Rail stressing

Stressing is a technique developed in the 1960s to avert rail track problems that can occur following installation of Continuous welded rail (CWR).

When installing new rail, or before the onset of hot weather, the rail is pulled or stretched by hydraulic tensors or heated along its entire length to an equivalent length to that which the rail would be at 27 °C (in the UK), which is known as the Stress Free temperature.

Technique

Unconstrained large sections of steel will shrink as the temperature drops, and expand as it increases. Since the ends of CWR are fixed, the rail will experience tensile stress in extreme cold and can fracture if it grows too great. In extreme heat it will experience compressive stress, and if that force grows too strong the tracks may buckle.

Many conditions affect the stability of track when under thermal forces. The temperature in the rail plays a great part but stability is also affected by ballast, sleepers (type and quantity), ballast shoulders, areas of shadow or tunnels and bridges, track consolidation and to a lesser degree vertical curvature of the tracks.

Boosie Badazz

Torrence Hatch (born November 14, 1982), better known by his stage name Boosie Badazz, formerly Lil Boosie, is an American rapper from Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Hatch was bestowed the nickname Boosie by his family, and he was raised in Southside Baton Rouge. As Boosie, he has released Six or Seven regular studio albums while contributing to a number of mixtapes and compilations.

Hatch served time in the Louisiana State Penitentiary from 2009–14, having been sentenced to eight years after pleading guilty to drug charges. He was released early on March 5, 2014. On October 20, 2014, Lil' Boosie changed his name to "Boosie Badazz".

Music career

Early career

Lil' Boosie's cousin Young Bleed introduced Boosie to Baton Rouge rapper C-Loc in the late 1990s. He was mentored by Young Bleed and C-Loc and joined the group Concentration Camp, as the youngest member at the age 14 in 1996. The group consists of Young Bleed, C-Loc, Happy Perez, Boo, Max Minelli, J-Von, Lee Tyme and Lucky Knuckles. He eventually debuted on C-Loc’s fifth album, ‘It’s A Gamble’ in 2000 under his old alias Boosie and Concentration Camp third studio album Camp III : Thug Brothas in 2000. The departure of Young Bleed from the Camp helped put Lil Boosie in a prime position amongst the group. Alongside C-Loc and Max Minelli, he served as one of the “faces” of the Camp. At 17 years of age, he recorded his debut album, the aptly-titled Youngest of da Camp, (Camp Life Entertainment, 2000). The album production was mostly handled by Happy Perez, and featured C-Loc, Max Minelli and Donkey.