- published: 04 Feb 2015
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The soul in many religions, philosophical and mythological traditions, is the incorporeal and immortal essence of a living being. According to Abrahamic religions, only human beings have immortal souls. For example, the Catholic theologian Thomas Aquinas attributed "soul" (anima) to all organisms but argued that only human souls are immortal. Other religions (most notably Jainism and Hinduism) teach that all biological organisms have souls, while some teach that even non-biological entities (such as rivers and mountains) possess souls. This latter belief is called animism.
Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle understood that the psyche (ψυχή) must have a logical faculty, the exercise of which was the most divine of human actions. At his defense trial, Socrates even summarized his teaching as nothing other than an exhortation for his fellow Athenians to excel in matters of the psyche since all bodily goods are dependent on such excellence (The Apology 30a–b).
Anima mundi is the concept of a "world soul" connecting all living organisms on the planet.
Soul music is a popular music genre that originated in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues and jazz. Soul music became popular for dancing and listening in the United States; where record labels such as Motown, Atlantic and Stax were influential in the civil rights era. Soul also became popular around the world, directly influencing rock music and the music of Africa.
According to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, soul is "music that arose out of the black experience in America through the transmutation of gospel and rhythm & blues into a form of funky, secular testifying". Catchy rhythms, stressed by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves, are an important feature of soul music. Other characteristics are a call and response between the soloist and the chorus, and an especially tense vocal sound. The style also occasionally uses improvisational additions, twirls and auxiliary sounds. Soul music reflected the African-American identity, it stressed the importance of an African-American culture. The new-found African-American consciousness led to new music, which boasted pride in being black.
James Joseph Brown (May 3, 1933 – December 25, 2006) was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer and bandleader. The founding father of funk music and a major figure of 20th century popular music and dance, he is often referred to as the "Godfather of Soul". In a career that spanned six decades, Brown influenced the development of several music genres.
Brown began his career as a gospel singer in Toccoa, Georgia. Joining an R&B vocal group called the Avons that later evolved to become the Flames, Brown served as the group's lead singer. First coming to national public attention in the late 1950s as a member of the singing group the Famous Flames with the hit ballads "Please, Please, Please" and "Try Me", Brown built a reputation as a tireless live performer with the Famous Flames and his backing band, sometimes known as the James Brown Band or the James Brown Orchestra. Brown's success peaked in the 1960s with the live album Live at the Apollo and hit singles such as "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag", "I Got You (I Feel Good)" and "It's a Man's Man's Man's World". During the late 1960s, Brown moved from a continuum of blues and gospel-based forms and styles to a profoundly "Africanized" approach to music-making that influenced the development of funk music. By the early 1970s, Brown had fully established the funk sound after the formation of the J.B.s with records such as "Get Up (I Feel Like Being a) Sex Machine" and "The Payback". Brown also became notable for songs of social commentary, including the 1968 hit "Say It Loud - I'm Black and I'm Proud". Brown continued to perform and record until his death in 2006 from congestive heart failure.
Samuel Cook (January 22, 1931 – December 11, 1964), known professionally as Sam Cooke, was an American singer, songwriter, and entrepreneur.
Influential as both a singer and composer, he is commonly known as the King of Soul for his distinctive vocals and importance within popular music. His pioneering contributions to soul music contributed to the rise of Aretha Franklin, Bobby Womack, Al Green, Curtis Mayfield, Stevie Wonder, Marvin Gaye, and Billy Preston, and popularized the likes of Otis Redding and James Brown.AllMusic biographer Bruce Eder wrote that Cooke was "the inventor of soul music", and possessed "an incredible natural singing voice and a smooth, effortless delivery that has never been surpassed".
Cooke had 30 U.S. top 40 hits between 1957 and 1964, plus three more posthumously. Major hits like "You Send Me", "A Change Is Gonna Come", "Cupid", "Chain Gang", "Wonderful World", and "Twistin' the Night Away" are some of his most popular songs. Cooke was also among the first modern black performers and composers to attend to the business side of his musical career. He founded both a record label and a publishing company as an extension of his careers as a singer and composer. He also took an active part in the civil rights movement.
Aretha Louise Franklin (born March 25, 1942) is an American singer and musician. Franklin began her career singing gospel at her father, minister C. L. Franklin's church as a child. In 1960, at the age of 18, Franklin embarked on a secular career, recording for Columbia Records but only achieving modest success. Following her signing to Atlantic Records in 1967, Franklin achieved commercial acclaim and success with songs such as "Respect", "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman" and "Think". These hits and more helped her to gain the title The Queen of Soul by the end of the 1960s decade.
