- published: 11 Sep 2015
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A surname or family name is a name added to a given name. In many cases, a surname is a family name and many dictionaries define "surname" as a synonym of "family name". In the western hemisphere, it is commonly synonymous with last name because it is usually placed at the end of a person's given name.
In most Spanish-speaking and Portuguese-speaking countries, two or more last names (or surnames) may be used. In China, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Madagascar, Taiwan, Vietnam, and parts of India, the family name is placed before a person's given name.
The style of having both a family name (surname) and a given name (forename) is far from universal. In many countries, it is common for ordinary people to have only one name or mononym.
The concept of a "surname" is a relatively recent historical development, evolving from a medieval naming practice called a "byname". Based on an individual's occupation or area of residence, a byname would be used in situations where more than one person had the same name.
René Descartes (/ˈdeɪˌkɑːrt/;French: [ʁəne dekaʁt]; Latinized: Renatus Cartesius; adjectival form: "Cartesian"; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist. Dubbed the father of modern western philosophy, much of subsequent Western philosophy is a response to his writings, which are studied closely to this day. He spent about 20 years of his life in the Dutch Republic.
Descartes's Meditations on First Philosophy continues to be a standard text at most university philosophy departments. Descartes's influence in mathematics is equally apparent; the Cartesian coordinate system — allowing reference to a point in space as a set of numbers, and allowing algebraic equations to be expressed as geometric shapes in a two- or three-dimensional coordinate system (and conversely, shapes to be described as equations) — was named after him. He is credited as the father of analytical geometry, the bridge between algebra and geometry, used in the discovery of infinitesimal calculus and analysis. Descartes was also one of the key figures in the scientific revolution.
I Am may refer to:
Cogito ergo sum is a Latin philosophical proposition by René Descartes usually translated into English as "I think, therefore I am". The phrase originally appeared in French as je pense, donc je suis in his Discourse on the Method, so as to reach a wider audience than Latin would have allowed. It appeared in Latin in his later Principles of Philosophy. As Descartes explained, "[W]e cannot doubt of our existence while we doubt … ." A fuller form, dubito, ergo cogito, ergo sum ("I doubt, therefore I think, therefore I am”), aptly captures Descartes’ intent.
This proposition became a fundamental element of Western philosophy, as it purported to form a secure foundation for knowledge in the face of radical doubt. While other knowledge could be a figment of imagination, deception, or mistake, Descartes asserted that the very act of doubting one's own existence served—at minimum—as proof of the reality of one's own mind; there must be a thinking entity—in this case the self—for there to be a thought.
Crash Course (also known as Driving Academy) is a 1988 made for television teen film directed by Oz Scott.
Crash Course centers on a group of high schoolers in a driver’s education class; many for the second or third time. The recently divorced teacher, super-passive Larry Pearl, is on thin ice with the football fanatic principal, Principal Paulson, who is being pressured by the district superintendent to raise driver’s education completion rates or lose his coveted football program. With this in mind, Principal Paulson and his assistant, with a secret desire for his job, Abner Frasier, hire an outside driver’s education instructor with a very tough reputation, Edna Savage, aka E.W. Savage, who quickly takes control of the class.
The plot focuses mostly on the students and their interactions with their teachers and each other. In the beginning, Rico is the loner with just a few friends, Chadley is the bookish nerd with few friends who longs to be cool and also longs to be a part of Vanessa’s life who is the young, friendly and attractive girl who had to fake her mother’s signature on her driver’s education permission slip. Kichi is the hip-hop Asian kid who often raps what he has to say and constantly flirts with Maria, the rich foreign girl who thinks that the right-of-way on the roadways always goes to (insert awesomely fake foreign Latino accent) “my father’s limo”. Finally you have stereotypical football meathead J.J., who needs to pass his English exam to keep his eligibility and constantly asks out and gets rejected by Alice, the tomboy whose father owns “Santini & Son” Concrete Company. Alice is portrayed as being the “son” her father wanted.
