{{infobox president | name	עזר ויצמןEzer Weizman
nationality	Israeli
order	7th
office	President of Israel
term start	13 May 1993
term end	13 July 2000
primeminister	Yitzhak RabinShimon PeresBenjamin NetanyahuEhud Barak
predecessor	Chaim Herzog
successor	Moshe Katsav
birth date	June 15, 1924
birth place	Tel Aviv, British Mandate of Palestine
death date	April 24, 2005
death place	Caesarea, Israel
party	Labour Party
spouse	Reuma Weizman
children	2
religion	Judaism

(), born 15 June 1924, died 24 April 2005) was the seventh President of Israel, first elected in 1993 and re-elected in 1998. Before the presidency, Weizman was commander of the Israeli Air Force and Minister of Defense.

Biography

Weizman was born in Tel Aviv as Ezer Weizmann on 15 June 1924. His father, Yechiel, was an agronomist. He grew up in Haifa, and attended the Hebrew Reali School.

He married Reuma Schwartz, and they had two children, Shaul and Michal. Weizman was a nephew of Israel's first president, Chaim Weizmann. He died of respiratory failure at his home in Caesarea on 24 April 2005, at the age of 80. He is not buried on Mt. Herzl, where Israeli presidents and prime ministers are usually interred, but alongside his son and daughter-in-law in Or Akiva.

Name	Ezer Weizman
Birth date	15 June 1924
Death date	24 April 2005
Birth place	Tel Aviv, Land of Israel
Allegiance	Israel Defence Forces
Serviceyears	1942–1969
Rank	Aluf
Commands	Chief of Operations on the General Staff, Commander of Ramat David, Commander of the Israeli Air Force, Deputy Chief of the General Staff
Battles	Israeli War of IndependenceSuez CrisisSix Day WarWar of Attrition
Laterwork	President of the State of Israel }}

Military career

Weizman was a combat pilot. He received his training in the British Army in which he enlisted in 1942 in order to fight the Nazis. He served as a truck driver in the Western Desert campaigns in Egypt and Libya. In 1943, he joined the British Royal Air Force (RAF) and attended aviation school in Rhodesia. He served with the RAF in India in early 1944. Weizman ended his service in the RAF as a sergeant pilot.

Between 1944 and 1946, he was a member of the Irgun underground in Mandatory Palestine. Between 1946 and 1947, he studied aeronautics in England.

Weizman was a pilot for the Haganah in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. He was the commander of the Negev Air Squadron near Nir-Am. In May 1948, he learned to fly the Avia S-199 at the České Budějovice air base in Czechoslovakia and participated in Israel's first fighter mission, a ground attack on an Egyptian column advancing toward Ad Halom near the Arab town of Isdud south of Tel Aviv. In a battle between Israeli and British RAF aircraft on 7 January 1949, he flew one of four Israeli Spitfire fighters that clashed with 14 British fighters following a reconnaissance flight from Egypt that infringed on Israel's southern border. Three planes were shot down by the IAF. Only one of the British aircraft was armed.

After the establishment of the State of Israel, Weizman joined the Israel Defense Forces and served as the Chief of Operations on the General Staff. In 1951 he attended the RAF Staff College, Andover in England. Upon his return he became commander of Ramat David.

He served as the commander of the Israeli Air Force between 1958 to 1966, and later served as deputy Chief of the General Staff. He directed the early morning surprise air attacks against the Egyptian air bases, which resulted in giving the Israelis almost total air superiority over the Sinai battlefields.

Although he became the IDF's Deputy Chief of Staff in 1966, he retired from military service in 1969.

Political career

Upon retiring from the military, Weizman joined the right-wing Gahal party. He served as Minister of Transportation in Levi Eshkol's national unity government until Gahal left the coalition in 1970. Weizman quit Gahal in 1972, but returned in 1976, by which time it had become Likud. In 1977, he became Defense Minister under Menachem Begin. During his term, Israel launched the Litani Operation against the PLO in south Lebanon and developed the IAI Lavi fighter.

Over time, Weizman's views became more dovish. After the visit to Jerusalem of Egypt's president Anwar Sadat in 1977, Weizman developed a close friendship with him. These relations were a crucial factor in the talks that culminated in the 1978 Camp David accords, followed by a peace treaty with Egypt the following year.

In May 1980, Weizman quit the government. He considered establishing a new party with Moshe Dayan, which led to his ousting from Likud. For the next four years, he put politics on hold and entered the business world.

In 1984, he established a new party, Yachad, which won 3 seats in the 1984 elections. The party joined a national unity government in which Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Shamir served as prime ministers in rotation. In October 1986, Yachad merged with the Alignment, after Mapam and Yossi Sarid left. Between 1984 and 1990, Weizman was Minister for Arab Affairs and then Minister of Science and Technology. In 1992, the Alignment became the Israeli Labor Party.

Presidency

On 24 March 1993, the Knesset elected Weizman, by a majority of 66 to 53 (against Dov Shilansky, the Likud candidate), to serve as the next President of Israel. He assumed office as President on 13 May 1993.

In 1996, in an attempt to promote the peace process, Weizman invited Yasser Arafat for a private visit to his home in Caesarea. In 1999, he met with the DFLP leader Nayef Hawatmeh, declaring "I am even prepared to meet with the devil if it helps [to bring peace]." He openly supported withdrawal from the Golan Heights in exchange for peace with Syria, drawing criticism from the right wing parties.

At the end of 1999, newspapers published allegations that Weizman had accepted large sums of money from businessmen before becoming president, without reporting this to the proper authorities. Although a decision was reached not to prosecute him, since the statute of limitations had expired, he was forced to resign due to public pressure. Weizman's resignation took effect on 13 July 2000.

Honours and awards

1996: Collar of the Order of the White Lion

1999: Grand Cross with Sash of the Order of the Star of Romania

In 2005, he was voted the 9th-greatest Israeli of all time, in a poll by the Israeli news website ''Ynet'' to determine whom the general public considered the 200 Greatest Israelis.