Franklin eventually recorded a total of 112 charted singles on Billboard, including 77 Hot 100 entries, 17 top ten pop singles, 100 R&B entries and twenty number-one R&B singles, becoming the most charted female artist in the chart's history. Franklin also recorded acclaimed albums such as I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You, Lady Soul, Young, Gifted & Black and Amazing Grace before experiencing problems with her record company by the mid-1970s. After her father was shot in 1979, Franklin left Atlantic and signed with Arista Records, finding success with her part in the film, The Blues Brothers and with the albums, Jump to It and Who's Zoomin' Who?. In 1998, Franklin won international acclaim for singing the opera aria, "Nessun Dorma", at the Grammys of that year replacing Luciano Pavarotti. Later that same year, she scored her final Top 40 recording with "A Rose Is Still a Rose". Franklin's other popular and well known hits include, "Rock Steady", "Something He Can Feel" (from the soundtrack to the 1976 film Sparkle), "Jump to It", "Freeway of Love", "Who's Zoomin' Who", "Sisters Are Doin' It for Themselves", "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)" (with George Michael), "It Isn't, It Wasn't, It Ain't Never Gonna Be" (with Whitney Houston) and a remake of The Rolling Stones song "Jumpin' Jack Flash".
Actors: Michael Riley (miscellaneous crew), Jeff Galpin (miscellaneous crew), Jan McWilliams (miscellaneous crew), Emily Rice (miscellaneous crew), Nick Wechsler (producer), Ashley Kravitz (miscellaneous crew), Frances Fisher (actress), Diane Kruger (actress), Frédéric North (miscellaneous crew), William Hurt (actor), J.D. Evermore (actor), Diane Kruger (actress), Bokeem Woodbine (actor), Samuel W. Sullivan (miscellaneous crew), Philip J. Strina (miscellaneous crew),
Plot: A race of aliens who are non corporeal go from planet to planet looking for hosts. They come to Earth and basically take over human bodies. Now it's believed that once they take over a body all memories of the previous inhabitant are gone. And there are some humans who have remain hidden from them and are basically a resistance movement. So an alien charged with locating them known as the Seeker captures one of them a girl named Melanie and puts one of them who is known as Wanderer in her body, in hopes of finding out where the humans are. But Melanie for some reason is still there and she convinces Wanderer not to say anything to Seeker. Wanderer feels empathy for the humans. When Seeker is disappointed at her lack of progress, she informs Wanderer that she'll be removed and placed in a new host and she will be placed in Melanie. Melanie knowing she can't convince her the way she convinced Wanderer convinces Wsnderer to run away and they can meet with the humans. Eventually they find them but only want to kill her but Jeb, Melanie's uncle for some reason doesn't want to. Jared, Melanie's boyfriend wants her dead too. But Ian someone Jeb tasked with keeping her safe finds himself attracted to her but Melanie won't allow it because she wants to go back to Jared. But how do they get Wanderer out of her. And Seeker is trying to find her.
Keywords: alien, alien-creature, alien-invasion, backhand-slap, barefoot-woman, based-on-novel, based-on-young-adult-novel, body-snatching, camera-shot-of-feet, canteenActors: Michael Riley (miscellaneous crew), Jeff Galpin (miscellaneous crew), Jan McWilliams (miscellaneous crew), Emily Rice (miscellaneous crew), Nick Wechsler (producer), Ashley Kravitz (miscellaneous crew), Frances Fisher (actress), Diane Kruger (actress), Frédéric North (miscellaneous crew), William Hurt (actor), J.D. Evermore (actor), Diane Kruger (actress), Bokeem Woodbine (actor), Samuel W. Sullivan (miscellaneous crew), Philip J. Strina (miscellaneous crew),
Plot: A race of aliens who are non corporeal go from planet to planet looking for hosts. They come to Earth and basically take over human bodies. Now it's believed that once they take over a body all memories of the previous inhabitant are gone. And there are some humans who have remain hidden from them and are basically a resistance movement. So an alien charged with locating them known as the Seeker captures one of them a girl named Melanie and puts one of them who is known as Wanderer in her body, in hopes of finding out where the humans are. But Melanie for some reason is still there and she convinces Wanderer not to say anything to Seeker. Wanderer feels empathy for the humans. When Seeker is disappointed at her lack of progress, she informs Wanderer that she'll be removed and placed in a new host and she will be placed in Melanie. Melanie knowing she can't convince her the way she convinced Wanderer convinces Wsnderer to run away and they can meet with the humans. Eventually they find them but only want to kill her but Jeb, Melanie's uncle for some reason doesn't want to. Jared, Melanie's boyfriend wants her dead too. But Ian someone Jeb tasked with keeping her safe finds himself attracted to her but Melanie won't allow it because she wants to go back to Jared. But how do they get Wanderer out of her. And Seeker is trying to find her.