Actors: Mary Shellogg (miscellaneous crew), David 'Shark' Fralick (actor), James Kyson (actor), Tina Pavlides (producer), Tina Pavlides (producer), Laura Meadows (actress), Mark Sherman (actor), Travis Rust (editor), Chris Conrad (actor), Jeremy Jackson (actor), Debbon Ayer (actress), Julia Montgomery (actress), Krystyna Ahlers (actress), Marc Barnes (actor), Vanessa Knight (actress),
Plot: ALTERED REALITY offers a satiric behind-the-scenes peek at Reality TV, in a generation-defining comedy about the 20-something hipsters who produce it. From hilariously absurd scripted reality dating shoots, to the T&A; Network's Black Friday firings of its staff, realities shift non-stop for this young group of friends. Trust and betrayal, love and lust, hope and fear, risk and failure, cutting edge music, fashion and lingo all culminate to create the true world of reality television, captured by the ever present cameras. Welcome to the REALITY behind reality TV!
Genres: ,Actors: Takeshi Seyama (editor), Michael Forest (actor), Liam O'Brien (actor), Sam Riegel (actor), Sam Riegel (actor), Sam Riegel (actor), Steve Staley (actor), Dave Wittenberg (actor), Dave Wittenberg (actor), Dave Wittenberg (actor), Dave Wittenberg (actor), Dave Wittenberg (actor), Dave Wittenberg (actor), Dave Wittenberg (actor), Dave Wittenberg (actor),
Plot: Gungrave follows the story of best friends Brandon Heat and Harry MacDowell as they join and rise in the ranks of Big Daddy's Millenion crime syndicate. The story begins in the future revealing Brandon Heat has become a creature now known as Beyond The Grave killing monsters with two very large guns and wicked looking machine gun on his back and that Harry MacDowell is now the Boss of Mellinion and has become a cruel leader who has earned himself the nickname Bloody Harry. The story strafes between the past and the future to reveal why Brandon has become a non-talking monster killer and the series of events that caused Harry to become so evil.
Keywords: anime, anti-hero, assassin, based-on-video-game, beyond-the-grave, big-gun, ceruberus, coffin, crime-family, criminal-syndicateActors: Aya Hisakawa (actress), Crispin Freeman (actor), Rachael Lillis (actress), Satomi Koorogi (actress), Crispin Freeman (actor), Akiko Yajima (actress), Tara Sands (actress), Crispin Freeman (actor), Shin'ichirô Miki (actor), Crispin Freeman (actor), Debora Rabbai (actress), Debora Rabbai (actress), Yuka Imai (actress), Tristan Goddard (actor), Tristan Goddard (actor),
Plot: The brave men and women of Kagura Total Security work 'round the clock to rid the world of its most troublesome pests- phantoms! Their only weapons: their wits, the most advanced computer technology, and ... REALLY BIG GUNS! Okay, so they're a bunch of trigger-happy lunatics. But when a young friend gets kidnapped by a mysterious enemy, the Kagura team is her only hope. boy, is she in trouble...
Keywords: animal-human-communication, anime, bare-breasts, based-on-manga, cat, cat-girl, human-animal-relationship, kidnapping, machine-gun, shapeshiftingActors: Unshô Ishizuka (actor), Lex Lang (actor), Kaneta Kimotsuki (actor), Tom Fahn (actor), Michael Forest (actor), William Knight (actor), Ryô Horikawa (actor), Steve Blum (actor), Bob Buchholz (actor), Steve Bulen (actor), Daisuke Gôri (actor), Michael Gregory (actor), Eddie Frierson (actor), Dan Martin (actor), Dave Mallow (actor),
Plot: Trigun takes place in the distant future on a deserted planet. Vash the Stampede is a gunfighter with a legend so ruthless that he has a $$60,000,000,000 bounty on his head. Entire towns evacuate at the rumor of his arrival. However, the real Vash the Stampede is not the same man that rumor portrays him to be. The enigmatic and conflicted lead character in Trigun is actually more heroic in nature; as well as a complete and utter idiot at times.
