- published: 28 Oct 2012
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Proto-Indo-European (PIE) is the linguistic reconstruction of the common ancestor of the Indo-European languages. PIE was the first proposed proto-language to be widely accepted by linguists. Far more work has gone into reconstructing it than any other proto-language, and it is by far the best understood of all proto-languages of its age. During the 19th century, the vast majority of linguistic work was devoted to reconstruction of Proto-Indo-European or its daughter proto-languages such as Proto-Germanic, and most of the current techniques of linguistic reconstruction in historical linguistics (e.g. the comparative method and the method of internal reconstruction) were developed as a result. These methods supply all of our knowledge concerning PIE, since there is no written record of the language.
Scholars estimate that PIE may have been spoken as a single language (before divergence began) around 3500 BC, though estimates by different authorities can vary by more than a millennium. A number of hypotheses have been proposed for the origin and spread of the language, the most popular among linguists being the Kurgan hypothesis, which postulates an origin in the Pontic–Caspian steppe of Eastern Europe. Features of the culture of the speakers of PIE, known as Proto-Indo-Europeans, have also been reconstructed based on the shared vocabulary of the early attested Indo-European languages.
The Indo-European languages are a family of several hundred related languages and dialects. There are about 445 living Indo-European languages, according to the estimate by Ethnologue, with over two-thirds (313) of them belonging to the Indo-Iranian branch. The Indo-European family includes most major current languages of Europe, and parts of Western, Central and South Asia. It was also predominant in ancient Anatolia (present-day Turkey), and the ancient Tarim Basin (present-day Northwest China) and most of Central Asia until the invasion and migrations of Turkic speakers especially during the Mongol–Turkic conquest in the 13th century. With written evidence appearing since the Bronze Age in the form of the Anatolian languages and Mycenaean Greek, the Indo-European family is significant to the field of historical linguistics as possessing the second-longest recorded history, after the Afroasiatic family.
Several disputed proposals link Indo-European to other major language families.
This video is about the Indo-European languages and the connections between them, going all the way back to Proto-Indo-European. Support Langfocus on Patreon http://patreon.com/langfocus My current Patrons include these fantastic people: Brandon Gonzalez, Виктор Павлов, Mark Thesing, Jiajun "Jeremy" Liu, иктор Павлов, Guillermo Jimenez, Sidney Frattini Junior, Bennett Seacrist, Ruben Sanchez, Michael Cuomo, Eric Garland, Brian Michalowski, Sebastian Langshaw, Vadim Sobolev, FRANCISCO, Mohammed A. Abahussain, Fred, UlasYesil, JL Bumgarner, Rob Hoskins, Thomas A. McCloud, Ian Smith, Maurice Chow, Matthew Cockburn, Raymond Thomas, Simon Blanchet, Ryan Marquardt, Sky Vied, Romain Paulus, Panot, Erik Edelmann, Bennet, James Zavaleta, Ulrike Baumann, Ian Martyn, Justin Faist, Jeff Miller, Step...
I messed up the palatals! I know! Argh An attempt to read EIEC's 2013 translation of "The King and the God." I am not a PIE scholar! My literal-ordered translation is not that accurate. My choices h1, h2, and h3 are arbitrary experiments. m-dot and n-dot are in fact syllabic resonants and not voiceless, (I'm too used to IPA, where they represent de-voicing).. I pronounced "ǵ" and "ḱ" incorrectly. Most likely palatalized [gj] / [kj]. Some of the vocalic resonants (with circle underneath), I pronounced as de-voiced. My mistake. Wérunos is related to the Sanskrit Varuṇa / Greek Ouranos / Latin Uranus
http://www.polyglotconference.com/ http://www.facebook.com/polyglotconference Whether you’re learning Russian or German, Sanskrit or Greek, you’re bound to find words that look oddly alike. In this talk, Timothy Doner, who has studied over 20 languages and is one of the world's best-known young polyglots, will discuss the basic methods of historical linguistics through the lens of its most famous family: Indo-European.
Reconstructing culture based on a reconstructed language. Click here for the next video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltYnG-V18Dk The pictures for this video were SO MUCH FUN to make, you guys! I used to make all my pictures with the trackpad on my laptop, but I got a tablet about a week ago and I used it to make the pictures for this video, which is great, because I'm basically drawing the lives of the Proto-Indo-Europeans! SO much fun. That picture with the two drunk ones is my masterpiece. I don't think I'm going to be able to best that one in my lifetime. Intro song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BR7IOOLAiRo Outro song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zJk57IpHrs
*kylewos *ndhgwhitom!!!
