- published: 08 May 2014
- views: 47245
EMV is a technical standard for smart payment cards and for payment terminals and automated teller machines that can accept them. EMV cards are smart cards (also called chip cards or IC cards) which store their data on integrated circuits rather than magnetic stripes, although many EMV cards also have stripes for backward compatibility. They can be contact cards that must be physically inserted (or "dipped") into a reader, or contactless cards that can be read over a short distance using radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology. Payment cards that comply with the EMV standard are often called chip-and-PIN or chip-and-signature cards, depending on the exact authentication methods required to use them.
EMV stands for Europay, MasterCard, and Visa, the three companies that originally created the standard. The standard is now managed by EMVCo, a consortium with control split equally among Visa, Mastercard, JCB, American Express, China UnionPay, and Discover.
There are standards based on ISO/IEC 7816 for contact cards, and standards based on ISO/IEC 14443 for contactless cards (PayPass, PayWave, ExpressPay).
Decision analysis (DA) is the discipline comprising the philosophy, theory, methodology, and professional practice necessary to address important decisions in a formal manner. Decision analysis includes many procedures, methods, and tools for identifying, clearly representing, and formally assessing important aspects of a decision, for prescribing a recommended course of action by applying the maximum expected utility action axiom to a well-formed representation of the decision, and for translating the formal representation of a decision and its corresponding recommendation into insight for the decision maker and other stakeholders.
Graphical representation of decision analysis problems commonly use influence diagrams and decision trees. Both of these tools represent the alternatives available to the decision maker, the uncertainty they face, and evaluation measures representing how well they achieve their objectives in the final outcome. Uncertainties are represented through probabilities. The decision maker's attitude to risk is represented by utility functions and their attitude to trade-offs between conflicting objectives can be made using multi-attribute value functions or multi-attribute utility functions (if there is risk involved). In some cases, utility functions can be replaced by the probability of achieving uncertain aspiration levels. Decision analysis advocates choosing that decision whose consequences have the maximum expected utility (or which maximize the probability of achieving the uncertain aspiration level). Such decision analytic methods are used in a wide variety of fields, including business (planning, marketing, and negotiation), environmental remediation, health care research and management, energy exploration, litigation and dispute resolution, etc.
In probability theory, the expected value of a random variable is intuitively the long-run average value of repetitions of the experiment it represents. For example, the expected value of a six-sided die roll is 3.5 because, roughly speaking, the average of an extremely large number of die rolls is practically always nearly equal to 3.5. Less roughly, the law of large numbers guarantees that the arithmetic mean of the values almost surely converges to the expected value as the number of repetitions goes to infinity. The expected value is also known as the expectation, mathematical expectation, EV, average, mean value, mean, or first moment.
More practically, the expected value of a discrete random variable is the probability-weighted average of all possible values. In other words, each possible value the random variable can assume is multiplied by its probability of occurring, and the resulting products are summed to produce the expected value. The same works for continuous random variables, except the sum is replaced by an integral and the probabilities by probability densities. The formal definition subsumes both of these and also works for distributions which are neither discrete nor continuous: the expected value of a random variable is the integral of the random variable with respect to its probability measure.
Commonly used globally in place of magnetic stripe, EMV chip technology helps to reduce card fraud in a face-to-face card-present environment; provides global interoperability; and enables safer and smarter transactions across contact and contactless channels. EMV implementation was initiated in the U.S. market in in 2011 and 2012 when American Express, Discover, MasterCard and Visa announced their roadmaps for supporting an EMV-based payments infrastructure. Acquirer processor readiness mandates to support EMV were established for 2013, with liability shifts for managing fraud risk in a face-to-face environment set for 2015. The EMV Migration Forum EMV 101 Webinar Recording provides a primer on EMV chip payments for U.S. payments industry participants. The webinar provides comprehensive ...
Chip technology for credit cards is here…and gaining momentum. Chip cards—also known as Europay, MasterCard and Visa (EMV)—are similar to current credit and debit cards. But in addition to a magnetic strip, the card features a small computer chip, adding an extra layer of security. Get all the information you need about chip card, or EMV, technology now and enjoy safer shopping in the future. Get more details at https://www.macu.com/chipcard
EMV or chip payment cards will soon be widespread in the U.S. as banks and other financial institutions make the switch from magstripe debit & credit cards to more secure contact, contactless and mobile payments. See how the technology works and has already reduced fraud around the world.
Most credit cards in the USA now include an EMV chip, also known as "Chip & Pin" technology. But what does this mean for the average person? ▼ Join the conversation! ▼ Twitter ▻ https://twitter.com/ThioJoe Facebook ▻ http://www.facebook.com/ThioJoeTV Instagram ▻ http://instagram.com/ThioJoe Website ▻ http://www.thiojoe.com ▼ More Videos ▼ How do Clocks Set Themselves?: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=clDaL_Sc7Vc&index;=3&list;=PLltNHnxunnSw4q2XHzZTMa7jKRM1dVhpF Why to NOT Use RAID 5: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A2OxG2UjiV4&index;=4&list;=PLltNHnxunnSw4q2XHzZTMa7jKRM1dVhpF ▬▬▬▬My Channels▬▬▬▬ Comedy ▻ http://youtube.com/ThioJoe Gaming ▻ http://youtube.com/CacheGaming Extra ▻ http://youtube.com/channel/UCmxp6LjQ5LHssP4iO17mm6Q Get cool merchandise: https://thiojoe.spreadshirt.com/ Suppor...
In this tutorial, we discuss Decision Making With Probabilities (Decision Making under Risk). We calculate Expected Monetary Value (EMV) and Expected Value of Perfect Information (EVPI). Other videos: Decision Analysis 1: Maximax, Maximin, Minimax Regret https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQ-mYn9fPag Decision Analysis 2: Equally Likely (Laplace) and Realism (Hurwicz) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlblUq9Dd14 Decision Analysis 4: Decision Trees 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ydvnVw80I_8 Decision Analysis 5: EVSI - Expected Value of Sample Information https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FUY07dvaUuE
This recording reviews EMV Cardholder Verification Method concepts, implementation and impact on issuers, ATM owners, merchants, and cardholders
Overview of EMV Encryption and what you need to know.
Wahlmodul EMV an der NTB Buchs - Grundlagen der EMV (ESD, Emission, Immission, Transienten) - Störquellen und Kopplungen - EMV-Messtechnik in Theorie und Anwendung - Vorschriften (in erträglichem Mass) - EMV-gerechtes Design und Abhilfemassnahmen (Entstörung und Schirmung)
The morning after
Still hear your laughter
Why can't we sleep always?
The party's over
I'm gettin sober
Why can't we sleep always?
You better believe - you sucker!
You better believe - you sucker!
You better believe - you sucker!
You better believe - you sucker!
Ready to softly kill my pain
Ready to slightly lose my brain
Ready to softly kill my pain
Ready to slightly go insane
And while I'm dreaming
Still hear you screaming
Why can't we sleep always?
I'm so relendless
But nothing's endless
Why can't we sleep always?
You better believe - you sucker!
You better believe - you sucker!
You better believe - you sucker!
You better believe - you sucker!
Ready to softly kill my pain
Ready to slightly lose my brain
Ready to softly kill my pain