- published: 12 Apr 2007
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The exploration of Mars is the study of Mars by spacecraft. Probes sent from Earth, beginning in the late 20th century, have yielded a dramatic increase in knowledge about the Martian system, focused primarily on understanding its geology and habitability potential.
Engineering interplanetary journeys is very complicated, so the exploration of Mars has experienced a high failure rate, especially in earlier attempts. Roughly two-thirds of all spacecraft destined for Mars failed before completing their missions, and there are some that failed before their observations could begin. However, missions have also met with unexpected levels of success, such as the twin Mars Exploration Rovers operating for years beyond their original mission specifications.
As of 24 September 2014, two scientific rovers were on the surface of Mars beaming signals back to Earth (Opportunity of the Mars Exploration Rover mission, and Curiosity of the Mars Science Laboratory mission), with five orbiters currently surveying the planet: Mars Odyssey; Mars Express; Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter; Mars Orbiter Mission; and MAVEN.
NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Mission (MER) is an ongoing robotic space mission involving two rovers, Spirit and Opportunity, exploring the planet Mars. It began in 2003 with the sending of the two rovers—MER-A Spirit and MER-B Opportunity—to explore the Martian surface and geology.
The mission's scientific objective was to search for and characterize a wide range of rocks and soils that hold clues to past water activity on Mars. The mission is part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program, which includes three previous successful landers: the two Viking program landers in 1976 and Mars Pathfinder probe in 1997.
The total cost of building, launching, landing and operating the rovers on the surface for the initial 90-sol primary mission was US$820 million. Since the rovers have continued to function beyond their initial 90 sol primary mission, they have each received five mission extensions. The fifth mission extension was granted in October 2007, and ran to the end of 2009. The total cost of the first four mission extensions was $104 million, and the fifth mission extension is expected to cost at least $20 million.
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second smallest planet in the Solar System, after Mercury. Named after the Roman god of war, it is often referred to as the "Red Planet" because the iron oxide prevalent on its surface gives it a reddish appearance. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere, having surface features reminiscent both of the impact craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps of Earth.
The rotational period and seasonal cycles of Mars are likewise similar to those of Earth, as is the tilt that produces the seasons. Mars is the site of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano and second-highest known mountain in the Solar System, and of Valles Marineris, one of the largest canyons in the Solar System. The smooth Borealis basin in the northern hemisphere covers 40% of the planet and may be a giant impact feature. Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are small and irregularly shaped. These may be captured asteroids, similar to 5261 Eureka, a Mars trojan.
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A Mars rover is an automated motor vehicle that propels itself across the surface of the planet Mars upon arrival. Rovers have several advantages over stationary landers: they examine more territory, and they can be directed to interesting features, they can place themselves in sunny positions to weather winter months, and they can advance the knowledge of how to perform very remote robotic vehicle control.
There have been four successful robotically operated Mars rovers. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory managed the Mars Pathfinder mission and its now inactive Sojourner rover. It currently manages the Mars Exploration Rover mission's active Opportunity rover and inactive Spirit, and, as part of the Mars Science Laboratory mission, the Curiosity rover.
On January 24, 2014, NASA reported that current studies on the planet Mars by the Curiosity and Opportunity rovers will now be searching for evidence of ancient life, including a biosphere based on autotrophic, chemotrophic, and/or chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms, as well as ancient water, including fluvio-lacustrine environments (plains related to ancient rivers or lakes) that may have been habitable. The search for evidence of habitability, taphonomy (related to fossils), and organic carbon on the planet Mars is now a primary NASA objective.
Maas Digital created this animation of the Mars Exploration Rover mission for Cornell University and NASA/JPL in 2003. 24fps, Sound Effects Only version.
"How To get to Mars" is a clip from the IMAX documentary "Roving Mars" from 2006. This is an edited short version. My photos: https://plus.google.com/u/0/b/105656643463219506384/+aheli DVD - Roving Mars 2006 : Spirit, Opportunity, and the Exploration of the Red Planet @ amazon.com http://www.amazon.com/Roving-Mars-Spirit-Opportunity-Exploration/dp/B003XU7W0A ★ The Largest Stars in the Universe | Infographic Animation ► https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JqAJnrL27OY ★ The Most Astounding Fact - Neil deGrasse Tyson | Kinetic ►Typography https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p2DXqJ7mjKY ★ TOP 10 - Best of Hubble Space Telescope - 2015 ► http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lmx19_0GX8o Game Of Thrones - Theme (OneCamBand Western Cover) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rln_qHoWIqg From Wiki : Spirit, M...
