Flim

Flim may refer to:

See also

Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy

Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy or FLIM is an imaging technique for producing an image based on the differences in the exponential decay rate of the fluorescence from a fluorescent sample. It can be used as an imaging technique in confocal microscopy, two-photon excitation microscopy, and multiphoton tomography.

The lifetime of the fluorophore signal, rather than its intensity, is used to create the image in FLIM. This has the advantage of minimizing the effect of photon scattering in thick layers of sample.

Fluorescence lifetimes

A fluorophore which is excited by a photon will drop to the ground state with a certain probability based on the decay rates through a number of different (radiative and/or nonradiative) decay pathways. To observe fluorescence, one of these pathways must be by spontaneous emission of a photon. In the ensemble description, the fluorescence emitted will decay with time according to

where

In the above, is time, is the fluorescence lifetime, is the initial fluorescence at , and are the rates for each decay pathway, at least one of which must be the fluorescence decay rate . More importantly, the lifetime, is independent of the initial intensity and of the emitted light. This can be utilized for making non-intensity based measurements in chemical sensing.

Flam

Flam or FLAM may refer to:

See also

Drum rudiment

In percussion music, a rudiment is one of a number of relatively small patterns which form the foundation for more extended and complex drum patterns. The term "rudiment" in this context means not only "basic", but also fundamental. While any level of drumming may, in some sense, be broken down by analysis into a series of component rudiments, the term "drum rudiment" is most closely associated with various forms of field drumming, also known as rudimental drumming.

Rudimental drumming has something of a flexible definition, even within drumming societies devoted to that form of drumming. For example, the longest running website on rudimental drumming defines it as "the study of coordination," whereas the Percussive Arts Society defines rudimental drumming as a particular method for learning the drums—beginning with rudiments, and gradually building up speed and complexity through practicing those rudiments. (An analogy might be made to learning the piano by first learning scales and arpeggios, as opposed to beginning by taking a full piece of music and grinding through it bit by bit, to the end.)

Nucleus

Nucleus (pl: nuclei) is a Latin word for the seed inside a fruit. It may refer to:

Computer systems

Other uses

Syllable

A syllable is a unit of organization for a sequence of speech sounds. For example, the word water is composed of two syllables: wa and ter. A syllable is typically made up of a syllable nucleus (most often a vowel) with optional initial and final margins (typically, consonants).

Syllables are often considered the phonological "building blocks" of words. They can influence the rhythm of a language, its prosody, its poetic meter and its stress patterns.

Syllabic writing began several hundred years before the first letters. The earliest recorded syllables are on tablets written around 2800 BC in the Sumerian city of Ur. This shift from pictograms to syllables has been called "the most important advance in the history of writing".

A word that consists of a single syllable (like English dog) is called a monosyllable (and is said to be monosyllabic). Similar terms include disyllable (and disyllabic) for a word of two syllables; trisyllable (and trisyllabic) for a word of three syllables; and polysyllable (and polysyllabic), which may refer either to a word of more than three syllables or to any word of more than one syllable.

Associator

In abstract algebra, the term associator is used in different ways as a measure of the nonassociativity of an algebraic structure.

Ring theory

For a nonassociative ring or algebra , the associator is the multilinear map given by

Just as the commutator measures the degree of noncommutativity, the associator measures the degree of nonassociativity of . It is identically zero for an associative ring or algebra.

The associator in any ring obeys the identity

The associator is alternating precisely when is an alternative ring.

The associator is symmetric in its two rightmost arguments when is a pre-Lie algebra.

The nucleus is the set of elements that associate with all others: that is, the n in R such that

It turns out that any two of being implies that the third is also the zero set.

Quasigroup theory

A quasigroup Q is a set with a binary operation such that for each a,b in Q, the equations and have unique solutions x,y in Q. In a quasigroup Q, the associator is the map defined by the equation