Dessau

Name	Dessau
German name
Art	Stadtteil
Town	Dessau-Roßlau
Image photo	Dessau marktplatz 01.jpg
Imagesize
Wappen	Wappen Dessau.png
Wappengröße
Lat deg	51 | lat_min = 50 | lat_sec =
Lon deg	12 | lon_min = 15 | lon_sec =
Karte
Lageplan
Lageplanbeschreibung
Bundesland	Saxony-Anhalt
Regierungsbezirk
Kreis	urban district
Amt	|Gemeindeverwaltungsverband = |Samtgemeinde =
Verbandsgemeinde	|Verwaltungsgemeinschaft = |Verwaltungsverband =
Höhe	61
Fläche	182.81
Area metro
Einwohner	77394
Pop metro
Stand	2006-12-31
Pop ref
Plz	06811-06849
Plz-alt
Vorwahl	0340
Kfz	DE
Gemeindeschlüssel
Nuts
Locode
Gliederung
Website	www.dessau.de
Bürgermeister
Bürgermeistertitel
Partei
Ruling party1	|ruling_party2 = |ruling_party3 =
Year
noautocat

Dessau is a town in Germany on the junction of the rivers Mulde and Elbe, in the Bundesland (Federal State) of Saxony-Anhalt. Since 1 July 2007, it is part of the merged town Dessau-Roßlau. Population of Dessau proper: 77,973 (June 2006).

Geography

Dessau is situated on a floodplain where the Mulde flows into the Elbe. This causes yearly floods. The worst flood took place in the year 2002, when the Waldersee district was nearly completely flooded. The south of Dessau touches a well-wooded area called Mosigkauer Heide. The highest elevation is a 110m high former rubbish dump called Scherbelberg in the southwest of Dessau. Dessau is surrounded by numerous parks and palaces that ranks Dessau as one of the greenest towns in Germany.

History

Dessau was first mentioned in 1213. It became an important centre in 1570, when the principality of Anhalt was founded. Dessau became the capital of this state within the Holy Roman Empire. Anhalt was dissolved In 1603 it was split into four – later five – Anhalts, Dessau becoming the capital of the mini-state of Anhalt-Dessau until 1918. In 1863 two of the noble line died out, and became reunited.

Dessau is famous for its college of architecture Bauhaus. It moved here in 1925 after it had been forced to close in Weimar. Many famous artists were lecturers in Dessau in the following years, among them Walter Gropius, Paul Klee and Wassily Kandinsky. The Nazis forced the closure of the Bauhaus in 1931, and it was not reopened until 1986.

The city was almost completely destroyed by Allied air raids in World War II on March 7, 1945 - just a few days before American troops occupied the town. Afterwards it was rebuilt with typical GDR concrete slab architecture and became a major industrial centre of East Germany. Since German reunification in 1990 many historic buildings have been restored.

The composer Kurt Weill was born in Dessau. Since 1993 the city has hosted an annual Kurt Weill Festival. Dessau was also the birthplace of the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn (in 1729), and Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (der alte Dessauer), a lauded field marshal for the Kingdom of Prussia.

Sights

Castles and gardens

Dessau-Wörlitzer Gartenreich with Landscape Garden Groß Kühnau, Oranienbaum, Sieglitzer Berg, Leiner Berg, Wörlitzer Park and numerous Monuments like the Drehberg (recorded in the UNESCO World Heritage)

Middle Elbe Biosphere Reserve (protected by UNESCO)

Zoo at Mausoleumspark

Wallwitzburg

Rondell

remains of the City Castle (Johannbau)

Georgium Palace and Park

Kühnau Palace and Park

Mosigkau Palace and Park

Luisium Palace and Park

The Bauhaus

There are several examples of Bauhaus architecture in Dessau, some of them included in the UNESCO World Heritage. The Bauhaus College itself was constructed after drafts by Walter Gropius.

