Gurbani

Gurbani (Punjabi: ਗੁਰਬਾਣੀ) is a Sikh term, commonly used by Sikhs to refer to any compositions of the Sikh Gurus and other Writers of Guru Granth Sahib. In general, hymns in the central text of the Sikhs, the Guru Granth Sahib, are called Gurbani. Among Amritdhari Sikhs, few texts from Dasam Granth which are read in Nitnem like Tav-Parsad Svaiyey and Chaupai are also considered Gurbani. In Adi Granth, Gurbani is a sound which directly comes from the Supreme and the text is a written form of the same in worldly language and scripts. It is also called Gun Bani. Gurbani are explanations of qualities of the Primal Lord and Soul which a Sikh should comprehend and with which he can attain the supreme state.

Sikh historical writings, unauthentic writings or apocryphal compositions written under the names of Sikh Gurus and other writings by Sikhs are not considered as Gurbani and are referred to as Kachi Bani.

Etymology

Gurbani is composed of two words: 'Gur' and 'Bani'. Gur has multiple meanings depending on context. In Guru Granth Sahib, Gur is used for multiple meanings, as per context of hymn. The common use of Gur is either for wisdom and internal conscious mind (referred to as Chitta or Antar Atma).

Harjinder Singh

Harjinder Singh (born 16 March 1970, in Punjab) is a former Indian footballer and coach who played and coached all his career for JCT FC in the I-League.

Career

JCT

In 1989 Singh joined JCT FC who then only played at state level. In 1997 he led JCT to the first ever NFL title ever.

References

Bhai

Bhai is an Urdu-Hindi word for Brother and may refer to:

Joginder Singh

Joginder Singh may refer to:

Srinagar

Srinagar /ˈsriˌnʌɡʌr/ ( listen ) is the largest city and the summer capital of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. It lies on the banks of the Jhelum River, a tributary of the Indus, and Dal and Anchar lakes. The city is famous for its gardens, waterfronts and houseboats. It is also known for traditional Kashmiri handicrafts and dried fruits.

Origin of names

Folk etymology draws the city name from two Sanskrit words: śrī ("glory, prosperity", a name for the goddess Lakshmi) and nagar("city"), which would make "City of Lakshmi" (or, "City of Prosperity").

However, the earliest records mention the name as siri-nagar which in turn is a local transformation of the original Sanskrit name sūrya-nagar, meaning "City of Sun" (or, of sun god).

History

Ancient period

The Burzahom archaeological site located 10 km from Srinagar has revealed the presence of neolithic and megalithic cultures.

According to Kalhana's 12th century text Rajatarangini, a king named Pravarasena II established a new capital named Pravarapura (also known as Pravarasena-pura). Based on topographical details, Pravarapura appears to be same as the modern city of Srinagar. Aurel Stein dates the king to sixth century CE.