Keywords: alien, alien-creature, alien-invasion, backhand-slap, barefoot-woman, based-on-novel, based-on-young-adult-novel, body-snatching, camera-shot-of-feet, canteenActors: Michael Riley (miscellaneous crew), Jeff Galpin (miscellaneous crew), Jan McWilliams (miscellaneous crew), Emily Rice (miscellaneous crew), Nick Wechsler (producer), Ashley Kravitz (miscellaneous crew), Frances Fisher (actress), Diane Kruger (actress), Frédéric North (miscellaneous crew), William Hurt (actor), J.D. Evermore (actor), Diane Kruger (actress), Bokeem Woodbine (actor), Samuel W. Sullivan (miscellaneous crew), Philip J. Strina (miscellaneous crew),
Plot: A race of aliens who are non corporeal go from planet to planet looking for hosts. They come to Earth and basically take over human bodies. Now it's believed that once they take over a body all memories of the previous inhabitant are gone. And there are some humans who have remain hidden from them and are basically a resistance movement. So an alien charged with locating them known as the Seeker captures one of them a girl named Melanie and puts one of them who is known as Wanderer in her body, in hopes of finding out where the humans are. But Melanie for some reason is still there and she convinces Wanderer not to say anything to Seeker. Wanderer feels empathy for the humans. When Seeker is disappointed at her lack of progress, she informs Wanderer that she'll be removed and placed in a new host and she will be placed in Melanie. Melanie knowing she can't convince her the way she convinced Wanderer convinces Wsnderer to run away and they can meet with the humans. Eventually they find them but only want to kill her but Jeb, Melanie's uncle for some reason doesn't want to. Jared, Melanie's boyfriend wants her dead too. But Ian someone Jeb tasked with keeping her safe finds himself attracted to her but Melanie won't allow it because she wants to go back to Jared. But how do they get Wanderer out of her. And Seeker is trying to find her.
Keywords: alien, alien-creature, alien-invasion, backhand-slap, barefoot-woman, based-on-novel, based-on-young-adult-novel, body-snatching, camera-shot-of-feet, canteenActors: Molly Hall (actress), Molly Hall (actress), Tony Bartele (actor), Quintin Ross (producer), Quintin Ross (miscellaneous crew), Quintin Ross (producer), Michael Noir (director), Michael Noir (producer), Michael Noir (editor), Michael Noir (writer), Ransom Pugh (actor), Ransom Pugh (actor), Michael Noir (producer), Michael Noir (writer), Alexa Raye (actress),
Genres: Drama, Sci-Fi, Short, Thriller,Actors: Michael Riley (miscellaneous crew), Jeff Galpin (miscellaneous crew), Jan McWilliams (miscellaneous crew), Emily Rice (miscellaneous crew), Nick Wechsler (producer), Ashley Kravitz (miscellaneous crew), Frances Fisher (actress), Diane Kruger (actress), Frédéric North (miscellaneous crew), William Hurt (actor), J.D. Evermore (actor), Diane Kruger (actress), Bokeem Woodbine (actor), Samuel W. Sullivan (miscellaneous crew), Philip J. Strina (miscellaneous crew),
Plot: A race of aliens who are non corporeal go from planet to planet looking for hosts. They come to Earth and basically take over human bodies. Now it's believed that once they take over a body all memories of the previous inhabitant are gone. And there are some humans who have remain hidden from them and are basically a resistance movement. So an alien charged with locating them known as the Seeker captures one of them a girl named Melanie and puts one of them who is known as Wanderer in her body, in hopes of finding out where the humans are. But Melanie for some reason is still there and she convinces Wanderer not to say anything to Seeker. Wanderer feels empathy for the humans. When Seeker is disappointed at her lack of progress, she informs Wanderer that she'll be removed and placed in a new host and she will be placed in Melanie. Melanie knowing she can't convince her the way she convinced Wanderer convinces Wsnderer to run away and they can meet with the humans. Eventually they find them but only want to kill her but Jeb, Melanie's uncle for some reason doesn't want to. Jared, Melanie's boyfriend wants her dead too. But Ian someone Jeb tasked with keeping her safe finds himself attracted to her but Melanie won't allow it because she wants to go back to Jared. But how do they get Wanderer out of her. And Seeker is trying to find her.