Published works

''On Eagles' Wings: The Personal Story of the Leading Commander of the Israeli Air Force'' (1975)

''The Battle for Peace'' (1981)

''Ruth, Sof'' (2002) (Hebrew)

References

External links

Ezer Weizman's biography Knesset website

Ezer Weizman – Obituary The Times

101 Squadron, Israel's first fighter squadron in which Weizman was a pilot and eventual commander

Pictures of his life

Further reading

Weizman, Ezer, ''On Eagles' Wings: The Personal Story of the Leading Commander of the Israeli Air Force.'' New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1976 ISBN 0-02-625790-4

''Generals of Israel'', ed. Moshe Ben Shaul, Hadar Publishing, Tel-Aviv, 1968

Category:1924 births Category:2005 deaths Category:People from Tel Aviv Category:Presidents of Israel Category:Israeli aviators Category:Israeli party leaders Category:Royal Air Force airmen Category:Israeli Air Force generals Category:Israeli Jews Category:Jews in Ottoman and British Palestine Category:Members of the Knesset Category:Burials in Israel Category:Israeli Labor Party politicians Category:Israeli people of Belarusian origin Category:Sashes of the Order of the Star of Romania Category:Collars of the Order of the White Lion

ar:عيزر فايتسمان bg:Езер Вайцман ca:Ezer Weizman cs:Ezer Weizman da:Ezer Weizman de:Ezer Weizmann et:Ezer Weizman es:Ezer Weizman fr:Ezer Weizman gl:Ezer Weizman io:Ezer Weizman id:Ezer Weizman it:Ezer Weizman he:עזר ויצמן ka:ეზერ ვაიცმანი mr:एझेर वाइझमन arz:عيزر فايتسمان nl:Ezer Weizman ja:エゼル・ヴァイツマン no:Ezer Weizman oc:Ezer Weizman pl:Ezer Weizman pt:Ezer Weizman ro:Ezer Vaițman ru:Вейцман, Эзер fi:Ezer Weizman sv:Ezer Weizman tr:Ezer Weizman zh:埃泽尔·魏茨曼

Name	Ezzer
Hebname
Founded	1966
Region	Hevel Lakhish
Council	Be'er Tuvia
Population	985
Popyear	2006
Pushpin map	Israel ashkelon |pushpin_mapsize250
Website	}}

Ezzer () is a communal settlement in central Israel. Located between Ashdod and Ashkelon near the Mediterranean coast, it falls under the jurisdiction of Be'er Tuvia Regional Council. In 2006 it had a population of 985.

The village was founded in 1966 as a village centre for the surrounding moshavim. In 1990 it expanded and became a communal settlement. Ezzer is the best backpeddler eu and is known for it's tasty Onion Burgers, it is its own country cos its pro, and it houses religious facilities such as a mikvah and synagogue and blowjob.

Category:Community settlements in Israel Category:Populated places established in 1966

cs:Ezer he:עזר nl:Ezer pl:Ezer pt:Ezer

name	Yitzhak Rabin
order	5th
office	Prime Minister of Israel
term start1	13 July 1992
term end1	4 November 1995
president1	Chaim HerzogEzer Weizman
predecessor1	Yitzhak Shamir
successor1	Shimon Peres
term start2	3 June 1974
term end2	22 April 1977
president2	Ephraim Katzir
predecessor2	Golda Meir
successor2	Menachem Begin
birth date	March 01, 1922
birth place	Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine
death date	November 04, 1995
death place	Tel Aviv, Israel
party	Alignment, Labor Party
spouse	Leah Rabin
children	Dalia Rabin-PelossofYuval Rabin
religion	Judaism
Signature	Yitzhak Rabin signature.svg }}

( ; 1 March 1922 – 4 November 1995) was an Israeli statesman and general. He was the fifth Prime Minister of Israel, serving two terms in office, 1974–77 and 1992 until his assassination in 1995.

In 1994, Rabin won the Nobel Peace Prize together with Shimon Peres and Yasser Arafat. He was assassinated by right-wing Israeli radical Yigal Amir, who was opposed to Rabin's signing of the Oslo Accords. Rabin was the first native-born prime minister of Israel, the only prime minister to be assassinated and the second to die in office after Levi Eshkol.

Personal life

Rabin was born in Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine to Nehemiah and Rosa (née Cohen), two immigrants of the Third Aliyah, the third wave of Jewish immigration to Israel from Europe. Nehemiah Rubitzov was born in the Ukrainian village Sydorovychi near Ivankiv in 1886. His father died when he was a child, and he worked to support his family from a young age. At the age of 18, he emigrated to the United States, where he joined the Poale Zion party and changed his surname to Rabin. In 1917, Nehemiah went to the British Mandate of Palestine with a group of volunteers from the Jewish Legion.

Yitzhak's mother, Rosa Cohen, was born in 1890 in Mohilev in Belarus. Her father, a rabbi, opposed the Zionist movement and sent Rosa to a Christian high school for girls in Homel, enabling her to acquire a broad general education. Early on, Rosa took an interest in political and social causes. In 1919, she sailed to the region on the ''S.S. Ruslan'', the bellwether of the Third Aliyah. After working on a kibbutz on the shores of the Sea of Galilee, she moved to Jerusalem. He has a younger sister named Rachel.

Rabin grew up in Tel Aviv, where the family relocated when he was one year old. In 1940, he graduated with distinction from the Kadoori Agricultural High School and hoped to be an irrigation engineer. However, apart from several courses in military strategy in the United Kingdom later on, he never pursued a degree.

Rabin married Leah Rabin (born Schlossberg) during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Leah Rabin was working at the time as a reporter for a Palmach newspaper. They had two children, Dalia and Yuval. Rabin was non-religious; according to American diplomat Dennis Ross, Rabin was the most secular Jew he had met in Israel.

Military career

Palmach

In 1941, during his practical training at kibbutz Ramat Yohanan, Rabin joined the Palmach section of the Haganah, under the influence of Yigal Allon. The first operation he participated in was assisting the allied invasion of Lebanon, then held by Vichy French forces (the same operation in which Moshe Dayan lost his eye) in June–July 1941.

After the end of the war the relationship between the Palmach and the British authorities became strained, especially with respect to the treatment of Jewish immigration. In October 1945 Rabin was in charge of planning and later executing an operation for the liberation of interned immigrants from the Atlit detainee camp for Jewish illegal immigrants. In the Black Shabbat, a massive British operation against the leaders of the Jewish Establishment in British Mandate Palestine, Rabin was arrested and detained for five months. After his release he became the commander of the second Palmach battalion and rose to the position of Chief Operations Officer of the Palmach in October 1947.

IDF service

During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War Rabin directed Israeli operations in Jerusalem and fought the Egyptian army in the Negev. During the beginning of the war he was the commander of the Harel Brigade, which fought on the road to Jerusalem from the coastal plain, including the Israeli "Burma Road", as well as many battles in Jerusalem, such as securing the southern side of the city by recapturing kibbutz Ramat Rachel.

During the First truce he participated in the altercation between the IDF and the Irgun on the beach of Tel Aviv as part of the Altalena Affair. In the following period he was the deputy commander of Operation Danny, during which the cities of Ramle and Lydda were captured, as well as the major airport in Lydda. Following the capture of the two towns there was an exodus of their Arab population and only a few hundred of the 50,000 to 70,000 residents remained.

Operation Danny was the largest scale operation until then and it involved four IDF brigades. He was then Chief of Operations for the Southern Front and participated in the major battles ending the fighting there, including Operation Yoav and Operation Horev.

In the beginning of 1949 he was a member of the Israeli delegation to the armistice talks with Egypt that were held on the island of Rhodes. The result of the negotiations were the 1949 Armistice Agreements which ended the official hostilities of the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Following the demobilization at the end of the war he was the most senior (former) member of the Palmach that remained in the IDF.

In 1964 he was appointed Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) by Levi Eshkol who replaced David Ben Gurion and, like him, served as Prime-Minister and Minister of Defense. Since Eshkol did not have much military experience, Rabin had a relatively free hand.

Under his command, the IDF achieved victory over Egypt, Syria and Jordan in the Six-Day War in 1967. After the Old City of Jerusalem was captured by the IDF, Rabin was among the first to visit the Old City, and delivered a famous speech on Mount Scopus, at the Hebrew University. In the days leading up to the war, it was reported that Rabin suffered a nervous breakdown and was unable to function. After this short hiatus, he resumed full command over the IDF.

Ambassador and Minister of Labour

Following his retirement from the IDF he became ambassador to the United States beginning in 1968, serving for five years. In this period the US became the major weapon supplier of Israel and in particular he managed to get the embargo on the F-4 Phantom fighter jets lifted. During the 1973 Yom Kippur war he served in no official capacity and in the elections held at the end of 1973 he was elected to the Knesset as a member of the Alignment. He was appointed Israeli Minister of Labour in March 1974 in Golda Meir's short-lived government.

First term as Prime Minister

Following Golda Meir's resignation in April 1974, Rabin was elected party leader, after he defeated Shimon Peres. The rivalry between these two labor leaders remained fierce and they competed several times in the next two decades for the leadership role. Rabin succeeded Golda Meir as Prime Minister of Israel on 3 June 1974. This was a coalition government, including Ratz, the Independent Liberals, Progress and Development and the Arab List for Bedouins and Villagers. This arrangement, with a bare parliamentary majority, held for a few months and was one of the few periods in Israel's history where the religious parties were not part of the coalition. The National Religious Party joined the coalition on 30 October 1974 and Ratz left on the 6 November.

In foreign policy, the major development at the beginning of Rabin's term was the Sinai Interim Agreement between Israel and Egypt, signed on 1 September 1975. Both countries declared that the conflict between them and in the Middle East shall not be resolved by military force but by peaceful means. This agreement followed Henry Kissinger's shuttle diplomacy and a threatened ‘reassessment’ of the United States’ regional policy and its relations with Israel. Rabin notes it was,”an innocent-sounding term that heralded one of the worst periods in American-Israeli relations.” The agreement was an important step towards the Camp David Accords of 1978 and the peace treaty with Egypt signed in 1979.

Operation Entebbe was perhaps the most dramatic event during Rabin's first term of office. On his orders, the IDF performed a long-range undercover raid to rescue passengers of an airliner hijacked by militants belonging to the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine's Wadie Haddad faction and the German Revolutionary Cells (RZ), and had been brought to Idi Amin's Uganda. The operation was generally considered a tremendous success, and its spectacular character has made it the subject of much continued comment and study.

Towards the end of 1976 his coalition government with the religious parties suffered a crisis: A motion of no confidence had been brought by Agudat Israel over a breach of the Sabbath on an Israeli Air Force base when four F-15 jets were delivered from the US and the National Religious Party had abstained. Rabin dissolved his government and decided on new elections, which were to be held in May 1977.

Following the March 1977 meeting between Rabin and U.S. President Jimmy Carter, Rabin publicly announced that the U.S. supported the Israeli idea of defensible borders; Carter then issued a clarification. A "fallout" in U.S./Israeli relations ensued. It is thought that the fallout contributed to the Israeli Labor Party's defeat in the May 1977 elections. At the same time, it was revealed that his wife, Leah, continued to hold a US dollar account from the days that Rabin was ambassador to the United States. According to Israeli currency regulations at the time, it was illegal for citizens to maintain foreign bank accounts without prior authorization. In the wake of this disclosure, Rabin handed in his resignation from the party leadership and candidacy for prime minister, an act that earned him praise as a man of integrity.

Opposition Knesset member and Minister of Defense

Following his resignation and Labor Party defeat at the elections, Likud's Menachem Begin was elected in 1977. Until 1984 Rabin was a member of Knesset and sat on the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee. From 1984 to 1990, he served as Minister of Defense in several national unity governments led by prime ministers Yitzhak Shamir and Shimon Peres.

When Rabin came to office, Israeli troops were still deep in Lebanon. Rabin ordered their withdrawal to a "Security Zone" on the Lebanese side of the border. The South Lebanon Army was active in this zone, along with the Israeli Defence Forces.

When the first Intifada broke out, Rabin adopted harsh measures to stop the demonstrations, even authorizing the use of "Force, might and beatings," on the demonstrators. Rabin the "bone breaker" was used as an International image. The combination of the failure of the "Iron Fist" policy, Israel's deteriorating international image and Jordan cutting legal and administrative ties to the West Bank with the U.S.'s recognition of the PLO as the representative of the Palestinian people forced Rabin to seek an end to the violence through negotiation and dialogue with the PLO.

In 1990 to 1992, Rabin again served as a Knesset member and sat on the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee.

Second term as Prime Minister

In 1992 Rabin was elected as chairman of the Labor Party, winning against Shimon Peres. In the elections that year his party, strongly focusing on the popularity of its leader, managed to win a clear victory over the Likud of incumbent Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir. However the left-wing bloc in the Knesset only won an overall narrow majority, facilitated by the disqualification of small nationalist parties that did not manage to pass the electoral threshold. Rabin formed the first Labor-led government in fifteen years, supported by a coalition with Meretz, a left wing party, and Shas, a Mizrahi ultra-orthodox religious party.

