- published: 11 Dec 2009
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Overview of the Electron Transport Chain
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Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy
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KREBS CYCLE : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubzw64PQPqM&t;=181s
Beta oxidation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__jS-pjzb5k&t;=5s
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds. The molecules of the chain include peptides, enzymes (which are proteins or protein complexes), and others. The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration is molecular oxygen although a variety of acceptors other than oxygen such as sulfate exist in anaerobic respiration.
In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient.
Complex I
In Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, NADH-CoQ reductase, or NADH dehydrogenase; EC 1.6.5.3), two electrons are removed from NADH and ultimately transferred to a lipid-soluble carrier, ubiquinone (Q). The reduced product, ubiquinol (QH2), freely diffuses within the membrane, and Complex I translocates four protons (H+) across the membrane, thus producing a proton gradient. Complex I is one of the main sites at which premature electron leakage to oxygen occurs, thus being one of the main sites of production of superoxide.
The pathway of electrons is as follows:
NADH is oxidized to NAD+, by reducing Flavin mononucleotide to FMNH2 in one two-electron step. FMNH2 is then oxidized in two one-electron steps, through a semiquinone intermediate. Each electron thus transfers from the FMNH2 to an Fe-S cluster, from the Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone (Q). Transfer of the first electron results in the free-radical (semiquinone) form of Q, and transfer of the second electron reduces the semiquinone form to the ubiquinol form, QH2. During this process, four protons are translocated from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. [4] As the electrons become continuously oxidized and reduced throughout the complex an electron current is produced along the 180 Angstrom width of the complex within the membrane. This current powers the active transport of four protons to the intermembrane space per two electrons from NADH.
Complex II
In Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase or succinate-CoQ reductase; EC 1.3.5.1) additional electrons are delivered into the quinone pool (Q) originating from succinate and transferred (via flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) to Q. Complex II consists of four protein subunits: succinate dehydrogenase, (SDHA); succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial, (SDHB); succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C, (SDHC) and succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, (SDHD). Other electron donors (e.g., fatty acids and glycerol 3-phosphate) also direct electrons into Q (via FAD). Complex 2 is a parallel electron transport pathway to complex 1, but unlike complex 1, no protons are transported to the intermembrane space in this pathway. Therefore, the pathway through complex 2 contributes less energy to the overall electron transport chain process.
Complex III
In Complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex or CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase; EC 1.10.2.2), the Q-cycle contributes to the proton gradient by an asymmetric absorption/release of protons. Two electrons are removed from QH2 at the QO site and sequentially transferred to two molecules of cytochrome c, a water-soluble electron carrier located within the intermembrane space. The two other electrons sequentially pass across the protein to the Qi site where the quinone part of ubiquinone is reduced to quinol. A proton gradient is formed by one quinol (2H+2e-) oxidations at the Qo site to form one quinone (2H+2e-) at the Qi site. (in total four protons are translocated: two protons reduce quinone to quinol and two protons are released from two ubiquinol molecules).
QH2 + 2 cytochrome c (FeIII) + 2 H+in → Q + 2 cytochrome c (FeII) + 4 H+out
When electron transfer is reduced (by a high membrane potential or respiratory inhibitors such as antimycin A), Complex III may leak electrons to molecular oxygen, resulting in superoxide formation.
- published: 13 Jun 2017
- views: 9261
NDSU Virtual Cell Animations Project animation 'Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)'. For more information please see http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations
Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria and provides both animals and plants with the energy needed to power other cellular processes. This section covers the electron transport chain.
- published: 03 Mar 2008
- views: 1994585
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- published: 07 Jun 2015
- views: 70782
A musical explanation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and how it produces ATP.
LYRICS
Electron transport chain
Welcome to this story about cell energy
The goal is explaining how cells make ATP
It happens in the mitochondria which you can think of
As the cell’s energy factory
Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles,
An inner membrane and an outer one as well
The mitochondrial matrix is the fluid inside
It’s where reactions like Krebs cycle reside
Glycolysis and Krebs make NADH
and FADH2 from energy in food
These electron carriers make their way
From the matrix to the inner membrane.
And that’s where you find the electron transport chain
It’s a series of enzymes embedded in the membrane,
Which take the electron carrier’s electrons
And uses their energy for pumping protons
CHORUS
The mitochondrial electron transport chain
Uses electron energy for pumping protons
From the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space
Increasing proton concentration in that place,
The only way the protons can escape
Is through a channel and an enzyme, ATP synthase.