*Bauhaus Dessau Museum, with audiovisual guidance

Masters' Houses

*Feininger House (Kurt Weill Centre)

*Muche-Schlemmer House

*Klee-Kandinsky House

*Gropius House (destroyed), now used for ticket sales, as a café and as a book-shop

Dessau-Törten Estate with co-op Building and House of Steel, Laubenganghouses and Fieger House

Grain House, constructed by Carl Fieger in 1930 as a restaurant, still in operation

Employment Office

Churches

St. Mary's Church

St. John's Church

Georgenkirche

Petruskirche

Auferstehungskirche

Pauluskirche

Christuskirche

Propsteikirche St. Peter and Paul

Dreieinigkeit

St. Josef

Other sights

Townhall, built in 1901

The Palaces of Waldersee and Dietrich, today they are used as libraries

General Post Office

New Water Tower

Umweltbundesamt (formerly Wörlitzer Bahnhof)

Footbridge crossing the river Mulde

Culture

Theatres and museums

Anhalt Theatre including Gregor Seyffert & Compagnie

City History Museum

Anhalt Art Gallery at Georgium Palace with Park

Mosigkau Palace Museum

Luisium Castle Museum with Park

Oranienbaum Palace Museum with Park

Museum of Natural- and Prehistory

Moses Mendelssohn - Zentre

Hugo Junkers Technical Museum

UCI Cinema Complex

Kiez-Cinema (one of the smallest Cinemas in Germany)

Regional media

Mitteldeutsche Zeitung (daily newspaper, Monday-Saturday)

Wochenspiegel (free newspapper on Wednesday) and Supersonntag (free newspaper on Sunday)

REGJO (quarterly Economy Journal for the Region of Leipzig/Halle)

leo (monthly, regional Event- and Culture Magazine)

local Studios of the MDR and SAW (Radiostations)

local TV Stations: RAN 1 and Offener Kanal Dessau

Transport

Public transport

Dessau owns a tramway system with three lines and several buses with numerous lines. The public transport is organized by a company named “DVG”, every year they transport around 6 million people.

Railway stations

Dessau Hauptbahnhof (main station) has connections to Magdeburg, Berlin, Leipzig, Halle, Bitterfeld and Lutherstadt Wittenberg. The line from Berlin was opened on 1 September 1840. The Dessau-Bitterfeld line (opened on 17 August 1857) was electrified in 1911, the first fully electrified long-distance railway in Germany. Dessau was part of the InterCity long distance network until the year 2002. Regional trains also stop at the stations Dessau-Süd, Dessau-Alten, Dessau-Mosigkau and Rodleben. The Dessau-Wörlitzer-Eisenbahn (railway) connects Dessau to Wörlitz, a town situated 15 km to the east, and the Wörlitzer Park. Starting point of this railway is the main station. This train also stops at the stations Dessau-Waldersee and Dessau-Adria.

Roads

In 1938 the autobahn A9 (Munich-Berlin) was built southeast of the town area. The two exits to Dessau on the A9 are called "Dessau-Ost" and "Dessau-Süd". Dessau is also crossed by the "Bundesstrassen" (federal roads) B 184 and B 185.

The airfield

The airfield of Dessau is situated northwest of the town between the districts Kleinkühnau, Alten and Siedlung. A destination with a charter airplane is possible. The runway has a length of 1000m. The Hugo Junkers Technical Museum is situated in the neighbourhood (directly east) of the airfield, which has the eastern end of the modern runway almost directly abutting the historical World War II Junkers factory airstrip's western end.

Water

Today the “Leopoldshafen” (harbour) is used for the annual international motorboat racings. The “Wallwitzhafen” is used as a private sportboat harbour and the “Elbehafen” near the Grain House is used for cruisers. The next harbour for goods is situated in Rosslau.

Bikes

Dessau is perfectly appropriated for biking. The bike roads have a length of about 146 km and guide you to all the parks and sights.

Sports

Sports like soccer, cycling, handball, volleyball, gymnastics, table tennis and tennis have a long tradition and are very popular in Dessau. The former soccer team "SG Waggonbau Dessau" won the GDR soccer cup in 1949. The handball team played in the GDR "Oberliga" and since 1990 they are playing in the 1st and 2nd "Bundesliga". Actually Dessau has around 80 sport clubs with over 13.500 members. Next to the traditional sports, Dessau has active sport clubs in the following disciplines: aikido, badminton, basketball, canoeing, chess, climbing, cycling, dancing, fishing, horse riding, karate, judo, ju-jutsu, motorboat, rowing, speedskating, sailing, skittles, skydiving, squash, swimming, water polo, wrestling and a few more.

