000 Hz) is more common. 8000 Hz matches the sampling rate used in G.711 voice systems such as DS1.
Unlike a WAV file, a VOX file does not contain a header to specify the encoding format or the sampling rate, so this information must be known in order to play the file. If not known, it is normally assumed that a VOX file is encoded with Dialogic ADPCM at a sampling rate of 8000 Hz. It is possible that a VOX file may be encoded in a format other than Dialogic ADPCM, but this is not common.
Vox (song)
"Vox" is the debut single by Canadian singer-songwriter Sarah McLachlan. It was released in 1988 in Canada from her album Touch, and as a CD-single in 1992. The 1989 Arista Records release of Touch contained a different mix of the song from the original 1988 album, and different extended remixes were released as well.
"Vox" was also featured on McLachlan's 2005 Bloom: Remix Album as a contemporary dance remix by Tom Middleton.
Track listing
7": Arista / ASI-9804 United States
7": Arista / 112 217 Germany
12": Nettwerk / NT12 3023 Canada
12": Nettwerk / W1-3023 Canada
12": Arista / ADP-9805 United States
Mal Duncan
Malcolm "Mal" Arnold Duncan, currently known as Vox (also known as the Guardian, Hornblower, and the Herald), is a fictional character, existing in DC Comics' main shared universe. He made his first appearance in Teen Titans #26 (March–April 1970), and is one of DC's first black superheroes.
Fictional character biography
Pre-Crisis
Malcolm "Mal" Duncan saves the Teen Titans from a street gang called the Hell Hawks by beating their leader in a boxing match. Recruited by the Teen Titans, Mal feels unworthy due to his lack of abilities, and stows away on a rocket flight, which nearly costs him his life. After a time, Mal discovers a strength-enhancing exoskeleton and the costume of the Guardian. Using these, he becomes the second Guardian.
After assuming the Guardian mantle, Mal fights Azrael - The Angel of Death. Believing it to be a hallucination, Mal is surprised to awaken with the mystical Gabriel's Horn. Having defeated Azrael, Mal is permitted to live, provided he never loses another fight. The horn grants Mal unspecified powers, whenever the odds are against him in battle. Armed with the horn, Mal assumes the name Hornblower.
Naoki
Naoki is a very common Japanese given name.
People
Characters
See also
Kazu Naoki
Kazu Naoki (直木 和) is a former Japanese football player. He has played for Japan national team.
International career statistics
References
Podcasts:
