Maungdaw

Maungdaw (Burmese: မောင်တောမြို့; MLCTS: maung:tau mrui., pronounced: [máʊɴdɔ́ mjo̰]) is a town in the Rakhine State in the western part of Myanmar. It is the administrative seat of Maungdaw Township and Maungdaw District. Maungdaw is the westernmost city of Myanmar and borders Bangladesh. Maungdaw is 16 miles away from Buthidaung. The two towns are separated by the May Yu Mountains and are connected by two tunnels built in 1918.

Demographics

In 2008, the population was nearly 400,000 people. The majority of the populace, about 80%, are stateless Muslims of the Rohingya minority group. The Myanmarian government does not include Rohingya Muslims on its list of ethnic races, and thus does not recognize their claim on Burmese citizenship. The remainder of the populace consists of a wide range of ethnic groups, including Rakhine, Bamar, Daingnet, and Mro.

Education

As of 2011, there are eight high schools, 10 middle schools, 16 post-primary schools and 125 primary schools.

Economy

Maungdaw has conducted trade with the Bangladeshi town of Teknaf since September 1995.

Rakhine State

Rakhine State (Burmese: ရခိုင်ပြည်နယ်; MLCTS: rahkuing pranynai, Rakhine pronunciation [ɹəkʰàiɴ pɹènè]; Burmese pronunciation: [jəkʰàiɴ pjìnɛ̀]; formerly Arakan) is a state in Myanmar. Situated on the western coast, it is bordered by Chin State to the north, Magway Region, Bago Region and Ayeyarwady Region to the east, the Bay of Bengal to the west, and the Chittagong Division of Bangladesh to the northwest. It is located approximately between latitudes 17°30' north and 21°30' north and east longitudes 92°10' east and 94°50' east. The Arakan Mountains, rising to 3,063 metres (10,049 ft) at Victoria Peak, separate Rakhine State from central Burma. Off the coast of Rakhine State there are some fairly large islands such as Cheduba and Myingun Island. Rakhine State has an area of 36,762 square kilometres (14,194 sq mi) and its capital is Sittwe.

Etymology

The term Rakhine is believed to have been derived from the Pali word Rakkhapura (Sanskrit Raksapura), meaning "Land of Ogres" (Rakshas), possibly a pejorative referring to the original Negrito inhabitants. The Pali word "Rakkhapura" ("Rakkhita") means "land of the people of Rakhasa" (also Rakkha, Rakhaing). They were given this name in honour of their preservation of their national heritage and ethics or morality. The word Rakhine means, "one who maintains his own race." In the Rakhine language, the land is called Rakhinepray, the ethnic Rakhine are called Rakhinetha.

Myanmar

Myanmar (myan-MARⁱ/miɑːnˈmɑːr/ mee-ahn-MAR,/miˈɛnmɑːr/ mee-EN-mar or /maɪˈænmɑːr/ my-AN-mar (also with the stress on first syllable); Burmese pronunciation: [mjəmà]), officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia bordered by Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand. One-third of Myanmar's total perimeter of 1,930 km (1,200 miles) forms an uninterrupted coastline along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The country's 2014 census revealed a much lower population than expected, with 51 million people recorded. Myanmar is 676,578 square kilometres (261,227 sq mi) in size. Its capital city is Naypyidaw and its largest city is Yangon (Rangoon).

Early civilisations in Myanmar included the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states in Upper Burma and the Mon kingdoms in Lower Burma. In the 9th century, the Bamar people entered the upper Irrawaddy valley and, following the establishment of the Pagan Kingdom in the 1050s, the Burmese language, culture and Theravada Buddhism slowly became dominant in the country. The Pagan Kingdom fell due to the Mongol invasions and several warring states emerged. In the 16th century, reunified by the Taungoo Dynasty, the country was for a brief period the largest empire in the history of Southeast Asia. The early 19th century Konbaung Dynasty ruled over an area that included modern Myanmar and briefly controlled Manipur and Assam as well. The British conquered Myanmar after three Anglo-Burmese Wars in the 19th century and the country became a British colony. Myanmar became an independent nation in 1948, initially as a democratic nation and then, following a coup d'état in 1962, a military dictatorship. While the military dictatorship formally ended in 2011, most of the party leaders are former military officers.

Maungdaw Township

Maungdaw Township (Burmese: မောင်တောမြို့နယ် [máʊɴdɔ́ mjo̰nɛ̀]) is a township of Maungdaw District in the Rakhine State of Myanmar. The principal town is Maungdaw.

There is also a large Muslim population (roughly at 80%) in 2012. In July 2012, the Myanmar Government did not include the Bingali minority group–-classified as stateless Bengali Muslims from Bangladesh since 1982—on the government's list of more than 130 ethnic races and therefore the government says that they have no claim to Myanmar citizenship. Other 20% population are Rakhine, Bamar, Kamein, Khami, Daingnet, Mro and Thet.

There are five basic education high schools, three high schools (branches), eight middle schools, one middle school (branch), one affiliated middle school, 16 post-primary schools and 125 primary schools in 2010-11.

References

Border guard

A border guard of a country is a national security agency that performs border control, i.e., enforces the security of the country's national borders. Some of the national border guard agencies also perform coast guard (as in Germany or Ukraine) and rescue service duties.

Name and uniform

In different countries, names of particular border guard services vary significantly. The service may be called "police", "guard", "troops" or "sentinel" and the name would refer to the nation's official term for the state border - whether it is "frontier" or "border".

Most border guards of the world use dark green-colored elements on their uniform, insignia or flags.

Tasks

Peacetime duties

During peacetime special border patrolling forces, the Border guard, mans the chain of Border Outposts which are maintained all along international borders by countries to check smuggling, infiltration by spies of untrusted neighboring countries, insurgents bent on smuggling weapons and explosives for terrorist attacks and subversive activities, illegal immigration and human trafficking etc. Patrols go out regularly from the Border outposts to patrol the international border to check illegal crossings and track any footprints of those who may have crossed over illegally or attempted to. In case intrusion by foreign elements is confirmed, it is the responsibility of the Border guard based on the post to trace the intruders by checking the nearby settlements, villages and towns and inform the law enforcement agencies, Customs and Police authorities.