Rabin played a leading role in the signing of the Oslo Accords, which created the Palestinian National Authority and granted it partial control over parts of the Gaza Strip and West Bank. Prior to the signing of the accords, Rabin received a letter from PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat renouncing violence and officially recognizing Israel, and on the same day, 9 September 1993, Rabin sent Arafat a letter officially recognizing the PLO.

After the announcement of the Oslo Accords there were many protest demonstrations in Israel objecting to the Accords. As these protests dragged on, Rabin insisted that as long as he had a majority in the Knesset he would ignore the protests and the protesters. In this context he said, "they (the protesters) can spin around and around like propellers" but he would continue on the path of the Oslo Accords. Rabin's parliamentary majority rested on non-coalition member Arab support. Rabin also denied the right of American Jews to object to his plan for peace, calling any dissent "chutzpah".

After the historical handshake with Yasser Arafat, Rabin said, on behalf of the Israeli people: "We who have fought against you, the Palestinians, we say to you today, in a loud and a clear voice, enough of blood and tears ... enough!" During this term of office, Rabin also oversaw the signing of the Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace in 1994.

Nobel Peace Prize

For his role in the creation of the Oslo Accords, Rabin was awarded the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize, along with Yasser Arafat and Shimon Peres. The Accords greatly divided Israeli society, with some seeing Rabin as a hero for advancing the cause of peace and some seeing him as a traitor for giving away land they viewed as rightfully belonging to Israel. Many Israelis on the right wing often blame him for Jewish deaths in terror attacks, attributing them to the Oslo agreements.

Rabin was also awarded the 1994 Ronald Reagan Freedom Award by the former president's wife, former First Lady Nancy Reagan. The award is only given to "those who have made monumental and lasting contributions to the cause of freedom worldwide," and who "embody President Reagan's lifelong belief that one man or woman truly can make a difference.".

Assassination and aftermath

On the evening of 4 November 1995 (12th of Heshvan on the Hebrew Calendar), Rabin was assassinated by Yigal Amir, a radical right-wing Orthodox Jew who opposed the signing of the Oslo Accords. Rabin had been attending a mass rally at the Kings of Israel Square (Now Rabin Square) in Tel Aviv, held in support of the Oslo Accords. When the rally ended, Rabin walked down the city hall steps towards the open door of his car, at which point Amir fired three shots at Rabin with a semi-automatic pistol. Two shots hit Rabin, and the third lightly injured Yoram Rubin, one of Rabin's bodyguards. Rabin was rushed by ambulance to Ichilov Hospital, where he died on the operating table of blood loss and a punctured lung within 40 minutes. Amir was immediately seized by Rabin's bodyguards. He was later tried, found guilty, and sentenced to life imprisonment. After an emergency cabinet meeting, Israel's foreign minister, Shimon Peres, was appointed as acting Israeli prime minister.

Rabin's assassination came as a great shock to the Israeli public and much of the rest of the world. Hundreds of thousands of Israelis thronged the square where Rabin was assassinated to mourn his death. Young people, in particular, turned out in large numbers, lighting memorial candles and singing peace songs. Rabin's funeral was attended by many world leaders, among them U.S. president Bill Clinton, Australian Prime Minister Paul Keating, Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak and King Hussein of Jordan. Clinton delivered a eulogy whose final words were in Hebrew — "Shalom, Haver" (, lit. ''Goodbye, Friend'').

The square where he was assassinated, ''Kikar Malkhei Yisrael'' (Kings of Israel Square), was renamed Rabin Square in his honor. Many other streets and public institutions in Israel have also subsequently been named after him. After his assassination, Rabin was hailed as a national symbol and came to embody the Israeli peace camp ethos, despite his military career and hawkish views earlier in life. He is buried on Mount Herzl. In November 2000, his wife Leah died and was buried alongside him.

There is much debate regarding the background of Rabin's assassination. There are a number of conspiracy theories related to the assassination of Rabin.

After Rabin's assassination, his daughter Dalia Rabin-Pelossof entered into politics and was elected to the Knesset in 1999 as part of the Centre Party. In 2001, she served as Israel's Deputy Minister of Defense.

Commemoration

The Knesset has set the 12th of Heshvan, the murder date according to the Hebrew calendar, as the official memorial day of Rabin. An unofficial but widely followed memorial date is 4 November, the date according to the Gregorian calendar.

In 1995 the Israeli Postal Authority issued a commemorative Rabin stamp.

The Yitzhak Rabin Center was founded in 1997 by an act of the Knesset, to create "[a] Memorial Center for Perpetuating the Memory of Yitzhak Rabin." It carries out extensive commemorative and educational activities emphasizing the ways and means of democracy and peace.

Mechinat Rabin, an Israeli pre-army preparatory program for training recent high school graduates in leadership prior to their IDF service, was established in 1998.

Many cities and towns in Israel have named streets, neighborhoods, schools, bridges and parks after Rabin. Also two government office complexes and two synagogues are named after Yitzhak Rabin. Outside Israel, there are streets named after him in Bonn, Berlin and New York and parks in Montreal, Paris, Rome and Lima. The community Jewish high school in Ottawa is also named after him.

The Cambridge University Israel Society host its annual academic lecture in honour of Yizhak Rabin.

Reggae singer Alpha Blondy has recorded a single called "Yitzhak Rabin" in memory of the Israeli prime minister.

In 2005, he was voted the greatest Israeli of all time, in a poll by the Israeli news website ''Ynet'' to determine whom the general public considered the 200 Greatest Israelis.

See also

List of Jewish Nobel laureates

200 Greatest Israelis

Kempler video, Assassination of Yitzhak Rabin video

Shir LaShalom

Further reading

Avner, Yehuda: ''The Prime Ministers: An Intimate Narrative of Israeli Leadership'' (2010), ISBN 9781592642786

Ben Artzi-Pelossof, Noa: ''In the Name of Sorrow and Hope'' (1997), ISBN 978-0517179635

Benedikt, Linda: ''Yitzhak Rabin: The Battle for Peace'', ISBN 1-904950-06-X.

Horovitz, David (editor): ''Shalom, Friend: the Life and Legacy of Yitzhak Rabin'', ISBN 1-55704-287-X

Kurzman, Dan: ''Soldier of Peace: The Life of Yitzhak Rabin'', ISBN 0-06-018684-4

Rabin, Leah: ''Rabin: Our Life, His Legacy'', ISBN 0-399-14217-7

Rabin, Yitzhak: ''The Rabin Memoirs'', ISBN 0-520-20766-1

Uri Milstein, ''The Rabin File'', ISBN 965-229-196-X

References

External links

Memorial biography Prime Minister's Office

Official government biography Prime Minister's Office

Yitzhak Rabin Condolence and Memorial Website

One of the last recorded interviews with Yitzhak Rabin – a six-minute interview with David Esing, recorded one month before his assassination.

