Radio

Radio is the use of radio waves is to carry information, such as sound, by systematically modulating some property of electromagnetic energy waves transmitted through space, such as their amplitude, frequency, phase, or pulse width. When radio waves strike an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor. The information in the waves can be extracted and transformed back into its original form.

Radio systems need a transmitter to modulate (change) some property of the energy produced to impress a signal on it, for example using amplitude modulation or angle modulation (which can be frequency modulation or phase modulation). Radio systems also need an antenna to convert electric currents into radio waves, and vice versa. An antenna can be used for both transmitting and receiving. The electrical resonance of tuned circuits in radios allow individual stations to be selected. The electromagnetic wave is intercepted by a tuned receiving antenna. A radio receiver receives its input from an antenna and converts it into a form usable for the consumer, such as sound, pictures, digital data, measurement values, navigational positions, etc. Radio frequencies occupy the range from a 3 kHz to 300 GHz, although commercially important uses of radio use only a small part of this spectrum.

The xx

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The xx are an English indie pop band formed in 2005 in Wandsworth, London. The group released its debut album, xx, in August 2009. The album was a commercial and critical success and was ranked highly on many best of 2009 lists, including number one on the list compiled by The Guardian and second for NME. In 2010, the band won the Mercury Music Prize for its debut album. Their second album, Coexist, was released on 10 September 2012.

History

2005–2009: formation

The band members met whilst studying at Elliott School, the same school that produced Hot Chip, Burial, Four Tet, and Pierce Brosnan. The group has however downplayed the influence of the school on its career: "A teacher from Elliott who had never even taught us said how great we were. It's a bit annoying. We were left alone, more than anything – although I'm sure that helped us in its own way." Oliver Sim and Romy Madley-Croft started the band as a duo when they were 15. Guitarist Baria Qureshi joined once it began performing in 2005, with Jamie Smith joining a year after.

Kris Kross

Kris Kross formed in the early 1990s, consisting of James Christopher "Mac Daddy" or "Miggida Miggida Mac" Kelly (August 11, 1978 – May 1, 2013) and Christopher "Daddy Mac" Smith (born January 10, 1979). The duo hit worldwide status with the smash 1992 "Jump", which was No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for eight weeks and certified double platinum as a single. The duo followed up with many more platinum, gold singles and albums such as "Warm It Up", "Tonight's tha Night" and "Young, Rich & Dangerous". Kris Kross was also noted for their fashion style, which consisted of wearing their clothing backwards. James Christopher Kelly and Christopher Smith's friendship began in first grade. The duo was discovered at an Atlanta shopping mall in 1991 by then 19-year-old Jermaine Dupri.

History

Atlanta natives James Christopher Kelly (August 11, 1978 – May 1, 2013) and Christopher Smith's (born Jan 10, 1979) friendship began in first grade. The duo was discovered at an Atlanta shopping mall in 1991 by then 19-year-old Jermaine Dupri.

Cheating in video games

Cheating in video games involves a video game player using non-standard methods to create an advantage or disadvantage beyond normal gameplay, in order to make the game easier or harder. Cheats may be activated from within the game itself (a cheat code implemented by the original game developers), or created by third-party software (a game trainer) or hardware (a cheat cartridge). They can also be realised by exploiting software bugs, but if it is really cheating is also matter of common knowledge. Software bugs are very often considered software features and as long as they are common knowledge, it is questionable whether it is cheating.

History

Cheating in video games has existed for almost their entire history. The first cheat codes were put in place for play testing purposes. Playtesters had to rigorously test the mechanics of a game and introduced cheat codes to make this process easier. An early cheat code can be found in Manic Miner, where typing "6031769" (based on Matthew Smith's driving licence) enables the cheat mode. An early trainer for a game was for Wizardry: Proving Grounds of the Mad Overlord (1981); within months of its release at least two commercial products appeared. 1983 advertisements for "The Great Escape Utility", a similar product for Castle Wolfenstein (1981), promised that the $15 product "remodels every feature of the game. Stop startup delays, crashes and chest waiting. Get any item, in any quantity. Start in any room, at any rank. Handicap your aim. Even add items".