Pun

The pun, also called paronomasia, is a form of word play that suggests two or more meanings, by exploiting multiple meanings of words, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect. These ambiguities can arise from the intentional use of homophonic, homographic, metonymic, or figurative language. A pun differs from a malapropism in that a malapropism is an incorrect variation on a correct expression, while a pun involves expressions with multiple correct interpretations. Puns may be regarded as in-jokes or idiomatic constructions, as their usage and meaning are specific to a particular language and its culture.

Puns have a long history in human writing. Sumerian cuneiform and Egyptian hieroglyphs were originally based on punning systems, and the Roman playwright Plautus was famous for his puns and word games. Punning has been credited as the fundamental concept behind alphabets, writing, and even human civilization.

Typology

Puns can be classified in various ways:

Paul (bakery)

Paul is a French chain of bakery/café restaurants established in 1889 in the city of Croix, in Northern France, by Charlemagne Mayot. It specializes in serving French products including breads, crêpes, sandwiches, macarons, soups, cakes, pastries, coffee, wine, and beer.

Paul belongs to Groupe Holder, which also owns the French luxury bakery Ladurée.

Boulangeries Paul SAS has its global head office in Marcq-en-Barœul, in Greater Lille, in France, and operates in 29 countries.

Corporate history

Julien Holder married Suzanne, the granddaughter of Charlemagne Mayot. The Holders opened their own bakery in Lille, in 1935. The Holders and their son Francis took over a better known bakery-pâtisserie owned by the Paul family, and kept the "Paul" name.

Following the death of his father in 1958, Francis Holder took over the family bakery in Lille. With his mother's assistance he expanded the business and when the Nouvelles Galeries opened in 1965, he immediately offered to supply their bread. Under the “Moulin Bleu” Francis Holder provided bread to Auchan and Monoprix from his bakery in Lambersart, and by 1970 he was able to purchase an abandoned industrial site at La Madeleine, in the suburbs of Lille, transforming it into an enormous bakery.

Big Pun

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Christopher Lee Rios (November 10, 1971 – February 7, 2000), better known by his stage name Big Pun (short for Big Punisher), was an American rapper - the first Latino rapper to have an album be certified platinum as a solo act. Big Pun emerged from the underground hip hop scene in The Bronx borough of New York City, in the early 1990s. He first appeared on tracks from Fat Joe's second album "Jealous One's Envy" in 1995, and The Beatnuts' second album Stone Crazy in 1997, prior to signing to Loud Records as a solo artist. Pun's lyrics are notable for technical efficiency, having minimal pauses to take a breath, heavy use of alliteration as well as internal and multi-syllabic rhyming schemes. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest rappers of all time.

About.com ranked him #25 on its list of the 50 Greatest MCs of All Time, while MTV2 ranked him #11 on its list of the "22 Greatest MCs." In 2012, The Source ranked him #19 on their list of the Top 50 Lyricists of All Time. An article from Rolling Stone magazine states, "Pun embodied all of the traits of a master wordsmith: melody, a unique flow, an unforgettable voice, humor, and lyrics that made other MCs go back to their black and white composition notebooks."

The Others (1974 film)

The Others (French: Les autres) is a 1974 French drama film directed by Hugo Santiago. It was entered into the 1974 Cannes Film Festival.

Cast

References

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