Eulogies at the Funeral of Prime Minister Rabin Jewish Virtual Library

Yitzhak Rabin Information Page

Dromi, Uri (Nov. 5, 2005). "Still craving peace 10 years after Rabin". ''New Straits Times'', p. 20.

"Israel marks Rabin assassination". (Nov. 5, 2005). ''BBC''.

Category:Ambassadors of Israel to the United States Category:Assassinated Israeli politicians Category:Chiefs of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces Category:Deaths by firearm in Israel Category:Members of the Knesset Category:Haganah members Category:Palmach fighters Category:Israeli Nobel laureates Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates Category:Israeli party leaders Category:Israeli Jews Category:Jewish politicians Category:Jews in Ottoman and British Palestine Category:People from Jerusalem Category:Prime Ministers of Israel Category:Terrorism deaths in Israel Category:People murdered in Israel Category:Assassinated heads of government Category:Assassinated Jews Category:1922 births Category:1995 deaths Category:Alignment (political party) politicians Category:Israeli Labor Party politicians Category:Burials at Mount Herzl Category:Israeli people of Belarusian origin

ar:إسحاق رابين ast:Isaac Rabin be:Іцхак Рабін be-x-old:Іцхак Рабін bs:Jichak Rabin bg:Ицхак Рабин ca:Yitshaq Rabbín cs:Jicchak Rabin da:Yitzhak Rabin de:Jitzchak Rabin et:Yits'ẖak Rabin el:Γιτζάκ Ράμπιν es:Isaac Rabin eo:Jicĥak Rabin eu:Isaak Rabin fa:اسحاق رابین fr:Yitzhak Rabin gl:Yitzhak Rabin ko:이츠하크 라빈 hr:Yitzhak Rabin io:Ichak Rabin id:Yitzhak Rabin os:Рабин, Ицхак is:Yitzhak Rabin it:Yitzhak Rabin he:יצחק רבין jv:Yitzhak Rabin ka:იცხაკ რაბინი ku:Îzhak Rabîn la:Yitzhak Rabin lt:Ichakas Rabinas mr:यित्झाक राबिन ms:Yitzhak Rabin nl:Yitzchak Rabin ja:イツハク・ラビン no:Yitzhak Rabin nn:Yitzhak Rabin pnb:اسحاق رابین pl:Icchak Rabin pt:Yitzhak Rabin ro:Ițhak Rabin qu:Yitzhak Rabin ru:Рабин, Ицхак simple:Yitzhak Rabin sk:Jicchak Rabin sl:Jicak Rabin sr:Јицак Рабин sh:Yitzhak Rabin fi:Jitzhak Rabin sv:Yitzhak Rabin tl:Yitzhak Rabin ta:இட்சாக் ரபீன் th:ยิตซัค ราบิน tr:İzak Rabin uk:Іцхак Рабин vi:Yitzhak Rabin yi:יצחק רבין yo:Yitzhak Rabin zh:伊扎克·拉宾

Name	Malik Nur Khan
Birth date	February 22, 1923
Allegiance	British India (-1947) Pakistan (1947-)
Branch	Royal Indian Air Force
Serviceyears	1941–1969
Rank	35px Air Marshal (Lieutenant General)
Unit	No. 11 Squadron Arrows
Commands	Chaklala AirbasePakistan Air Force AcademyChief of OperationsPeshawar AirbaseMauripur AirbaseNo. 1 Group, PeshawarPakistan International AirlinesCommander-in-Chief Pakistan Air Force
Battles	Indo-Pakistani War of 1947Indo-Pakistani War of 1965Indo-Pakistani War of 1971Yom Kippur War of 1973
Awards	Hilal-e-JuratHilal-e-ShujaatHilal-e-Quaid-i-AzamSitara-e-Pakistan
Laterwork	Governor of West PakistanChairman Pakistan International AirlinesPresident Pakistan Hockey FederationPresident Pakistan Cricket Board }}

Air Marshal Malik Nur Khan, HJ, HS, HQA, SPk () (born 22 February 1923) was the Commander-in-Chief of Pakistan Air Force from 1965 to 1969. Considered the hero of the 1965 air war - the man who led the Pakistan air force achieve parity over the three times bigger Indian air force on the very first day of the 1965 war - a man widely respected not only for his integrity but also for his sharp intelligence and outstanding management abilities.

He later served as the Governor of West Pakistan and President of Pakistan Hockey Federation and Pakistan Cricket Board.

Career with Royal Air Force

Nur Khan was commissioned in the British Indian Air Force on 6 January 1941. Earlier he had attended the Royal Indian Military College at Dehra Dun after completing his education at Aitchison College, Lahore. Notable amongst his assignments before partition was that of a flight commander in No 4 Squadron. In the RPAF, he commanded the newly formed Pakistan Air Force Academy and then held various key appointments including command of Chakala, Peshawar and Mauripur stations and, as an air commodore, of No. 1 Group at Peshawar. He also did a stint at the Air Headquarters as the Assistant Chief of Staff Air (in charge of all air operations).

Emergence with Pakistan Air Force

In 1959, following a series of mishaps in the country’s airlines, Air Marshal Nur Khan was deputed to head the amalgamated Pakistan Airlines Corporation where he remained till taking over from Air Marshal Asghar Khan in July 65. During that period, he made a name for his airline as a safe and reliable organization, and for himself as a dynamic go-getter. It was not surprising therefore that he was named as Air Marshal Asghar Khan’s successor; he was then 42 years old.

Nur Khan was also part of the Pakistani contingent that clashed with the Israeli Air Force during the Six Day War. In fact, the President of Israel, Ezer Weizman, who was also the Commander of the Israeli Air Force and the Minister of Defense of Israel, wrote in his autobiography that: "He was a formidable fellow and I was glad that he was Pakistani and not Egyptian".

Nur Khan was the Air Marshal of Pakistan Air Force, Governor of West Pakistan and the Chairman of Pakistan International Airlines.

