Kew Melbourne, Victoria
270px Aerial view over northern residential parts of Kew looking east showing Studley Park (top left); Kew Asylum (right) and Eastern Freeway Earl Street exit (bottom right)
Kew
Population:	22,516 (2006)[1]
Postcode:	3101
Coordinates:	37°48′19″S 145°2′9″E / 37.80528°S 145.03583°E / -37.80528; 145.03583Coordinates: 37°48′19″S 145°2′9″E / 37.80528°S 145.03583°E / -37.80528; 145.03583
Area:	10.5 km² (4.1 sq mi)
Location:	7 km (4 mi) from Melbourne
LGA:	City of Boroondara
State electorate:	Kew
Federal Division:	Kooyong
Suburbs around Kew: Alphington Kew East Balwyn North Fairfield Kew Balwyn Abbotsford Hawthorn Hawthorn East

Kew is a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 6 km east from Melbourne's central business district. Its Local Government Area is the City of Boroondara. At the 2006 Census, Kew had a population of 22,516.

Formerly a city in its own right, Kew City Council, Hawthorn City Council and Camberwell City Council were amalgamated in 1994 to form the City of Boroondara. The suburb borders the Yarra River to the west and north, with Hawthorn to its south and Balwyn to its east.

Kew is one of Melbourne’s most affluent suburbs with a plethora of Victorian and Art Deco mansions graced by stunning gardens set back from tree-lined streets, such as Raheen. This is also reflected in house prices where the price of a home is more than twice the metropolitan Melbourne average. There is abundant parkland in the suburb including Yarra Bend and Studley parks. City of Boroondara achieves the highest score of all Melbourne municipal areas on the SEIFA index of disadvantage compiled by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (the lower the score, the more disadvantage).

History[link]

The street side of the former Kew station

Prior to the establishment of Melbourne, the area was inhabited by the Wurundjeri peoples. In the 1840s European settlers named it the Parish of Boroondara—meaning "a place of shade" in the Woiwurrung language. In 1838 Dight travelled down the Yarra from Heidelberg and decided to locate his water-powered mill on a site adjacent to the falls. The impressive 3 story Mill opened in 1840.^[2]

In 1838 the Melbourne Advertiser reported bush-rangers in this area..and they probably outnumbered women.

John Hodgson established a squatters run at Studley Park on the eastern bank of the Yarra River in 1840. Studley House, also known as Burke Hall, built in 1857, was named after Hodgson's birthplace of Studley, Yorkshire, and the house is now on the Register of the National Estate.^[3] The house was built in the Victorian Period Italianate Revival style. Modifications were made to the house in 1875 and 1919. The house was also owned by former bookmaker, ALP lobbyist, influential Irish-Catholic and millionaire, John Wren, and was donated to Xavier College by the land developer T. M. Burke. It illustrates the importance of a residence in indicating success and status in nineteenth and early twentieth century Melbourne society. The nearby Villa Alba, built before 1863,^[4] is open to the public.^[5]

In 1851, Crown land sales occurred in the area. One of the purchasers, Nicholas Fenwick, subdivided his land (which was just further out from the center of the colony of Melbourne than the area known as Richmond) and named the region Kew, based on the thought that Kew in England was near Richmond. He also notably named its streets after British statesmen. The area quickly became a sought-after suburb for the well-to-do in Melbourne. Access to Kew was originally via Bridge Road in Richmond, crossing the Hawthorn Bridge to Burwood Road, until the privately owned Studley Park Bridge (nicknamed the Penny Bridge) opened in 1857^[6] connecting Church Street Richmond with Studley Park.

The commercial precinct known as Kew Junction began to take shape in the 1850s. The first store was opened by Mr. J. J. French in August, 1853 and the first post office on 6 October 1856 ^[7], however, it was not till towards the end of the decade that many shops appeared in High Street. The Kew Hotel opened in 1855, the Prospect Hill Hotel (now the Dan Murphys liquor store) in 1857, the Council Hotel about 1860, the Clifton (now Hotel Kew) in 1869, and the Greyhound (now the Skinny Dog Hotel) in 1874. The fine block of civic buildings comprising the former post office, the former court house, and the former police station were built in 1888 as was the National Bank at the corner of Walpole and High Streets.^[8]

In 1856 a site was reserved for a mental asylum next to the river. By 1871 Kew Lunatic Asylum, now known as the Willsmere apartments was completed. The Kew Cottages for children were added in 1887. The hospital was built despite objections by residents and the borough council^[9] and provides an historical example of NIMBYism. Kew Cottages and Willsmere Hospital are listed on the Victorian Heritage Register.