more at: http://scitech.quickfound.net/astro/mars_news.html "After three action-packed years on Mars, the Curiosity rover is ready to take on higher slopes of Mount Sharp." Public domain film from NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curiosity_(rover) Curiosity is a car-sized robotic rover exploring Gale Crater on Mars as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission (MSL). Curiosity was launched from Cape Canaveral on November 26, 2011, at 10:02 EST aboard the MSL spacecraft and successfully landed on Aeolis Palus in Gale Crater on Mars on August 6, 2012, 05:17 UTC. The Bradbury Landing site was less than 2.4 km (1.5 mi) from the center of the rover's touchdown target after a 563,000,000 km (350,000,000 mi) journ...
On January 3, 2004, a compact rover named Spirit, cushioned inside a pyramid of balloons, hurtled through the martian atmosphere and crash-landed on the dusty surface of Mars. Minutes later, Spirit sent its first message home. The elation of the assembled scientists, along with the much more involved engineering story leading up to the landing, were captured by NOVA producer Mark Davis in his popular documentary MARS Dead or Alive. That elation is the starting point for the sequel, "Welcome to Mars." "Welcome to Mars" follows the Mars rovers Spirit and Opportunity from the second they crash-land on the planet to many months into their ongoing mission. Davis covered the story from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory as it unfolded and provided a unique, behind-the-scenes take on this voyage of...
Having helped design the Mars rovers Spirit, Opportunity, and Curiosity, NASA engineer Kobie Boykins reveals what these robots are telling us about the existence of life on the red planet. ➡ Subscribe: http://bit.ly/NatGeoSubscribe ➡ Get More Nat Geo Live: http://bit.ly/MoreNatGeoLive About Nat Geo Live (National Geographic Live): Thought-provoking presentations by today's leading explorers, scientists, and photographers. Get More National Geographic: Official Site: http://bit.ly/NatGeoOfficialSite Facebook: http://bit.ly/FBNatGeo Twitter: http://bit.ly/NatGeoTwitter Instagram: http://bit.ly/NatGeoInsta About National Geographic: National Geographic is the world's premium destination for science, exploration, and adventure. Through their world-class scientists, photographers, journalist...
Edited raw footage compilation of the launches of the Mars Exploration Rovers, Spirit and Opportunity. Shot with HD cameras on a tracker at Kennedy Space Center. Master: DVCProHD. NASA Identifier: AVC-2003-175-1 Courtesy Video | NASA | Date: 07.21.2009 AiirSource℠ covers events and missions from the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, and Coast Guard. http://youtube.com/AiirSource Like & share this video to show your support! Subscribe to stay updated: http://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=AiirSource Comments or suggestions? Stay connected with us here: Google+ http://google.com/+AiirSource Facebook http://facebook.com/AiirSource Twitter @AiirSource http://twitter.com/AiirSource
Curiosity is a car-sized robotic rover exploring Gale Crater on Mars as part of NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission. The rover's goals include: investigation of the Martian climate and geology; assessment of whether the selected field site inside Gale Crater has ever offered environmental conditions favorable for microbial life, including investigation of the role of water; and planetary habitability studies in preparation for future human exploration
A video by JPL regarding the EDL (Entry, Descent and Landing) of the Spirit and Opportunity Rovers. Navigators slow the spacecraft down from 12,000 mph to nearly zero in just six minutes as they maneuver the spacecraft to their precise atmospheric entry points in order to reach specific landing targets on the surface of Mars. Source- http://marsrovers.jpl.nasa.gov/gallery/video/challenges.html
Ultimate Mars Challenge - New Documentary 2015 Why go back to Mars? Far from dead, Mars holds untold potential. Nearly half a century of Mars exploration . NASA Curiosity Mars Rover | Ultimate Mars Exploration Challenge | Nature Documentary Film (HD). The exploration of Mars has taken place over hundreds of . advexontube.com SPACE DOCUMENTARY HD ( WORLD BEST DOCUMENTARIES AROUND THE WORLD ) Why go back to Mars? Far from dead, Mars holds . Ultimate Mars Challenge - Universe Documentary ( HD Documentary ) 'Ultimate Mars Challenge' also features several Curiosity mosaics specially created for .