Which uses diffusing protons’ kinetic energy
To make ATP, from ADP and P
The chain is a series of enzymes in a row
Each accepts electrons, then lets them go
To the next carrier in this transport chain.
It’s kind of organized like a bucket brigade
What drives electrons down this enzymatic series
Is the growing level of each carrier’s electronegativity
And to oxygen electrons ultimately fall
It’s the most electronegative of them all
It’s NADH that starts this run
Donating electrons to Complex number I
This powers active transport as protons are displaced.
And get pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space
From Complex I electrons flow to
Ubiquinone, also known as “Q”
Which floats through the inner membrane happily
And brings its electrons to Complex III
And you can guess the function of Complex III .
It’s another proton pump using electron energy
Protons jam up in that intermembrane compartment
Like a hundred people in a one bedroom apartment!
CHORUS
Complex II is for FADH2
Which donates electrons, which then get passed to Q
Which once again passes them to Complex III
Which pumps protons using electron energy
From Complex III the electrons proceed
To another mobile carrier, Cytochrome C
Which donates the electrons to Complex IV
Another proton pump, could you ask for more?
After Complex IV electrons flow,
To oxygen which is ever so
Electronegative it pulls electrons down the chain,
Keeping them moving like the cars of a train.
And as O2 does this electron grabbing trick,
It also grabs protons from the matrix.
They all combine to form H2O
Electron transport chain, watch it go!
CHORUS
Now all these protons in the intermembrane space
Are trapped they can’t get out of that place
‘Cause protons are charged and could never get through
A phospholipid bilayer, they can’t diffuse
But like all particles, they’re dying to go
From where their concentration’s high to where it’s low
Stuck in the intermembrane space they're frustrated.
To diffuse to the matrix, they’re highly motivated.
And this gradient’s been made steeper by O2
Which absorbs protons from the matrix stew,
So from proton pumping, and oxygen’s actions.
Add another force, electrochemical attraction!
Think of all those trapped protons, each one’s positive.
The matrix, in comparison is negative.
Opposites attract, so the protons are dying
To get to matrix, oh how they’re trying!
There’s only one channel that let’s the protons pass,
And they use it like high school students busting out of class,
It’s a channel and an enzyme, it’s ATP synthase
The closer in this game, an energy ace
ATP synthase is embedded in the inner membrane
How it works is so cool it’s insane.
It’s got channels for diffusing protons running right through it.
When cells make ATP, well watch how they do it
The matrix side of ATP synthase has binding sites
For ADP and P which come in and bind.
And as ATP synthase lets protons barge through
Their kinetic energy gets put to use.
Like water through a turbine proton movement generates rotation.
Changing synthase’s binding site conformation.
Which catalyzes chemical bond formation.
ADP and P make ATP that energy sensation!
CHORUS
- published: 20 Aug 2014
- views: 425305
This lecture explains about the mechanism behind electron transport chain and ATP synthesis with the help of oxidative phosphorylation. Components of electron transport chain is also explained in this lecture including the protein complex i to V and ATPase. This lecture will help you to understand the chemiosmotic theory and mechanism of action of the ATPase pump to drive the proton motive force that helps in ATP synthesis in mitochondria as a result of aerobic cellular respiration.
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Thank you for watching the biochemistry lecture video on electron transport chain and ATP synthesis also known as electron transport system.
- published: 07 Feb 2017
- views: 16425
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This video will help HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN)
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- published: 08 Jan 2017
- views: 24341
http://www.handwrittentutorials.com - This tutorial is the fifth in the Cellular Respiration series. This tutorial provides an overview of Oxidative Phosphorylation, in particular the Electron Transport Chain. For more entirely FREE tutorials and the accompanying PDFs visit http://www.handwrittentutorials.com
- published: 29 Jun 2013
- views: 211655
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy part 2
Watch Part 1:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8VHyezOJD4
LIKE US ON FACEBOOK : https://fb.me/Medsimplified
GLYCOLYSIS : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qij1m7XUhk
KREBS CYCLE : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubzw64PQPqM&t;=181s
Beta oxidation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__jS-pjzb5k&t;=5s
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds. The molecules of the chain include peptides, enzymes (which are proteins or protein complexes), and others. The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration is molecular oxygen although a variety of acceptors other than oxygen such as sulfate exist in anaerobic respiration.
In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient.
Complex I
In Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, NADH-CoQ reductase, or NADH dehydrogenase; EC 1.6.5.3), two electrons are removed from NADH and ultimately transferred to a lipid-soluble carrier, ubiquinone (Q). The reduced product, ubiquinol (QH2), freely diffuses within the membrane, and Complex I translocates four protons (H+) across the membrane, thus producing a proton gradient. Complex I is one of the main sites at which premature electron leakage to oxygen occurs, thus being one of the main sites of production of superoxide.