Keywords: able-to-see-the-dead, anime, based-on-comic, based-on-manga, bounty-hunter, brother-brother-relationship, cult-tv, dark-horse-comics, desert-planet, doughnutActors: Göran Järvefelt (miscellaneous crew), Lars Forssell (writer), Bengt Wennehorst-Norrman (miscellaneous crew), Hans Rydström (miscellaneous crew), Birgitta Svendén (actress), Margareta Hallin (actress), Istvan Kisch (actor), Sten Wahlund (actor), Sten Wahlund (actor), Keijo Salmela (actor), Curt Appelgren (actor), Hans Johansson (actor), Curt Appelgren (actor), Laszlo Szalai (miscellaneous crew), Ingrid Lundberg (miscellaneous crew),
Genres: ,Actors: Brigitte Catillon (actress), Jacqueline Staup (actress), Daniel Mesguich (actor), Sylvain Levignac (actor), Jacques Nolot (actor), Claude Lelouch (producer), Albert Delpy (actor), Marc Berman (actor), Roland Amstutz (actor), Jean Dasté (actor), Patrick Floersheim (actor), Maurice Chevit (actor), Gérard Croce (actor), Georges Klotz (editor), Louba Guertchikoff (actress),
Plot: Who was Moliere? He is known everywhere as one of the world's greatest playwrights. But who was he? Born Jean-Baptiste Poquelin in 1622, the son of a prosperous tapestry maker. His mother died when he was a boy. Growing up in the teeming streets of 17th century Paris, Jean Baptiste received a good Jesuit education and was fascinated by the street fairs and traveling carnivals that flourished in spite of the religious repression and hypocrisy of those cruel times. As a young man he joined the theatrical Bejart family to establish the Illustre-Theatre, which soon went bankrupt. The troupe reformed, found patronage, and went on the road for thirteen years, performing all over France. Poquelin developed his stagecraft adapting Commedia dell Arte plots to please brutalized peasants and cynical townspeople. He also married Madeline Bejart, the widowed daughter of the troupe's founder. Later he entered into a love affair with Mme Bejart's daughter, to the dismay of all. The troupe eventually returned to Paris and, on October 24, 1658, greatly impressed the 20-year old King Louis XIV, later to be called the Sun King. Moliere's life became bound up with the magnificent court at Versailles, and with its intrigues. He wrote, staged and acted in the plays now famous all over the world. He fought with his enemies and his friends, enjoyed success followed by failure, organized court festivities and defended himself against increasingly fanatic religious authorities. Above all, his theater was taken from life as his life was theatrical.
Keywords: 1630s, 1640s, 1650s, 1660s, 1670s, 17th-century, actor, actress, bigotry, carnivalActors: Jacques Galland (actor), Yves Brainville (actor), André Dumas (actor), Georges Douking (actor), Alain Nobis (actor), André Valmy (actor), Jeanne Herviale (actress), Yves Arcanel (actor), Jacques Maury (actor), Marcel Champel (actor), Louis Lyonnet (actor), Jean Vinci (actor), Hélène Vallier (actress), Robert Bazil (actor), Georges Aubert (actor),
Genres: ,Actors: Jack Mulhall (actor), Edward McWade (actor), Stanley Andrews (actor), Miles Mander (actor), Egon Brecher (actor), André Cheron (actor), Albert Conti (actor), Jean De Briac (actor), Reginald Denny (actor), Rudolph Anders (actor), Leonard Carey (actor), Jon Hall (actor), Armand Kaliz (actor), Keye Luke (actor), George Regas (actor),
Genres: Comedy, Musical,Rene Descartes is perhaps the world’s best known-philosopher, in large part because of his pithy statement, ‘I think therefore I am.’ He stands out as an example of what intellectual self-confidence can bring us. Please subscribe here: http://tinyurl.com/o28mut7 If you like our films take a look at our shop (we ship worldwide): http://www.theschooloflife.com/shop/all/ Brought to you by http://www.theschooloflife.com Produced in collaboration with Mad Adam Films http://www.madadamfilms.co.uk
En este primer vídeo de Descartes os presentamos el intento cartesiano de crear un método de conocimiento y la duda metódica. Ayuda al canal: https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted;_button_id=FBTFQKE7GCFK6 Si necesitáis aclaraciones extra o queréis que se amplíe algo, podéis utilizar los comentarios. Como siempre digo, estos materiales son un complemento educativo que de ninguna manera puede sustituir vuestros libros o las enseñanzas de vuestros profes. Reale y Antiseri: Historia del Pensamiento Filosófico y Científico. Tomo II. Herder. Manuel Maceiras, Julián Arroyo y Ramón Emilio Mandado: Historia de la Filosofía 2 Bachillerato. SM. He abierto una página de Facebook donde podéis estar al tanto de las últimas novedades del canal: https://www.facebook.com/unboxi...
