Hearing

Hearing, auditory perception, or audition is the ability to perceive sound by detecting vibrations, changes in the pressure of the surrounding medium through time, through an organ such as the ear. Sound may be heard through solid, liquid, or gaseous matter. It is one of the traditional five senses; partial or total inability to hear is called hearing loss.

In humans and other vertebrates, hearing is performed primarily by the auditory system: mechanical waves, known as vibrations are detected by the ear and transduced into nerve impulses that are perceived by the brain (primarily in the temporal lobe). Like touch, audition requires sensitivity to the movement of molecules in the world outside the organism. Both hearing and touch are types of mechanosensation.

Hearing mechanism

There are three main components of the human ear: the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear.

Outer ear

The outer ear includes the pinna, the visible part of the ear, as well as the ear canal which terminates at the eardrum, also called the tympanic membrane. The pinna serves to focus sound waves through the ear canal toward the eardrum. Because of the asymmetrical character of the outer ear of most mammals, sound is filtered differently on its way into the ear depending on what vertical location it is coming from. This gives these animals the ability to localize sound vertically. The eardrum is an airtight membrane, and when sound waves arrive there, they cause it to vibrate following the waveform of the sound.

Hear Me

Hear Me may refer to:

See also

Hear Me Now

Hear Me Now may refer to:

Bruno Martini

Bruno Martini (born 25 January 1962) is a French retired footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

His professional career was closely associated with Auxerre, for which he played 13 years. Having gained more than 30 caps for France during nine years, Martini represented the nation in two European Championships.

Club career

Born in Challuy, Nevers, Martini started playing professionally for AJ Auxerre. After a loan stint with AS Nancy he took the place of Paris Saint-Germain FC-bound Joël Bats, going on to appear in 322 Ligue 1 games while also helping it to a 1992–93 semifinal run in the UEFA Cup.

Martini left the club in the season prior to the 1995–96 conquest of the double, pushed to the sidelines by Lionel Charbonnier. He finished his career in 1999 at 37, after four seasons with Montpellier HSC, and returned to the latter side in 2015, as a goalkeeper coach.

International career

Martini played 31 times with the French national team, and participated at the UEFA European Championship editions of 1992 (as a starter) and 1996. Immediately after his retirement, he started serving as goalkeeping coach for Les Bleus.