name | S-125 Neva/PechoraNATO reporting name: SA-3 Goa |
---|---|
origin | |
type | Strategic SAM system |
is vehicle | yes |
is uk | yes |
service | 1963-present |
used by | See list of present and former operator |
wars | Yom Kippur War, Kosovo War, Iran-Iraq War, Gulf War, Angolan Civil War |
designer | Almaz Central Design Bureau |
design date | 1960s |
manufacturer | JSC Defense Systems (Pechora-M) |
production date | 1963-present |
variants | Neva, Pechora, Volna, Neva-M, Neva-M1, Volna-M, Volna-N, Volna-P, Pechora 2, Pechora 2M, Newa SC, Pechora-M |
crew | |
transport | }} |
On 7 June 1980, while attacking SWAPO's Tobias Haneko Training Camp during Operation Sceptic (Smokeshell), SAAF Major Frans Pretorius and Captain IC du Plessis, both flying Mirage F.1s, were hit by SA-3s. Pretorius's aircraft was hit in a fuel line and he had to perform a deadstick landing at AFB Ondangwa. DU Plessis's aircraft sustained heavier damage and had to divert to Ruacana forward airstrip, were he landed with only the main undercarriage extended. Both aircraft were repaired and returned to service.
Syria deployed it for the first time during the 1973 Yom Kippur War and also during the 1982 Lebanon war. In fighting over the Beqaa Valley, however, the IAF managed to neutralize the SAM threat by launching Operation Mole Cricket 19, in which several SA-3 batteries, along with SA-2s and SA-6s, were destroyed in a single day.
Two days before, a B-52G was damaged by a SAM which could have been an SA-3 or an SA-6.
During the war, different Yugoslav SAM sites and possibly the SA-3 also shot down some NATO UAV's.
However, apart from the two isolated successes achieved on two USAF strike aircraft, the Kosovo war demonstrated the obsolescence of these fixed SAM sites and its unreliability as part of an integrated air defence system: dozens of missiles were fired with only two aircraft downed, Despite the fact that the air defense systems are relocated on the newly created firing positions by the Engineer Units, up to 80 percent of Yugoslav Fixed SA-3 sites were destroyed during the war and NATO strikers demolished most of the strategic infrastructure in Yugoslavia with limited challenge.
name | V-600 |
---|---|
origin | |
type | Surface-to-air missile |
is missile | yes |
is uk | yes |
used by | |
variants | V-600, V-601 |
spec label | V-601 |
weight | 953 kg |
length | 6.09 m |
diameter | 375 mm |
crew | |
filling | Frag-HE |
filling weight | 60 kg |
detonation | Command |
yield | |
wingspan | 2.2 m |
propellant | Solid propellant rocket motor |
vehicle range | |
altitude | |
guidance | RF CLOS |
transport | }} |
The later version is named V-601 (or 5V27). It has a length of 6.09 m, a wing span of 2.2 m and a body diameter of 0.375 m. This missile weighs 953 kg at launch, and has a 70 kg warhead containing 33 kg of HE and 4,500 fragments. The minimum range is 3.5 km, and the maximum is 35 km (with the Pechora 2A). The intercept altitudes are between 100 m and 18 km.
"Flat Face"/"Squat Eye" is mounted on a van ("Squat Eye" on a taller mast for better performance against low-altitude targets also an IFF [Identifies Friend or Foe]), "Low Blow" on a trailer and "Side Net" on a box-bodied trailer.
The first launcher type was the two-missile ZIF-101, with a magazine for 16 missiles. In 1963 an improved two-missile launcher, ZIF-102, with a magazine for 32 missiles, was introduced to new ship classes. In 1967 Volna systems were upgraded to Volna-M (SA-N-1B) with V-601 (4K91) missiles (range: 4–22 km, altitude: 0.1–14 km).
In 1974 - 1976 some systems were modernized to Volna-P standard, with an additional TV target tracking channel and better resistance to jamming. Later, improved V-601M missiles were introduced, with lower minimal attack altitude against aerial targets (system Volna-N).
Some Indian frigates also carry the M-1 Volna system.
In 1999, a Russian-Belarusian financial-industrial consortium called Oboronitelnye Sistemy (Defense Systems) was awarded a contract to overhaul Egypt's S-125 SAM system. These refurbished weapons have been reintroduced as the S-125 Pechora 2M.
In 2001, Poland began offering an upgrade to the S-125 known as the Newa SC. This replaced many analogue components with digital ones for improved reliability and accuracy. This upgrade also involves mounting the missile launcher on a T-55 tank chassis (a TEL), greatly improving mobility and also adds IFF capability and data links. Radar is mounted on an 8-wheeled heavy truck chassis (formerly used for Scud launchers). Serbian modifications include terminal/camera homing from radar base.
Later the same year, the Russian version was upgraded again to the Pechora-M which upgraded almost all aspects of the system - the rocket motor, radar, guidance, warhead, fuse and electronics. There is an added laser/infra-red tracking device to allow launching of missiles without the use of the radar.
There is also a version of the S-125 available from Russia with the warhead replaced with telemetry instrumentation, for use as target drones.
In October, 2010, Ukrainian Aerotechnica announced a modernized version of S-125 named S-125-2D Pechora.
Category:Cold War surface-to-air missiles of the Soviet Union Category:Naval surface-to-air missiles Category:Iraq War guided missiles
az:Zenit raket kompleksi S125 bg:С-125 de:S-125 Newa ko:S-125 it:S-125 he:S-125 נייבה jv:S-125 hu:SZ–125 Nyeva–M ja:S-125 (ミサイル) pl:S-125 ru:С-125 sr:С-125 Нева fi:Isajev S-125 sv:S-125 tr:SA-3 Goa vi:S-125 Neva/Pechora zh:SA-3导弹This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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