Refrain

A refrain (from Vulgar Latin refringere, "to repeat", and later from Old French refraindre) is the line or lines that are repeated in music or in verse; the "chorus" of a song. Poetic fixed forms that feature refrains include the villanelle, the virelay, and the sestina.

The use of refrains is particularly associated with where the verse-chorus-verse song structure typically places a refrain in almost every song. The refrain or chorus often sharply contrasts the verse melodically, rhythmically, and harmonically, and assumes a higher level of dynamics and activity, often with added instrumentation. Chorus form, or strophic form, is a sectional and/or additive way of structuring a piece of music based on the repetition of one formal section or block played repeatedly. See also verse-chorus form.

Usage in history

Renaissance period in music: Thomas Morley (Ballett ca.1595): "My bonny lass she smileth." Fa la la refrain in bar five.

In music, a refrain has two parts: the lyrics of the song, and the melody. Sometimes refrains vary their words slightly when repeated; recognisability is given to the refrain by the fact that it is always sung to the same tune, and the rhymes, if present, are preserved despite the variations of the words. Such a refrain is featured in "The Star-Spangled Banner," which contains a refrain which is introduced by a different phrase in each verse, but which always ends:

Jose Mari Chan

Jose Mari Chan (born March 11, 1945) is a Chinese Filipino singer, songwriter and businessman in the sugar industry. He was born in Iloilo City on March 11, 1945. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Economics from the Ateneo de Manila University in 1967. He is currently the chairman and CEO of BISCOM, Inc. and A. Chan Sugar Corporation. He is also the chairman and president of Signature Music Inc.

Musical career

He first appeared on the local scene as the host and singer of a television show called "9 Teeners" of ABS-CBN in 1966. His first single Afterglow was released in 1967. His first long playing album Deep in My Heart was issued in 1969. In 1973, he represented the Philippines in the World Popular Song Festival in Tokyo where his song Can We Just Stop and Talk A While went into the final entries.

In 1975, he moved to the United States for his sugar business and remained there for 11 years. In 1986, he returned to the Philippines and went back to the music industry with the release of his album A Golden Change.

José Mari

José María Romero Poyón (born 10 December 1978), known as José Mari, is a Spanish retired footballer who played as a forward.

Over the course of 11 seasons he amassed La Liga totals of 270 games and 49 goals, mainly with Atlético Madrid – for which he signed at the age of 18 from Sevilla, going on to score 34 times in 144 appearances – and Villarreal (four years apiece). He also played professionally in Italy for Milan.

Club career

José Mari was born in Seville, Andalusia. After growing through the ranks of local Sevilla FC (first appearing with the main side aged just 18, in a 0–2 defeat at Rayo Vallecano on 5 March 1997, and making 21 La Liga appearances with seven goals during that season, as his team was finally relegated), he moved to Atlético Madrid.

At Atlético, José Mari scored 18 league goals in his first two seasons combined. Highlights included scoring at both home and away wins against Real Madrid in the year 1999 (separate seasons, both by 3–1); these happened to be Atlético's only competitive victories in the Madrid derby in a span covering almost 20 years.

Ian Veneracion

Ian Veneracion (born as Stephen Ian Veneracion on February 7, 1975) is a Filipino television and film actor. Known to be an avid outdoorsman, he is also a licensed private pilot, skydiver, paragliding pilot and scuba diver. Veneracion also engages in various outdoor activities such as trail riding, climbing, sailing and recreational fishing. He was a rider for the Shell-Yamaha motocross racing team from between 2004 and 2006. He is married with three children.

Filmography

Television

Films