How Sanskrit is connected to Latin, English and other European languages.
Since I have already read Semitic numerals, here are some Indo-European ones. Forgive me, if my pronunciation in some of these languages is not perfect or if I made mistakes writing the numbers. But I am not an expert on Indo-European.
You’re listening to the Proto-Indo-European language — the mother tongue of the largest family of languages, Indo-European, spoken around the world. Subscribe To Inform Overload: https://www.youtube.com/user/InformOverload ------------------------------------ STORY LINK: http://elitedai.ly/2auVpkq ------------------------------------ MAIL US SOMETHING: P.O BOX # 14015 2408 Lakeshore Blvd W. Etobicoke, On M8V4A2 ------------------------------------ CONNECT WITH US: Instagram: http://instagram.com/informoverload Twitter: https://twitter.com/InformOverload Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/InformOverload Website: http://www.informoverload.com iO T-Shirts: http://iostore.spreadshirt.com ------------------------------------ IN THIS VIDEO: Sasha Wood: http://instagram.com/sasha.a.wood --...
A historical linguist provides a basic introduction to the languages that make up the Indo-European language family. How do we know two languages are related? https://youtu.be/wgzkQ8oktD4 How do languages change? https://youtu.be/ZHPZ4RBQonk How old is English? https://youtu.be/TkqOXuqvOU8 Timeline and history of Old Norse https://youtu.be/g6UbGLC7YWk Finnish vs. the Scandinavian languages https://youtu.be/HpfcAyTNsHw Dr. Jackson Crawford is a historical linguist and a specialist in the Old Norse language. As of August 2017 he will be teaching at the University of Colorado, while he currently teaches at the University of California, Berkeley (formerly at UCLA). More about his Youtube channel: https://youtu.be/su4a8Qd4KO4 Jackson Crawford’s translation of the Poetic Edda: https://www...
This video is about the Indo-European languages and the connections between them, going all the way back to Proto-Indo-European. Support Langfocus on Patreon http://patreon.com/langfocus My current Patrons include these fantastic people: Brandon Gonzalez, Виктор Павлов, Mark Thesing, Jiajun "Jeremy" Liu, иктор Павлов, Guillermo Jimenez, Sidney Frattini Junior, Bennett Seacrist, Ruben Sanchez, Michael Cuomo, Eric Garland, Brian Michalowski, Sebastian Langshaw, Vadim Sobolev, FRANCISCO, Mohammed A. Abahussain, Fred, UlasYesil, JL Bumgarner, Rob Hoskins, Thomas A. McCloud, Ian Smith, Maurice Chow, Matthew Cockburn, Raymond Thomas, Simon Blanchet, Ryan Marquardt, Sky Vied, Romain Paulus, Panot, Erik Edelmann, Bennet, James Zavaleta, Ulrike Baumann, Ian Martyn, Justin Faist, Jeff Miller, Step...
I messed up the palatals! I know! Argh An attempt to read EIEC's 2013 translation of "The King and the God." I am not a PIE scholar! My literal-ordered translation is not that accurate. My choices h1, h2, and h3 are arbitrary experiments. m-dot and n-dot are in fact syllabic resonants and not voiceless, (I'm too used to IPA, where they represent de-voicing).. I pronounced "ǵ" and "ḱ" incorrectly. Most likely palatalized [gj] / [kj]. Some of the vocalic resonants (with circle underneath), I pronounced as de-voiced. My mistake. Wérunos is related to the Sanskrit Varuṇa / Greek Ouranos / Latin Uranus
http://www.polyglotconference.com/ http://www.facebook.com/polyglotconference Whether you’re learning Russian or German, Sanskrit or Greek, you’re bound to find words that look oddly alike. In this talk, Timothy Doner, who has studied over 20 languages and is one of the world's best-known young polyglots, will discuss the basic methods of historical linguistics through the lens of its most famous family: Indo-European.
Reconstructing culture based on a reconstructed language. Click here for the next video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ltYnG-V18Dk The pictures for this video were SO MUCH FUN to make, you guys! I used to make all my pictures with the trackpad on my laptop, but I got a tablet about a week ago and I used it to make the pictures for this video, which is great, because I'm basically drawing the lives of the Proto-Indo-Europeans! SO much fun. That picture with the two drunk ones is my masterpiece. I don't think I'm going to be able to best that one in my lifetime. Intro song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BR7IOOLAiRo Outro song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0zJk57IpHrs
*kylewos *ndhgwhitom!!!