The pathway of electrons is as follows:
NADH is oxidized to NAD+, by reducing Flavin mononucleotide to FMNH2 in one two-electron step. FMNH2 is then oxidized in two one-electron steps, through a semiquinone intermediate. Each electron thus transfers from the FMNH2 to an Fe-S cluster, from the Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone (Q). Transfer of the first electron results in the free-radical (semiquinone) form of Q, and transfer of the second electron reduces the semiquinone form to the ubiquinol form, QH2. During this process, four protons are translocated from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. [4] As the electrons become continuously oxidized and reduced throughout the complex an electron current is produced along the 180 Angstrom width of the complex within the membrane. This current powers the active transport of four protons to the intermembrane space per two electrons from NADH.
Complex II
In Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase or succinate-CoQ reductase; EC 1.3.5.1) additional electrons are delivered into the quinone pool (Q) originating from succinate and transferred (via flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) to Q. Complex II consists of four protein subunits: succinate dehydrogenase, (SDHA); succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial, (SDHB); succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C, (SDHC) and succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, (SDHD). Other electron donors (e.g., fatty acids and glycerol 3-phosphate) also direct electrons into Q (via FAD). Complex 2 is a parallel electron transport pathway to complex 1, but unlike complex 1, no protons are transported to the intermembrane space in this pathway. Therefore, the pathway through complex 2 contributes less energy to the overall electron transport chain process.
Complex III
In Complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex or CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase; EC 1.10.2.2), the Q-cycle contributes to the proton gradient by an asymmetric absorption/release of protons. Two electrons are removed from QH2 at the QO site and sequentially transferred to two molecules of cytochrome c, a water-soluble electron carrier located within the intermembrane space. The two other electrons sequentially pass across the protein to the Qi site where the quinone part of ubiquinone is reduced to quinol. A proton gradient is formed by one quinol (2H+2e-) oxidations at the Qo site to form one quinone (2H+2e-) at the Qi site. (in total four protons are translocated: two protons reduce quinone to quinol and two protons are released from two ubiquinol molecules).
QH2 + 2 cytochrome c (FeIII) + 2 H+in → Q + 2 cytochrome c (FeII) + 4 H+out
When electron transfer is reduced (by a high membrane potential or respiratory inhibitors such as antimycin A), Complex III may leak electrons to molecular oxygen, resulting in superoxide formation.
- published: 19 Jun 2017
- views: 3487
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds. The molecules of the chain include peptides, enzymes (which are proteins or protein complexes), and others. The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen.
Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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High-tensile chain
A high-tensile chain, also referred to as a transport chain, is a link chain with a high tensile strength used for drawing or securing loads. This type of chain usually consist of broad (thick/heavy) metal, oblong torus-shaped links for high strength. All the links of the chain are usually identical, and on the ends are usually two hooks of the appropriate size and strength to slide easily over one chain link but small enough not let the links slip by. When the ability to grasp the load is required, a slip hook is used.
The chain used for tire chains on tractors and some automobiles for better traction is very similar; usually consisting of the same type of link, especially so for snow chains; however, instead of being a single chain, it is more of a network of interconnected chains with no hooked ends; the size and design of the network depending on the tire it was intended for.
In summary; transport chains are high strength chains used in imprecise applications where much strength is needed yet the task served is rather straightforward.
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https://wn.com/High-tensile_chain
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Coenzyme Q – cytochrome c reductase
The coenzyme Q : cytochrome c — oxidoreductase, sometimes called the cytochrome bc1 complex, and at other times complex III, is the third complex in the electron transport chain (EC 1.10.2.2), playing a critical role in biochemical generation of ATP (oxidative phosphorylation). Complex III is a multisubunit transmembrane protein encoded by both the mitochondrial (cytochrome b) and the nuclear genomes (all other subunits). Complex III is present in the mitochondria of all animals and all aerobic eukaryotes and the inner membranes of most eubacteria. Mutations in Complex III cause exercise intolerance as well as multisystem disorders. The bc1 complex contains 11 subunits, 3 respiratory subunits (cytochrome B, cytochrome C1, Rieske protein), 2 core proteins and 6 low-molecular weight proteins.
Ubiquinol—cytochrome-c reductase catalyzes the chemical reaction
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are quinol (QH2) and ferri- (Fe3+) cytochrome c, whereas its 3 products are quinone (Q), ferro- (Fe2+) cytochrome c, and H+.