Keywords: alien, alien-creature, alien-invasion, backhand-slap, barefoot-woman, based-on-novel, based-on-young-adult-novel, body-snatching, camera-shot-of-feet, canteenActors: Christo Dimassis (actor), Michael Frost (editor), Roger M. Mayer (producer), Christo Dimassis (producer), Chelsey Hemstreet (costume designer), Yannis Zafeiriou (producer), Krystyna Ahlers (actress), Scotty Dickert (actor), Thomai Hatsios (director), Thomai Hatsios (writer), Thomai Hatsios (producer), Brad Detanna (miscellaneous crew), Rob Mor (actor), Brad Detanna (actor), Sam Gasch (actor),
Genres: Comedy, Music, Romance, Short,Actors: Brian Kaufman (editor), Brian Kaufman (writer), Brian Kaufman (writer), Brian Kaufman (composer), Brian Kaufman (director), Christopher Ortiz (actor), Jared Giesler (composer), William Beisley (composer), Matthew Heim (actor), Jonathan Norgrove (actor), Elena Corsair (actress), Kassandra Talmadge (actor), Steven Frey (actor),
Genres: Animation, Comedy, Drama, Short,Actors: Jsu Garcia (producer), Jsu Garcia (writer), Jsu Garcia (director), Sally Kirkland (actress), Jsu Garcia (actor), Rick Ojeda (producer), Rick Ojeda (actor), Brian Voelkerding (editor), Dawn Noel (actress), John-Roger (writer), John-Roger (director), John-Roger (producer), Sascha Rosemann (actor), William "Will" Daubert (actor), Steven M. Morales (miscellaneous crew),
Plot: Takes a brief look into one man's life as he attempts suicide, but is then graced with an encounter with the ArchAngel Gabrielle; a heavenly feminine form of Gabrielle. Gabrielle brief time with Finn helps him to open his eyes; to open his heart, and to see who he really is; to see what his life is really about.
Genres: Adventure, Drama, Sci-Fi, Short,Actors: Tim Bevan (producer), Tuva Novotny (actress), Eric Fellner (producer), Ruby Dee (actress), Timothy White (producer), Nathaniel Lees (actor), Don McGlashan (composer), Chris Plummer (editor), Jacob McIntyre (miscellaneous crew), Michelle Ang (actress), Philippa Campbell (producer), Alex Cole-Baker (miscellaneous crew), Nathan Meister (actor), Taungaroa Emile (actor), Rene Naufahu (actor),
Plot: Living in Mt. Roskill, Auckland, Nana Maria struggles to get her grandchildren together for a traditional Fijian feast in which she means to name her successor as Matriarch. Film runs over about a 18 hour or so period of time.
Keywords: alcohol, digit-in-title, discontent, drunkenness, family-feud, family-relationships, feast, fight, fiji, grandchildActors: Harry Rapf (miscellaneous crew), Irving Cummings (actor), Irving Cummings (actor), E.J. Ratcliffe (actor), Milton Sills (actor), James Kirkwood (director), George Cooper (actor), Wellington A. Playter (actor), Edward Hoyt (actor), Fred C. Jones (actor), Florence Reed (actress), Bennet Musson (writer), Edwin Milton Royle (writer), Mildred Cheshire (actress), Richard Hatteras (actor),
Genres: Drama,I tell all your friends that
you're bound for glory
and how long did you know
that you'd make it there before me
and what is it like
is it worth this misfortune
what is it like on the other side
these 20 years I've loved one thing only
I love what I know about passion
I love what I know about mercy
I love what I know about patience
I love what I know about soul
and I know you(x3)
I tell all my friends
that I'm bound for heaven
and if I ain't so
you can't blame me for living
I know what it's like
and it's worth this misfortune
I know what it's like on the other side
these 20 years I've loved one thing only
I love what I know about passion
I love what I know about mercy
I love what I know about patience
I love what I know about soul
and I know you(x3)