How Sanskrit is connected to Latin, English and other European languages.
Since I have already read Semitic numerals, here are some Indo-European ones. Forgive me, if my pronunciation in some of these languages is not perfect or if I made mistakes writing the numbers. But I am not an expert on Indo-European.
You’re listening to the Proto-Indo-European language — the mother tongue of the largest family of languages, Indo-European, spoken around the world. Subscribe To Inform Overload: https://www.youtube.com/user/InformOverload ------------------------------------ STORY LINK: http://elitedai.ly/2auVpkq ------------------------------------ MAIL US SOMETHING: P.O BOX # 14015 2408 Lakeshore Blvd W. Etobicoke, On M8V4A2 ------------------------------------ CONNECT WITH US: Instagram: http://instagram.com/informoverload Twitter: https://twitter.com/InformOverload Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/InformOverload Website: http://www.informoverload.com iO T-Shirts: http://iostore.spreadshirt.com ------------------------------------ IN THIS VIDEO: Sasha Wood: http://instagram.com/sasha.a.wood --...
A historical linguist provides a basic introduction to the languages that make up the Indo-European language family. How do we know two languages are related? https://youtu.be/wgzkQ8oktD4 How do languages change? https://youtu.be/ZHPZ4RBQonk How old is English? https://youtu.be/TkqOXuqvOU8 Timeline and history of Old Norse https://youtu.be/g6UbGLC7YWk Finnish vs. the Scandinavian languages https://youtu.be/HpfcAyTNsHw Dr. Jackson Crawford is a historical linguist and a specialist in the Old Norse language. As of August 2017 he will be teaching at the University of Colorado, while he currently teaches at the University of California, Berkeley (formerly at UCLA). More about his Youtube channel: https://youtu.be/su4a8Qd4KO4 Jackson Crawford’s translation of the Poetic Edda: https://www...
This video was recorded at the Polyglot Gathering in Berlin 2014 (www.polyglotberlin.com). Adam's talk explores the ancient reconstructed Proto-Indo-European language (spoken around 3500 BC) to explain links and similarities between both modern and ancient languages. The talk also explores the methods used and difficulties faced by academics to reconstruct and ancient language. Make sure you follow Adam's latest updates at https://twitter.com/adamscot92
Explore the history of Russia from its Volga River origins, through the Mongol tyranny and the Cold War, and on to modern day in this Civilization V Let’s Play. Real world map with True Starting Locations. — Playlist -- https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3pfUqTPFwQaTZPj6Yl-vRE1qFqHfeSMF — Mods -- Enhanced UI: http://forums.civfanatics.com/downloads.php?do=file&id;=21929 Earth Map: https://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=77138438 Check out Ethelred elsewhere for Civilization VI info and recent Let's Plays. Twitter: https://twitter.com/EthelredFTL Google+: https://plus.google.com/u/1/communities/116965584862824593490 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ethelredftl
Far Cry Primal Walkthrough Part 1 - Far Cry Primal Xbox One Gameplay Intro / Prologue - Far Cry Primal Let's Play Playthrough with Commentary 1080p Gameplay throughout ►Subscribe For More :D - https://goo.gl/MWAMai ►Follow My Twitter - https://twitter.com/gameriotarmy ►Instagram - http://instagram.com/GameRiot ►Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/GameRiot ►For Cheap PSN, Microsoft Cards & PC Games - https://goo.gl/PO4hQT ►My Laptop - http://bit.ly/GameRiotsLaptop ►Gaming Chair & Wheel Stand - http://goo.gl/oMcDqx (Discount Code - gameriot5) The award-winning Far Cry franchise that stormed the tropics and the Himalayas now enters the original fight for humanity’s survival with its innovative open-world sandbox gameplay, bringing together massive beasts, breathtaking environments, and ...
Proto-Indo-European is the ancestor of most of the cultures from Iceland to India. From comparing the language and cultures of the descendant cultures we can reconstruct quite a lot of theirs. They have their own beauty and worth, and they are also useful in understanding those of the cultures that came from them, such as those of Ireland, Rome, Greece, and India, among many others. This video is about what we can know about aspects of Proto-Indo-European religion. This is part of a presentation on Proto-Indo-European religion I gave at *Ghosti-con, in Albany, NY, on March 25, 2016. Unfortunately, the first twenty minutes, which were dedicated primarily to cosmology and ritual rules, was lost. What remains is still pretty useful; it covers the domestic religion and the numinous being...
