- published: 26 Mar 2014
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The Cambrian (/ˈkæmbriən/ or /ˈkeɪmbriən/) is the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, lasting from 541 to 485.4 million years ago (mya) and is succeeded by the Ordovician. Its subdivisions, and indeed its base, are somewhat in flux. The period was established (as “Cambrian series”) by Adam Sedgwick, who named it after Cambria, the Latinised form of Cymru, the Welsh name for Wales, where Britain's Cambrian rocks are best exposed. The Cambrian is unique in its unusually high proportion of lagerstätte sedimentary deposits. These are sites of exceptional preservation, where "soft" parts of organisms are preserved as well as their more resistant shells. This means that our understanding of the Cambrian biology surpasses that of some later periods.
The Cambrian marked a profound change in life on Earth; prior to the Cambrian, the majority of living organisms on the whole were small, unicellular and simple; the Precambrian Charnia being exceptional. Complex, multicellular organisms gradually became more common in the millions of years immediately preceding the Cambrian, but it was not until this period that mineralized—hence readily fossilized—organisms became common. The rapid diversification of lifeforms in the Cambrian, known as the Cambrian explosion, produced the first representatives of all modern animal phyla. Phylogenetic analysis has supported the view that during the Cambrian radiation, metazoa (animals) evolved monophyletically from a single common ancestor: flagellated colonial protists similar to modern choanoflagellates.
The Cambrian explosion, or less commonly Cambrian radiation, was the relatively short evolutionary event, beginning around 542 million years ago in the Cambrian Period, during which most major animal phyla appeared, as indicated by the fossil record. Lasting for about the next 20–25 million years, it resulted in the divergence of most modern metazoan phyla. Additionally, the event was accompanied by major diversification of other organisms. Prior to the Cambrian explosion, most organisms were simple, composed of individual cells occasionally organized into colonies. Over the following 70 to 80 million years, the rate of diversification accelerated by an order of magnitude and the diversity of life began to resemble that of today. Many of the present phyla appeared during this period, with the exception of Bryozoa, which made its earliest known appearance in the Lower Ordovician.
The Cambrian explosion has generated extensive scientific debate. The seemingly rapid appearance of fossils in the “Primordial Strata” was noted as early as the 1840s, and in 1859 Charles Darwin discussed it as one of the main objections that could be made against the theory of evolution by natural selection. The long-running puzzlement about the appearance of the Cambrian fauna, seemingly abruptly and from nowhere, centers on three key points: whether there really was a mass diversification of complex organisms over a relatively short period of time during the early Cambrian; what might have caused such rapid change; and what it would imply about the origin of animal life. Interpretation is difficult due to a limited supply of evidence, based mainly on an incomplete fossil record and chemical signatures remaining in Cambrian rocks.
More than 500 million years ago in the Cambrian period there was an explosion of animal life. The top predators were from a group called the Anomalocarids, the largest animals of their day. But now, a new fossil suggests that not all the Anomalocarids were the fearsome killing machines scientists once thought. At least one, it seems, evolved into a gentle giant. Read the paper: http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v507/n7493/full/nature13010.html Cambrian animations: http://burgess-shale.rom.on.ca/
The Cambrian Explosion Mystery explores the great mystery of the history of life: The sudden appearance of most of the major complex animal types in the fossil record, without any trace of gradual transitional steps that Charles Darwin had predicted, calls the evolutionary theory into question. Frequently described as “the Cambrian Explosion,” the development of these new animal types required a massive increase in genetic information. The big question that the Cambrian Explosion poses is where does all that new information come from in a geological instant?
For most of the Earth's history, life consisted of the simplest organisms; but then something happened that would give rise to staggering diversity, and, ultimately, life as complex as that which we see today. Scientists are still struggling to figure out just what that was. Subscribe NOW to The Economist: http://econ.st/1Fsu2Vj Get more The Economist Follow us: https://twitter.com/TheEconomist Like us: https://www.facebook.com/TheEconomist View photos: https://instagram.com/theeconomist/ The Economist videos give authoritative insight and opinion on international news, politics, business, finance, science, technology and the connections between them.
Mobular (2017) http://cambriandoom.bandcamp.com/ https://www.facebook.com/Cambriandoom/?ref=page_internal https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC57EzrDDQz1Zj9RFqdr4Xqw “Relaxing Hawaiian Sludge Doom in the key of C”. A surreal and alienating combination of very slow Hawaiian lap-steel scores and elephantine sludge/doom riffs with compelling blues shades. It's as if Pink Floyd and Black Sabbath were jamming with Earth and Sleep on a Hawaiian beach at sunset. Cambrian Alassio, Italy ---------------------------------------------------- Taxi Driver Records http://taxidriverstore.bandcamp.com http://www.facebook.com/taxidriverrec... http://www.taxidriverstore.com ________________________________________ 1. Melt 02:15 2. Seaweed Shaman 02:15 3. Hooded Mantanaut 13:25 4. Mobular 20:40 5. The Lethar...
Title: 寒武纪/ Cambrian Period/ Hàn Võ Ký Cast: 周雨彤 Châu Vũ Đồng & Hầu Minh Hạo / Neo 侯明昊
The best documentary on the evolution of sea life in Australia which explores and explains the fossil record dating back to before the dinosaurs, some of the first life on Earth. For more information on the this subject, please visit: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
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Right at the beginning of the Paleozoic, there was a huge explosion of more complex life. And that’s when things started to get really interesting. This is our second installment on the history of life, but you can watch in any order you like! For A Brief History of Life Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HiFxKK2yjU Part 3: https://youtu.be/oGVFVX6NTLs Part 4: https://youtu.be/b8sYfyQrs_Q Hosted by: Hank Green ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters -- we couldn't make SciShow without them! Shout out to Kathy & Tim Philip, Kevin Bealer, Andreas Heydeck, Thomas J., Accalia Elementia, Will and Sonja Marple. James Harshaw, Justin Lentz, Chris Peters, Bader AlGhamdi, ...
The evolution of fish began about 530 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion. Early fish from the fossil record are represented by a group of small, jawless, armoured fish known as ostracoderms. Jawless fish lineages are mostly extinct. An extant clade, the lampreys may approximate ancient pre-jawed fish. The first jaws are found in Placoderm fossils. The diversity of jawed vertebrates may indicate the evolutionary advantage of a jawed mouth. It is unclear if the advantage of a hinged jaw is greater biting force, improved respiration, or a combination of factors. The evolution of fish is not studied as a single event since fish do not represent a monophyletic group but a paraphyletic one (by exclusion of the tetrapods).
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