Various churches opened in the 1850s, with the first school opened by the Anglican Church in 1856. In 1875, Sacred Heart Primary School was opened. More private schools were opened in 1878, being Ruyton Girls' School (non-denominational) and Xavier College (Catholic in Jesuit order). Other private schools soon followed, including Methodist Ladies' College (Methodist) in 1882, Genazzano FCJ College in 1889, Trinity Grammar School (Anglican) in 1903, and Carey Baptist Grammar School (Baptist) in 1923. Preshil, The Margaret Lyttle Memorial School was opened in the early 1930s. By 1990, Kew had six government campuses and twenty-eight non-government campuses, the highest concentration of education institutions in the Western world.

A railway branch line to Kew from Hawthorn station opened on 19 December 1887 and was officially closed on 13 May 1957.^[10] Kew was proclaimed a town on 8 December 1910, and a city on 10 March 1921. The population of the area tripled between 1910 and World War II.

Raheen[link]

Raheen is an historic 19th-century Italianate mansion located at 92 Studley Park Road. It was built in the 1870s,^[11] and its name means "little fort" in Gaelic.

Raheen was once the residence of Daniel Mannix, the former Catholic Archbishop of Melbourne^[12] and was bequeathed to the Catholic Church by John Wren.

It was purchased in 1980 by the Australian businessman Richard Pratt and his family and is not currently open to the public. Pratt extensively renovated the house and gardens, including the addition of a new wing designed by Glen Murcutt.^[11]

Today[link]

Looking toward Kew Asylum.

Kew has grown steadily since the early the Bridge Road crossing development and is now one of the most prestigious suburbs in Melbourne. Town Planners were not constrained by the smaller lot allocations found just to the west over the Yarra and allotments in Kew were developed usually with much greater size and fronted wide, leafy boulevards.

As a consequence, many of these residences now attract some of the highest residential resale values in Melbourne. In many cases, the large allotments have been subsequently redeveloped into townhouses or duplexes and have thus appealed to a newer demographic (primarily dual-income parents with one or more children), keen to be close not only to the Melbourne CBD but also the excellent schooling facilities available nearby.

Streets within the Sackville Ward (bounded by Barkers, Burke, Cotham and Glenferrie Roads) such as Alfred, Rowland, Wellington, Grange and Sackville have some exceptional examples of Edwardian, Victorian and contemporary architecture. There has also been a recent trend towards the development of larger retirement-living complexes aimed principally at downsizing couples wishing to remain in the area. However one negative aspect of this increased living density is that the infrastructure within Kew is becoming taxed and will need continuous government and private-sector investment to operate efficiently.

Nonetheless, Kew has convenient access to public facilities and transport. The 109, 16 and 72 tram routes pass through on three of the above mentioned thoroughfares and the City/Lilydale/Belgrave train line is easily accessed at Hawthorn and Glenferrie stations. Kew station and the associated railway branch was last served by passenger trains in 1952,^[10] and the station site now the headquarters of VicRoads.

Education[link]

• Carey Baptist Grammar School
• Genazzano FCJ College
• Methodist Ladies' College
• Preshil
• Ruyton Girls' School
• Trinity Grammar School
• Xavier College

Sport[link]

Golfers have the choice of membership at Green Acres Golf Club^[13] or Kew Golf Club in Kew East^[14] or may play at the Studley Park Par 3 Golf Course on Studley Park Road.^[15] Kew Football Club plays out of Victoria Park on High Street.

Transport[link]

Tram

• 16 Kew - St Kilda Beach - Melbourne University (via City and St Kilda)
• 24 North Balwyn - City (via La Trobe Street)
• 27 City - Kew Tram Depot (via La Trobe Street)
• 42 Box Hill - City (Collins Street West)
• 47 Port Melbourne - Kew Tram Depot (Barkers Road)
• 48 North Balwyn (Doncaster Road / Balwyn Road) - City (Docklands)
• 72 Camberwell (Burke Road / Cotham Road) - Melbourne University
• 108 Box Hill - Southbank Tram Depot (Normanby Road)
• 109 Box Hill - Port Melbourne (via Collins Street)

Notable people[link]

Michael Klinger

• Michael Klinger, cricketer
• Gough Whitlam, 21st Prime Minister of Australia.
• Graham Kinniburgh, Australian Organised crime figure.