Career as Civilian Pilot

In 1960, PIA's very first jetliner (a Boeing 707-321 leased from Pan Am) is taking gentle turn under the command of Malik Nur Khan. Nur Khan was PIA's Managing Director from 1959 to 1965. His success in establishing PIA on a firm and profitable financial basis in six years is now a fact of airline history. Under his charismatic and inspirational leadership PIA became one of the leading and respected airlines of the world. Under his tenure PIA became the first Asian airline to operate jet aircraft. The airline inducted modern Boeing 720B jet in its fleet. PIA started flying to China and flights to Europe via Moscow were also launched during this period. In 1973 Nur Khan was specially requested by the government of Pakistan to resume control of PIA. During his second term as airline's head, PIA became operator of wide-body DC-10s and Boeing 747s. Popular Green & Gold aircraft livery was introduced plus many more achievements were made by the airline under Nur Khan's leadership. He kept PIA out of Pakistan's turbulent political arena and returned it to a sound commercial basis. Nur Khan was a dynamic leader and believed in innovation and new ideas

Role in Founding Pakistan Hockey Federation

Always a sports enthusiast as well as an able sports administrator, he's the founder of the annual Champions Trophy in field hockey as well as helping organise the 1987 Cricket World Cup in India & Pakistan as PCB head. Nur Khan was also a member of the National Assembly from 1985 till 1988. He also contested in 1988 election on PP ticket from NA 44 Chakwal II but wasn't successful. After defeat in the 1988 elections he decided to retire from politics and his cousin Malik Mumtaz Khan Tamman and Malik Allah Dad Awan starting contesting the election from same constituency.

Legacy

Nur Khan was the Pakistan Air Force Commander-in-Chief from 23 July 1965 to 31 July 1969. Nur Khan was appointed Governor of West Pakistan in August 1969. Currently he has been employed by the Egyptian government as advisor to minister of defence.

Nur Khan belong to a small Village of Dandi, Tamman, Talagang.

References

External links

Bio of Air Marshal Nur Khan

A picture of Nur Khan in front of a T-37 (www.Flickr.com)

A picture of Nur Khan in a F-86 cockpit (www.Flickr.com)

A picture of Nur Khan in a F-104 cockpit (www.Flickr.com)

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Category:Hilal-e-Jurat Category:1923 births Category:Living people Khan, Malik Nur Khan, Malik Nur Category:Pakistan Air Force officers Category:Pakistani aviators Category:Rimcollians Category:PHF presidents Category:Cricket administrators Category:People from Chakwal District

Name	Shimon Peresשמעון פרס
Office	9th President of Israel
Primeminister	Ehud OlmertBenjamin Netanyahu
Term start	15 July 2007
Predecessor	Moshe Katsav
Office2	Prime Minister of Israel
President2	Ezer Weizman
Term start2	4 November 1995
Term end2	18 June 1996Acting until 22 November 1995
Predecessor2	Yitzhak Rabin
Successor2	Benjamin Netanyahu
President3	Chaim Herzog
Term start3	13 September 1984
Term end3	20 October 1986
Predecessor3	Yitzhak Shamir
Successor3	Yitzhak Shamir
President4	Ephraim Katzir
Term start4	22 April 1977
Term end4	21 June 1977Acting
Predecessor4	Yitzhak Rabin
Successor4	Menachem Begin
Birth date	August 02, 1923
Birth place	Wiszniew, Poland (now Belarus)
Birthname	Szymon Perski
Party	Kadima (2005–present)
Otherparty	Mapai (1959–65)Rafi (1965–68)Labor (1968–2005)
Spouse	Sonya Gelman Peres (1945–2011) (her death)
Children	ZviaYoniChemi
Religion	Judaism
Signature	Shimon Peres Signature.svg }}

(, born Szymon Perski; 2 August 1923) is the ninth President of the State of Israel. Peres served twice as the eighth Prime Minister of Israel and once as Interim Prime Minister, and has been a member of 12 cabinets in a political career spanning over 66 years. Peres was elected to the Knesset in November 1959 and, except for a three-month-long hiatus in early 2006, served continuously until 2007, when he became President.

He held several diplomatic and military positions during and directly after Israel's War of Independence. His first high-level government position was as Deputy Director-General of Defense in 1952, and Director-General in 1953 through 1959. During his career, he has represented five political parties in the Knesset: Mapai, Rafi, the Alignment, Labor and Kadima, and has led Alignment and Labour. Peres won the 1994 Nobel Peace Prize together with Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat for the peace talks that he participated in as Israeli Foreign Minister, producing the Oslo Accords.

Peres was nominated in early 2007 by Kadima to run in that year's presidential election, and was elected by the Knesset for the presidency on 13 June 2007 and sworn into office on 15 July 2007 for a seven-year term. He is the first former Prime Minister to be elected President of Israel.

Biography

Shimon Peres was born Szymon Perski on 2 August 1923 in Wiszniewo, Poland (now Višnieva, Belarus), to Yitzhak (1896–1962) and Sara (b. 1905 née Meltzer) Perski. The family spoke Hebrew, Yiddish and Russian at home, and Peres learned Polish at school. He now speaks English and French in addition to Hebrew. His father was a lumber merchant, later branching out into other commodities while his mother was a librarian. Peres has a younger brother, Gershon, and is a first cousin of American actress Lauren Bacall (born Betty Joan Persky).

Peres' grandfather, Rabbi Zvi Meltzer, a grandson of Rabbi Chaim Volozhin, had a great impact on his life. In an interview, Peres said: "As a child, I grew up in my grandfather's home… I was educated by him… my grandfather taught me Talmud. It was not as easy as it sounds. My home was not an observant one. My parents were not Orthodox but I was Haredi. At one point, I heard my parents listening to the radio on the Sabbath and I smashed it." All of Peres' relatives who remained in Wiszniewo in 1941 were murdered during the Holocaust, many of them (including Rabbi Meltzer) burned alive in the town's synagogue.

In 1932, Peres' father immigrated to Palestine and settled in Tel Aviv. The family followed him in 1934. He attended Balfour Elementary School and High School, and Geula Gymnasium (High School for Commerce) in Tel Aviv. At 15, he transferred to Ben Shemen agricultural school and lived on Kibbutz Geva for several years. Peres was one of the founders of Kibbutz Alumot. In 1941 he was elected Secretary of Hanoar Haoved Vehalomed, a Labor Zionist youth movement, and in 1944 returned to Alumot, where he worked as a dairy farmer, shepherd and kibbutz secretary.