Facilities

Numerous Sports Fields (more than 10)

Skittle Alleys (6)

Tennis Courts (3)

Boathouses (3)

Indoor Swimming Pools (2)

Paul-Greifzu-Stadion (for 22.000 viewers)

Speedskating Course

Climbing Tower Zuckerturm

Anhalt Arena Dessau (for 3.600 viewers)

Airfield Dessau

Rifle Range

Events in 2007

June 1 - 9th International Athletics Meeting "ANHALT 2007" (Official EAA-Outdoor-Permit-Meeting)

June 17 - Volleyball "European League", Germany vs. Spain

July 7 and 8th - 44th International Motorboat Race

July 23 - Friendly Soccer Game "FC Energie Cottbus vs. Leeds United"

August 19 - Handball-Champions-Cup

September 1 - 10th Colour Festival

September 2 - 7th Dessauer Cycling Race

September 23 - 9th International City-Run of Dessau

Politics

The borough of Dessau is mentioned first in 1372. The Head of the Town called "Schultheiss" was constituted by the Earl. Together with a few assessors the "Schultheiss" formed the Town Council. As of 1372 the Town Council was divided in 2 agencies. As of 1600 in three agencies and as of 1785 again in two agencies. The "Schultheiss" of Dessau changed nearly every year until the Town Council Constitution was cancelled in 1832. Afterwards Dessau became a Town Council and a Town Delegation Constitution. Since 1852 the Head of the Town is called Mayor. During the National Socialism the Mayor was constituted by the party (NSDAP). After the 2nd World War the Soviets formed an Executiv Council with a Mayor. The Town Council Constitution was elected by the people. Since the German reunification this committee is elected free. And since 1994 it's called "Stadtrat" (Town Council). The Mayor is directly elected by the people since 1994.

The Town Council (Stadtrat)

Consists of the following parties: (Local Elections from April 22 2007)

Lord Mayor: 1 Seat

CDU: 13 Seats

Die Linke: 10 Seats

SPD: 8 Seats

FDP: 4 Seats

Bündnis 90/Die Grünen: 2 Seats

Bürgerliste: 3 Seats

Freie Wähler: 1 Seats

DVU: 1 Seat

Neues Forum: 3 Seats

WG Pro Dessau-Rosslau: 5 Seats

Sister Cities

Argenteuil, France, since 1959 Klagenfurt, Austria, since 1971 Ludwigshafen, Rhineland-Palatinate, since 1988 Gliwice, Poland, since 1992 Ibbenbüren, North Rhine-Westphalia Roudnice nad Labem, Czech Republic

Education

Anhalt University of Applied Sciences (Architecture, Facility Management, Design and Geoinformatics)

Learning Centre from the German Chamber of Industry and Commerce (Halle/ Dessau)

Anhalt Vocational School Centre Hugo Junkers I, II and III (Chapon-School)

Grammar School "Walter Gropius"

Grammar School "Liborius"

Grammar School "Philantropinum"

European subsidies

Dessau is part of the EU-URBAN programme. This programme is based on the integrated approach that is used for tackling the environmental, economical and social problems, affecting the deprived urban areas. There are several projects in Dessau sponsored via this subsidy.

People

Thomas Kretschmann, Hollywood actor

Dieter Hallervorden, famous comedian and singer, honorary citizen of Dessau

Hugo Junkers, first airplane totally made from metal, the Junkers J 1 in 1915 - founded the Junkers & Co-airplane-factory which was europes biggest airplane-factory during World War II (e g Junkers Ju 52, Junkers G.38, Ju87 Stuka)

Johannes Winkler, launched the first liquid-fuelled rocket in Europe at Dessau airfield

Pedigrees of Dessauer, such as Josef Dessauer

Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau

Heinrich Schwabe, astronomer remembered for his work on sunspots

Moses Mendelssohn, philosopher, father of Haskalah

Wilhelm Müller, famous for the Lieder of Franz Schubert

Kurt Weill, composer

References

External links

Official Website of Dessau (English and German)

Bauhaus Dessau (English and German)

Masters' Houses (English and German)

Annual Kurt Weill Festival in Dessau (English and German)

Umweltbundesamt (English and German)

Dessau (English)

Handball Club of Dessau and Rosslau (German)

Football Club of Dessau-Rosslau (German)

Airfield in Dessau (German)

TV Station Offener Kanal Dessau (German)

Regional TV Station RAN 1 (German)

Tram in Dessau (English and German)

Category:Historic Jewish communities