See also[link]

• City of Kew - the former local government area of the same name.

References[link]

• "Kew, Victoria". Archived from the original on 24 Aug 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060824202409/http://www.arts.monash.edu.au/ncas/multimedia/gazetteer/list/kew.html. Retrieved 19 May 2008.  (via Internet Archive)
• http://www.parkweb.vic.gov.au/resources/mresources/yarrabend_history.pdf

Coordinates: 51°29′01″N 0°16′41″W / 51.4837°N 0.2780°W / 51.4837; -0.2780

Kew
Kew  Kew shown within Greater London
OS grid reference	TQ195775
London borough	Richmond
Ceremonial county	Greater London
Region	London
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	RICHMOND
Postcode district	TW9
Dialling code	020
Police	Metropolitan
Fire	London
Ambulance	London
EU Parliament	London
UK Parliament	Richmond Park
London Assembly	South West
List of places: UK • England • London

Kew is a village in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames in South West London.

The Parish Church of Saint Anne, Kew

Kew is best known for being the location of the Royal Botanic Gardens, now a World Heritage Site, which includes Kew Palace. Kew is also the home of Domesday Book which is on public display at The National Archives (previously known as the Public Record Office).

Since 1965 Kew has incorporated the former area of North Sheen^[1] which includes St Philip and All Saints, the first barn church to be consecrated in England.^[2] It is now in a combined Church of England parish with St Luke's Church, Kew.

"Kew Village" refers to the parades of shops adjoining Kew Gardens station. It contains the Kew Bookshop, a whole foods store, several independent retailers, restaurants and cafes. A village community market is held on the first Sunday of every month. There are also major high street retailers at the nearby Kew retail park (originally known as Richmond Retail Park).

Today, Kew is a popular residential area because of its open spaces, schools, transport links and proximity to Kew Gardens. Most of Kew developed in the late 19th century, following the arrival of the District Line of the Underground, and is characterised by large detached or semi-detached houses. Further development took place in the 1920s and 1930s when new houses were built on the market gardens of North Sheen and in the first decade of the 21st century when flats and houses were constructed at Kew Riverside on land formerly owned by Thames Water.

Etymology[link]

The name Kew is a combination of two words: the Old French kai (landing place; 'quay' derives from this) and Old English hoh (spur of land). The land spur is the bend in the Thames. The name was recorded in 1327 as Cayho.^[3]

History[link]

The earliest written reference to Kew is thought to be contained in Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars, as the location where the Roman Army forded the Thames in 54 BC ^[4].Henry V developed a Carthusian monastery to the south west of where Kew Observatory now stands.^[5] Successive Tudor, Stuart and Georgian monarchs maintained links with Kew. One of Henry VIII's closest friends, Henry Norris, lived at Kew Farm,^[5] which was later owned by Elizabeth I's favourite, Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester.^[6] In Elizabeth's reign, and under the Stuarts, houses were developed along Kew Green.^[7] West Hall, which survives in West Hall Road, dates from at least the 14th century and the present house was built at the end of the 17th century.^[8] Queen Anne subscribed to the building of the parish church on Kew Green, which was dedicated to St Anne in 1714, three months before the queen's death.^[9]

The Hanoverians maintained the strongest links with Kew, in particular Princess Augusta who founded the botanic gardens ^[10] and her husbandFrederick, Prince of Wales who resided at the White House in Kew and commissioned the building of the first substantial greenhouse at Kew ^[11]. Frederick also famously received the gift of a dog from Alexander Pope with a collar inscribed:

I am His Highness' dog at Kew;

Pray tell me, sir, whose dog are you?

Epigram, engraved on the Collar of a Dog which I gave to his Royal Highness (Frederick, Prince of Wales) — Alexander Pope, 1688-1744

George III and Queen Charlotte established their main summer court at Kew in the 1760s and 1770s and patronised artists such as Thomas Gainsborough and John Zoffany ^[12].

Notable inhabitants[link]

Historically notable inhabitants include: Frederick, Prince of Wales; Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha; Capability Brown; John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute; artists Thomas Gainsborough, Arthur Hughes and Camille Pissarro; and Liberal Party leader Jo Grimond.