James Mallory, Proto-Indo-European, Proto-Uralic and Nostratic: A brief excursus into the comparative study of proto-languages Paper presented at the seminar "Tracing the Indo-Europeans: Origin and migration", organized by Roots of Europe - Language, Culture, and Migrations, University of Copenhagen, 12-14 December 2012
Far Cry Primal PC Gameplay - https://youtu.be/kwjBZb5ruiA - Also subscribe to the gameplayonly channel - http://goo.gl/z4enAW Far Cry Primal Walkthrough Part 1 - Far Cry Primal Xbox One Gameplay Intro / Prologue - Far Cry Primal Let's Play Playthrough with Commentary 1080p Gameplay throughout ►Subscribe For More :D - https://goo.gl/MWAMai ►Follow My Twitter - https://twitter.com/gameriotarmy ►Instagram - http://instagram.com/GameRiot ►Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/GameRiot ►For Cheap PSN, Microsoft Cards & PC Games - https://goo.gl/PO4hQT ►My Laptop - http://bit.ly/GameRiotsLaptop ►Gaming Chair & Wheel Stand - http://goo.gl/oMcDqx (Discount Code - gameriot5) The award-winning Far Cry franchise that stormed the tropics and the Himalayas now enters the original fight for humanity’...
Far Cry Primal Walkthrough Part 1 - Far Cry Primal Xbox One Gameplay Intro / Prologue - Far Cry Primal Let's Play Playthrough with Commentary 1080p Gameplay throughout ►Subscribe For More :D - https://goo.gl/MWAMai ►Follow My Twitter - https://twitter.com/gameriotarmy ►Instagram - http://instagram.com/GameRiot ►Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/GameRiot ►For Cheap PSN, Microsoft Cards & PC Games - https://goo.gl/PO4hQT ►My Laptop - http://bit.ly/GameRiotsLaptop ►Gaming Chair & Wheel Stand - http://goo.gl/oMcDqx (Discount Code - gameriot5) The award-winning Far Cry franchise that stormed the tropics and the Himalayas now enters the original fight for humanity’s survival with its innovative open-world sandbox gameplay, bringing together massive beasts, breathtaking environments, and un...
Best Documentary 2016 The Most Powerful History Of Ancients Greeks Ancient Greek includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BCE to the 6th century CE. It is often roughly divided into the Archaic period (9th to 6th centuries BCE), Classical period (5th and 4th centuries BCE), and Hellenistic period (3rd century BCE to 6th century CE). It is antedated in the second millennium BCE by Mycenaean Greek. The language of the Hellenistic phase is known as Koine (common). Koine is regarded as a separate historical stage of its own, although in its earliest form it closely resembled Attic Greek and in its latest form it approaches Medieval Greek. Prior to the Koine period, Greek of the classic and earlier periods included several region...
We go back to 10,000 BC and take on man and beast. Will we survive? We play Far Cry Primal to 100% completion. ============================================= Liking, Commenting and Subscribing is really appreciated, it really helps me to grow! Liked the video, leave a comment and let us know what you thought. We are also always looking for new suggestions, so stick one down in the comments and we will be sure to look into it. Subscribe and support our channel: http://goo.gl/Z6Bgk3 Support me directly: https://www.patreon.com/fourthwallgames (Completely Optional) ============================================= Support me directly: https://www.patreon.com/fourthwallgames (Completely Optional) Subscribe Now: http://goo.gl/Z6Bgk3 Official Website: FourthWallGames.com Get a YouTube Partne...
Best Documentary 2016 The Most Powerful History Of Ancients Greeks Ancient Greek includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BCE to the 6th century CE. It is often roughly divided into the Archaic period (9th to 6th centuries BCE), Classical period (5th and 4th centuries BCE), and Hellenistic period (3rd century BCE to 6th century CE). It is antedated in the second millennium BCE by Mycenaean Greek. The language of the Hellenistic phase is known as Koine (common). Koine is regarded as a separate historical stage of its own, although in its earliest form it closely resembled Attic Greek and in its latest form it approaches Medieval Greek. Prior to the Koine period, Greek of the classic and earlier periods included several regional d...