Shed Skin
Shed Skin is a Python to C++ programming language compiler. It is experimental, and can translate pure, but implicitly statically typed Python programs into optimized C++. It can generate stand-alone programs or extension modules that can be imported and used in larger Python programs.
Shed Skin is an open source project with contributions from many people, however the main author is Mark Dufour. Work has been going into Shed Skin since 2005.
Features
Besides the typing restriction, programs cannot freely use the Python standard library, although about 20 common modules, such as random, itertools and re (regular expressions), are supported as of 2011. Also, not all Python features, such as nested functions and variable numbers of arguments, are supported. Many introspective dynamic parts of the language are unsupported. For example, functions like getattr, and hasattr are unsupported.
As of May 2011, Unicode is not supported.
For a set of 54 non-trivial test programs (at over 15,000 lines in total (sloccount)), measurements show a typical speedup of 2-20 times over Psyco, and 2-200 times over CPython. Shed Skin is still in an early stage of development, so many other programs will not compile unmodified.