Transport and locale[link]

The traditional mode of transport between Kew and London, for rich and poor alike, was by water along the Thames which, historically, separated Middlesex (on the north bank) from Surrey (which then included Kew, on the south bank). Kew was connected to Middlesex by ferry. The first bridge crossing the Thames at Kew was built in 1759. The current Kew Bridge, which today carries the South Circular Road (the A205), was opened by King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra in 1903.

The A205 road passes through Kew, with Kew Road providing the main road link to Richmond. The M4 motorway starts a short distance north of Kew, providing access to Heathrow Airport and the west. The A316 road starts in Chiswick and continues over Chiswick Bridge and junctions with the South Circular Road at Chalker's Corner.

Since 1869 rail services have been available from Kew Gardens station. London Underground (District Line) services run to Richmond and to central London. London Overground trains run to Richmond and (via Willesden Junction) to Stratford.

Nearest places

Shops adjoining Kew Gardens station

• Brentford
• Richmond
• Gunnersbury
• Chiswick
• Mortlake
• Barnes

Nearest railway stations

• Kew Bridge station (South West Trains)
• Kew Gardens station (London Overground; London Underground District Line)
• North Sheen station (South West Trains)

Bridges

• Kew Bridge, which carries the A205 South Circular Road. Beside the bridge is Kew Gardens Pier, which serves tourist ferries operating under licence from London River Services.
• Kew Railway Bridge

Parks and open spaces[link]

• Kew Green includes an old horse pond and is used for cricket matches in the summer.^[13]
• Kew Pond, northwest of Kew Green, has a reed bed habitat and a resident population of water birds.^[14]
• North Sheen Recreation Ground in Dancer Road, known locally as "The Rec", was originally part of an orchard belonging to the Popham Estate, owned by the Leyborne Pophams whose family seat was at Littlecote House, Wiltshire. Opened in June 1909 and extended in 1923, it now contains football pitches, a running track, a children's paddling pool, two extensive playgrounds, a large dog-free grassed area and a pavilion set amongst trees and shrubs.^[15]
• Pensford Field,^[16]previously playing fields of the former Gainsborough School, is now a nature reserve and also the home of Pensford Tennis Club.
• St Luke's Open Space was derived from a former Victorian school, and is now a quiet sitting area with toddlers' play equipment.^[17]
• Westerley Ware Recreation Ground, a small garden and recreation ground at the foot of Kew Bridge. It has a memorial garden bordered by hedges, a grass area, three hard tennis courts and a children's playground. Originally created as a memorial garden to the fallen in the First World War, the name refers to the practice of netting weird or "wares" to catch fish.^[18]

Sport and leisure[link]

Kew has several sports clubs and gyms including Kew Cricket Club [1], North Sheen Bowling Club [2], Pensford Tennis Club [3], Putney Town Rowing Club [4] and Richmond Gymnastics Association [5].

Kew is also home to local football club, Kew Park Rangers [6]. The club began in 1997 in Westerly Ware.^[18] Word quickly spread at the local school that there was a kick about on Saturday mornings and more children arrived until there were regularly about 10-12 children.

As the crowd of children grew, alongside tournament and further development ambitions, the club decided to become official and registered for the Surrey County Football Association. Richmond Council eventually came up with a team pitch and a move to the North Sheen Recreational Ground^[15] was secured. Kew Park Rangers Football Club was born in the summer of 1999, and continues to grow year on year. A new £1 million sports pavilion has been built.^[19]and was opened in September 2011.^[20]

Education[link]

Primary schools

• Darell Primary School [7]
• Kew Riverside Primary School [8]
• The Queen's Church of England Primary School [9]

Independent preparatory schools

• Broomfield House School [10]
• Kew College [11]
• Kew Green Preparatory School [12]
• Unicorn School [13]

Quotes[link]

Lilac in Kew Gardens

'Trams and dusty trees.
Highbury bore me. Richmond and Kew
Undid me.'

The Waste Land, 1922 (T.S.Eliot), 1888-1965

And the wildest dreams of Kew are the facts of Khatmandhu

In The Neolithic Age, 1892 (Rudyard Kipling)

Go down to Kew in lilac-time, in lilac-time, in lilac-time;
Go down to Kew in lilac-time (it isn't far from London!)
And you shall wander hand in hand with love in summer's wonderland;
Go down to Kew in lilac-time (it isn't far from London!)