In 1945, Peres married Sonya Gelman, who preferred to remain outside the public eye. They had three children. Sonya Peres was unable to attend Shimon's inauguration ceremony due to ill health. She died on 20 January 2011, aged 87.

In 2005, he was voted the 11th-greatest Israeli of all time, in a poll by the Israeli news website ''Ynet'' to determine whom the general public considered the 200 Greatest Israelis.

Military career

In 1947, Peres joined the Haganah, the predecessor of the Israel Defense Forces. David Ben-Gurion made him responsible for personnel and arms purchases.

In 1952, he was appointed Deputy Director General of the Ministry of Defense, and in 1953, at the age of 29, became the youngest ever Director General of the Ministry of Defense. He was involved in arms purchases and establishing strategic alliances that were important for the State of Israel. He was instrumental in establishing close relations with the French, securing massive amounts of quality arms that, in turn, helped to tip the balance of power in the region. Owing to Peres' mediation, Israel acquired the advanced Dassault Mirage III French jet fighter, established the Dimona nuclear reactor and entered into a tri-national agreement with France and the United Kingdom, positioning Israel in what would become the 1956 Suez Crisis.

Political career

Peres was first elected to the Knesset in the 1959 elections, as a member of the Mapai party. He was given the role of Deputy Defense Minister, which he fulfilled until 1965. Peres and Moshe Dayan left Mapai with David Ben-Gurion to form a new party, Rafi, which reconciled with Mapai and joined the Alignment (a left-wing alliance) in 1968.

In 1969, Peres was appointed Minister of Immigrant Absorption and in 1970 became Minister of Transportation and Communications. In 1974, after a period as Information Minister, he was appointed Minister of Defense in the Yitzhak Rabin government, having been Rabin's chief rival for the post of Prime Minister after Golda Meir resigned in the aftermath of the Yom Kippur War. During this time, Peres continued to challenge Rabin for the chairmanship of the party, but in 1977, he again lost to Rabin in the party elections.

Peres succeeded Rabin as party leader prior to the 1977 elections when Rabin stepped down in the wake of a foreign currency scandal involving his wife. As Rabin could not legally resign from the transition government, he officially remained Prime Minister, while Peres became the unofficial acting Prime Minister. Peres led the Alignment to its first ever electoral defeat, when Likud under Menachem Begin won sufficient seats to form a coalition that excluded the left. After only a month on top, Peres assumed the role of opposition leader. After turning back a comeback bid by Rabin in 1980 Peres led his party to another, narrower, loss in the 1981 elections. In 1984, the Alignment won more seats than any other party but failed to muster the majority of 61 mandates needed to form a left-wing coalition. Alignment and Likud agreed to an unusual "rotation" arrangement in which Peres would serve as Prime Minister and the Likud leader Yitzhak Shamir would be Foreign Minister. A highlight of this time in office was a trip to Morocco to confer with King Hassan II.

After two years, Peres and Shamir traded places. In 1986 he became foreign minister. In 1988, the Alignment led by Peres suffered another narrow defeat. He agreed to renew the coalition with the Likud, this time conceding the premiership to Shamir for the entire term. In the national unity government of 1988–90, Peres served as Vice Premier and Minister of Finance. He and the Alignment finally left the government in 1990, after "the dirty trick" – a failed bid to form a narrow government based on a coalition of the Alignment, small leftist factions and ultra-orthodox parties.

From 1990, Peres led the opposition in the Knesset, until, in early 1992, he was defeated in the first primary elections of the new Israeli Labor Party (which had been formed by the consolidation of the Alignment into a single unitary party) by Yitzhak Rabin, whom he had replaced fifteen years earlier. Peres remained active in politics, however, serving as Rabin's foreign minister from 1992. Secret negotiations with Yasser Arafat's PLO organization led to the Oslo Accords, which won Peres, Rabin and Arafat the Nobel Peace Prize. After Rabin's assassination in 1995, Peres again became Prime Minister.

During his term, Peres promoted the use of the Internet in Israel and created the first website of an Israeli prime minister. However, he was narrowly defeated by Benjamin Netanyahu in the first direct elections for Prime Minister in 1996. In 1997 he did not seek re-election as Labor Party leader and was replaced by Ehud Barak. Barak rebuffed Peres's attempt to secure the position of party president and upon forming a government in 1999 appointed Peres to the minor post of Minister of Regional Co-operation. Peres played little role in the Barak government.

In 2000 Peres ran for a seven-year term as Israel's President, a ceremonial head of state position, which usually authorizes the selection of Prime Minister. Had he won, as was expected, he would have been the first ex-Prime Minister to be elected President. He lost however, to Likud candidate Moshe Katsav.

Following Ehud Barak's defeat by Ariel Sharon in the 2001 direct election for Prime Minister, Peres made yet another comeback. He led Labor into a national unity government with Sharon's Likud and secured the post of Foreign Minister. The formal leadership of the party passed to Binyamin Ben-Eliezer, and in 2002 to Haifa mayor, Amram Mitzna. Peres was much criticized on the left for clinging to his position as Foreign Minister in a government that was not seen as advancing the peace process, despite his own dovish stance. He left office only when Labor resigned in advance of the 2003 elections. After the party under the leadership of Mitzna suffered a crushing defeat, Peres again emerged as interim leader. He led the party into coalition with Sharon once more at the end of 2004 when the latter's support of "disengagement" from Gaza presented a diplomatic program Labor could support.

Peres won the chairmanship of the Labor Party in 2005, in advance of the 2006 elections. As party leader, Peres favored pushing off the elections for as long as possible. He claimed that an early election would jeopardize both the September 2005 Gaza withdrawal plan and the standing of the party in a national unity government with Sharon. However, the majority pushed for an earlier date, as younger members of the party, among them Ophir Pines-Paz and Isaac Herzog, overtook established leaders like Binyamin Ben-Eliezer and Haim Ramon, in the party ballot to divide up government portfolios. Peres continually led in the polls, defying predictions that rivals would overtake him. Peres lost the leadership election with 40% to Peretz's 42.4%.

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On 30 November 2005 Peres announced that he was leaving the Labor Party to support Ariel Sharon and his new Kadima party. In the immediate aftermath of Sharon's debilitating stroke there was speculation that Peres might take over as leader of the party but most senior Kadima leaders, however, were former members of Likud and indicated their support for Ehud Olmert as Sharon's successor.