This week Hank introduces skepticism, exploring everything from the nature of reality through the eyes of a 17th century philosopher and, of course, The Matrix. -- PBS Digital Studios wants to get to know you better! If you have 10 minutes, we'd really appreciate it AND you'll be entered for a chance to win a t-shirt! https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/pbsds2016 -- Images and video via VideoBlocks or Wikimedia Commons, licensed under Creative Commons by 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ "The Matrix" stills copyright 1999 Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. “Crowd with Violin Playing” by Freesound user alukahn: http://freesound.org/people/alukahn/sounds/144139/ -- Produced in collaboration with PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudios Crash Course Philosop...
Inscreva-se em nosso canal: https://www.youtube.com/user/profandersonpinho?sub_confirmation=1 Faça nossos cursos gratuitos de Filosofia Medieval e Direitos Humanos para ENEM e Vestibulares É só clicar aqui: http://filosofiaesociologia.com.br/ Curta nossa página: https://www.facebook.com/profandersonpinho ------------------------------------------------ O racionalismo de Descartes ------------------------------------------------ René Descartes (1596 – 1650) é “o” filósofo da modernidade. Ele sintetiza o espírito do seu tempo e problematiza o que será discutido a partir dele. Ele nasceu na França e estudou no melhor colégio daquele país, que obviamente era jesuíta e onde se ensinava a doutrina escolástica aristotélico-tomista, é claro. 1.1 O espírito mecanicista A sociedade de sua épo...
"I think, therefore I am" - almost everyone has heard of René Descartes' famous cogito argument. But what is this argument about? What does it show, and why are so many philosophers excited about it - even today, more than 350 years after Descartes first presented this argument? In this Wireless Philosophy video, Stephan Schmid (Humboldt) explores these questions. Help us caption & translate this video! http://amara.org/v/Gqmp/
Rossellini extrai trechos inteiros de algumas das obras fundamentais do pensador, como O Discurso do Método (1637) e as Meditações Metafísicas (1641), para compor as ações "dramáticas" do personagem. São procedimentos teóricos de Descartes, cuja função seria fundar a autonomia do pensamento racional diante da fé. Vale dizer que, naquela época, toda démarche racionalista tinha de ser, também, uma negociação com a autoridade religiosa. Donde, nas Meditações, Descartes precisar, primeiro, ocupar-se das provas da existência de Deus, para apenas depois afirmar que o Cogito (a Razão) se sustenta por si só. "Eu sou, eu existo", deduz, pelo simples fato de pensar. A conclusão entrou para a história do conhecimento como a frase famosa "Penso, logo existo".
From the BBC Radio 4 series about life's big questions - http://www.bbc.co.uk/historyofideas “I think, therefore I am” This is Descartes' famous Cogito argument: Cogito Ergo Sum. This short animation explains how he came to this conclusion of certainty when surrounded by uncertainty and doubt. Narrated by Stephen Fry. Scripted by Nigel Warburton. This project is from the BBC in partnership with The Open University, the animations were created by Cognitive.
Ya te estoy recordando, Rosana,
Aunque no te hayas ido,
El lucero que brilla mañana
Es lo que te he querido.
Ya te estoy recordando, elegida,
Como un reo en la sombra
Resucita el color de la vida,
Lo acaricia y lo nombra.
Ni un centavo te cuesta este beso,
Pues mi alma lo paga.
Sólo espero lo mismo por eso,
Hasta el fin de la saga.
Cuando escriban la vida los buenos,
Al final vencedores,
Se sabrá que no usamos veneno
Como aroma de flores.
Brotará de la sangre ternura,
Inocencia y espejos
Donde irán a correr travesuras
Nuevos niños y viejos.
Servirá de señal cada huella
De las horas felices.
Se sabrá tanto de las estrellas
Como de cicatrices.
Y el camino que emprendas, Rosana,
Será mejor a veces,
Porque en otros momentos, cubana,
Tu llorarás con creces.
Ya te vas. Yo no me quedo y no atino
A saber qué ha pasado.
Sólo sé que, por causa o destino,
Ya no estás a mi lado.