The Barrel-Organ, (Alfred Noyes), 1880-1958

Lady Croom:- My hyacinth dell is become a haunt for
hobgoblins, my Chinese bridge, which I am assured is
superior to the one at Kew, and for all I know at Peking, is
usurped by a fallen obelisk overgrown with briars-

Arcadia (play),1993 (Tom Stoppard), 1937-

Gallery[link]

• 

  The Parish Church of St Anne

• 

  Kew Green

See also[link]

• Kew Observatory
• St Anne's Church, Kew
• St Luke's Church, Kew
• St Philip and All Saints Church, Kew (the Barn Church)
• Kew Cricket Club

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kew

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Kew.

• Kew Society
• Richmond Society
• Richmond Local History Society
• Kew Community Trust
• Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Kew Gardens)
• Westerly Ware Association
• Kew Horticultural Society

v t e London Borough of Richmond upon Thames Districts Barnes Castelnau East Sheen Ham Hampton Kew Mortlake Richmond St Margarets Teddington Twickenham Whitton Attractions All Hallows Church The Barn Church, Kew The Boathouse, Twickenham Bushy Park Chapel House, Twickenham Downe House, Richmond Hill Ham House Hampton Court Palace Hampton Pool Kew Gardens London Wetlands Centre Marble Hill House Mortlake Crematorium The National Archives Orange Tree Theatre Pembroke Lodge Petersham Parish Church Richmond Lock and Footbridge Richmond Park Richmond Theatre St Anne's Church, Kew St Luke's Church, Kew St Mary's Parish Church, Hampton Syon House Teddington Lock Footbridges Twickenham Stadium Twickenham Stoop White Lodge The Wick The Wick House York House Constituencies Richmond Park Twickenham Other topics People Public art Schools Parks and open spaces in Richmond upon Thames

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2011)

S'Express (pronounced ess-express; sometimes spelled S'Xpress or S-Express; otherwise known as Victim of the Ghetto) were a British dance music act from the late 1980s, who had one of the earliest commercial successes in the acid house genre.

"Theme from S'Express", based on Rose Royce's "Is It Love You're After", was also one of the earliest recordings to capitalize on a resurgence of sampling culture and went to number one in the United Kingdom as well as the Hot Dance Club Play chart in the United States (also scraping into the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 at #91).

Biography[link]

The main player in the act was DJ/producer and remixer Mark Moore. In 1989, the group released its debut album, Original Soundtrack, which featured a line-up of Mark M (Moore, noise engineer), Michellé (microdot clarinet and vox), Mark D (trumpet, noise, boogie factor), Jocasta (hi-hat hairspray, background vox), and Pascal (Pascal Gabriel, noise engineer). The album consisted of slightly longer versions of S-Express's "Theme" and its follow-up hits "Superfly Guy" (UK #5) and "Hey Music Lover" (UK #6), along with an album's worth of new compositions. Singer Billie Ray Martin also appeared on several tracks on its debut.

By the release of the second album Intercourse, the act was reduced to a duo of Moore with new vocalist and DJ Sonique. Although not as successful as its debut, Intercourse spawned several mid-charting UK singles and club hits, most notably "Nothing to Lose", co-written with Martin Gordon, as were several other tunes on the record. Sonique, already a successful DJ, eventually embarked on a solo career and produced one of the biggest club hits of the late 1990s ("It Feels So Good"). Moore went on to release many singles, remixes and albums on his own and also formed the band Needledust.

On the eve of the 20th anniversary of acid house, Mark Moore resurrected S'Express from the "cryogenic chamber",^[1] and released a song on the French Kitsune record label called "Stupid Little Girls."

Mark Moore has also remixed Client, Soft Cell, and the B-52's.

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• 1989 Original Soundtrack - (Rhythm King, LEFT CD8)- UK #5^[2]
• 1991 Intercourse - (US, Sire, 9 26520-2) (UK, Rhythm King / Epic, 468567 2)
• 1998 Ultimate S'Express - (Camden / BMG, 74321 603402)
• 2004 Themes from S'Express - the Best Of - (BMG, 82876 581972)

Singles[link]

• ¹ remixes by Tony De Vit, Aquarius and Carl Craig available in Australia through Central Station Records (also released in the UK and Europe), and accredited to Mark Moore presents S'Express.^[2]
• ² released on download and 12" vinyl only.

See also[link]

• List of number-one dance hits (United States)
• List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. Dance chart

References[link]

External links[link]

• Mark Moore's Official Website
• Sonique
• Mark Moore/S'Express Facebook
• Mark Moore's Twitter
• Discogs: S'Express
• S'Express at WorldMusicDatabase