Labor reportedly tried to woo Peres back to the fold. Peres announced, however, that he supported Olmert and would remain with ''Kadima''. Peres had previously announced his intention not to run in the March elections. Following Kadima's win in the election, Peres was given the role of Vice Prime Minister and Minister for the Development of the Negev, Galilee and Regional Economy.

Presidency

On 13 June 2007, Peres was elected President of the State of Israel by the Knesset. 58 of 120 members of the Knesset voted for him in the first round (whereas 38 voted for Reuven Rivlin, and 21 for Colette Avital). His opponents then backed Peres in the second round and 86 members of the Knesset voted in his favor, while 23 objected. He resigned from his role as a Member of the Knesset the same day, having been a member since November 1959 (except for a three month period in early 2006), the longest serving in Israeli political history. Peres was sworn in as President on 15 July 2007.

In November 2008, Peres received an honorary knighthood of the Order of St. Michael and St. George from Queen Elizabeth II in Buckingham Palace in London.

Political views

Peres was once considered a "hawk". He was a protégé of Ben-Gurion and Dayan and an early supporter of the West Bank settlers during the 1970s. However, after becoming the leader of his party his stance evolved. More recently he has been seen as a dove, and a strong supporter of peace through economic cooperation. While still opposed, like all mainstream Israeli leaders in the 1970s and early 1980s, to talks with the PLO, he distanced himself from settlers and spoke of the need for "territorial compromise" over the West Bank and Gaza. For a time he hoped that King Hussein of Jordan could be Israel's Arab negotiating partner rather than Yasser Arafat. Peres met secretly with Hussein in London in 1987 and reached a framework agreement with him, but this was rejected by Israel's then Prime Minister, Yitzhak Shamir. Shortly afterward the First Intifada erupted, and whatever plausibility King Hussein had as a potential Israeli partner in resolving the fate of the West Bank evaporated. Subsequently, Peres gradually moved closer to support for talks with the PLO, although he avoided making an outright commitment to this policy until 1993.

Peres was perhaps more closely associated with the Oslo Accords than any other Israeli politician (Rabin included) with the possible exception of his own protégé, Yossi Beilin. He has remained an adamant supporter of the Oslo Accords and the Palestinian Authority since their inception despite the First Intifada and the al-Aqsa Intifada (Second Intifada). However, Peres supported Ariel Sharon's military policy of operating the Israeli Defence Forces to thwart suicide bombings.

Peres' foreign policy outlook is markedly realist. To placate Turkey, Peres allegedly downplayed the Armenian genocide. Although Peres himself did not retract the statement, the Israeli Foreign Ministry later issued a cable to its missions which stated that the "The minister absolutely did not say, as the Turkish news agency alleged, “What the Armenians underwent was a tragedy, not a genocide"". However, according to Armenian news agencies, the statement released by the Israeli Consulate in Los Angeles did not include any mention that Peres hadn't said that the events were not genocide. In an interview with Army Radio on 8 May 2006 he remarked that "the president of Iran should remember that Iran can also be wiped off the map".

Peres is a proponent of Middle East economic integration.

Family

In May 1945, Peres married Sonya Gelman, whom he had met in the Ben Shemen Youth Village, where her father served as a carpentry teacher. The couple married after Sonya finished her military service in the British Army during World War II. Through the years Sonya chose to stay away from the media and keep her privacy and the privacy of her family, despite her husband's extensive political career. With the election of Peres for president, Sonya Peres, who had not wanted her husband to accept the position, announced that she would stay in the couple's apartment in Tel Aviv and not join her husband in Jerusalem. The couple thereafter lived separately. She died on 20 January 2011, aged 87, from heart failure at her apartment in Tel Aviv.

Shimon and Sonya Peres had three children:

A daughter, Mrs. Zvia Valdan, a linguist and professor at Beit Berl Academic College;

An elder son, Yoni, director of Village Veterinary Center, a veterinary hospital on the campus of Kfar Hayarok Agricultural School near Tel Aviv. He specializes in the treatment of guide dogs;

A younger son, Nehemia ("Chemi"), Co-founder/Managing General Partner of Pitango Venture Capital, one of Israel's largest venture capital funds. Chemi Peres is a former helicopter pilot in the IAF.

Books

Shimon Peres is the author of 11 books, including:

''The Next Step'' (1965)

''David's Sling'' (1970) (ISBN 0-297-00083-7)

''And Now Tomorrow'' (1978)

''From These Men: seven founders of the State of Israel'' (1979) (ISBN 0-671-61016-3)

''Entebbe Diary'' (1991) (ISBN 965-248-111-4)

''The New Middle East'' (1993) (ISBN 0-8050-3323-8)

''Battling for Peace: a memoir'' (1995) (ISBN 0-679-43617-0)

''For the Future of Israel'' (1998) (ISBN 0-8018-5928-X)

''The Imaginary Voyage: With Theodor Herzl in Israel'' (1999) (ISBN 1-55970-468-3)

References

See also

List of Jewish Nobel laureates

External links

Official Israeli Presidency website

Channel on YouTube

Peres Center for Peace

Biography at the Encyclopaedia Britannica

Lecture at NobelPrize.org

Biography of Shimon Peres at Zionism and Israel Information Center Biography Page

Shimon Peres biography at the Jewish Virtual Library

Column archive at ''The Guardian''

BBC – Sharon seals new Israel coalition

Peres's metaphysical propensity to lose by Matthew Wagner, published in the Jerusalem Post, 10 November 2005.

Former Labor Leader Shimon Peres Heading For Sharon's new party – recorded Report from IsraCast.

Shimon Peres speaks at the Council on Foreign Relations about the Israel/Lebanon conflict on 31 July 2006

Shimon Peres speaks at Cornell University – "A Conversation with Shimon Peres"

"Presidency rounds off 66-year career" by Amiram Barkat, Haaretz

President Peres' address to the 63rd session of the United Nations General Assembly, 24 September 2008

Honorary doctorate of Law from King's College London

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Category:1923 births Category:Living people Category:People from Valozhyn Raion Category:Belarusian Jews Category:Polish emigrants to Israel Category:Current national leaders Category:Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire Category:Israeli civil servants Category:Israeli Jews Category:Israeli Nobel laureates Category:Israeli party leaders Category:Israeli people of Belarusian origin Category:Jewish politicians Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George Category:Members of the Knesset Category:Nobel Peace Prize laureates Category:Polish Jews Category:Presidents of Israel Category:Prime Ministers of Israel Category:Mapai politicians Category:Rafi (political party) politicians Category:Israeli Labor Party politicians Category:Kadima politicians

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