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Succinate dehydrogenase
Succinate dehydrogenase or succinate-coenzyme Q reductase (SQR) or respiratory Complex II is an enzyme complex, bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane of mammalian mitochondria and many bacterial cells. It is the only enzyme that participates in both the citric acid cycle and the electron transport chain.
In step 6 of the citric acid cycle, SQR catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate with the reduction of ubiquinone to ubiquinol. This occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane by coupling the two reactions together.
Structure
Subunits
Mammalian, mitochondrial, and many bacterial monomer SQRs are composed of four subunits: two hydrophilic and two hydrophobic. The first two subunits, a flavoprotein (SdhA) and an iron-sulfur protein (SdhB), are hydrophilic. SdhA contains a covalently attached flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactor and the succinate binding site and SdhB contains three iron-sulfur clusters: [2Fe-2S], [4Fe-4S], and [3Fe-4S]. The second two subunits are hydrophobic membrane anchor subunits, SdhC and SdhD. Human mitochondria contain two distinct isoforms of SdhA (Fp subunits type I and type II), these isoforms are also found in Ascaris suum and Caenorhabditis elegans. The subunits form a membrane-bound cytochrome b complex with six transmembrane helices containing one heme b group and a ubiquinone-binding site, which can be seen in Image 4. Two phospholipid molecules, one cardiolipin and one phosphatidylethanolamine, are also found in the SdhC and SdhD subunits (not shown in the image). They serve to occupy the hydrophobic space below the heme b. These subunits are displayed in image 3. SdhA is green, SdhB is teal, SdhC is fuchsia, and SdhD is yellow. Around SdhC and SdhD is a phospholipid membrane with the intermembrane space at the top of the image.
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Complex
Complex may refer to:
Biology
Chemistry
Mathematics
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17:16Electron Transport Chain
Electron Transport ChainElectron Transport Chain
Overview of the Electron Transport Chain More free lessons at: http://www.khanacademy.org/video?v=mfgCcFXUZRk About Khan Academy: Khan Academy is a nonprofit with a mission to provide a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. We believe learners of all ages should have unlimited access to free educational content they can master at their own pace. We use intelligent software, deep data analytics and intuitive user interfaces to help students and teachers around the world. Our resources cover preschool through early college education, including math, biology, chemistry, physics, economics, finance, history, grammar and more. We offer free personalized SAT test prep in partnership with the test developer, the College Board. Khan Academy has been translated into dozens of languages, and 100 million people use our platform worldwide every year. For more information, visit www.khanacademy.org, join us on Facebook or follow us on Twitter at @khanacademy. And remember, you can learn anything. -
8:14Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made EasyElectron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy LIKE US ON FACEBOOK : https://fb.me/Medsimplified GLYCOLYSIS : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qij1m7XUhk KREBS CYCLE : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubzw64PQPqM&t;=181s Beta oxidation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__jS-pjzb5k&t;=5s An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds. The molecules of the chain include peptides, enzymes (which are proteins or protein complexes), and others. The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration is molecular oxygen although a variety of acceptors other than oxygen such as sulfate exist in anaerobic respiration. In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Complex I In Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, NADH-CoQ reductase, or NADH dehydrogenase; EC 1.6.5.3), two electrons are removed from NADH and ultimately transferred to a lipid-soluble carrier, ubiquinone (Q). The reduced product, ubiquinol (QH2), freely diffuses within the membrane, and Complex I translocates four protons (H+) across the membrane, thus producing a proton gradient. Complex I is one of the main sites at which premature electron leakage to oxygen occurs, thus being one of the main sites of production of superoxide. The pathway of electrons is as follows: NADH is oxidized to NAD+, by reducing Flavin mononucleotide to FMNH2 in one two-electron step. FMNH2 is then oxidized in two one-electron steps, through a semiquinone intermediate. Each electron thus transfers from the FMNH2 to an Fe-S cluster, from the Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone (Q). Transfer of the first electron results in the free-radical (semiquinone) form of Q, and transfer of the second electron reduces the semiquinone form to the ubiquinol form, QH2. During this process, four protons are translocated from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. [4] As the electrons become continuously oxidized and reduced throughout the complex an electron current is produced along the 180 Angstrom width of the complex within the membrane. This current powers the active transport of four protons to the intermembrane space per two electrons from NADH. Complex II In Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase or succinate-CoQ reductase; EC 1.3.5.1) additional electrons are delivered into the quinone pool (Q) originating from succinate and transferred (via flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) to Q. Complex II consists of four protein subunits: succinate dehydrogenase, (SDHA); succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial, (SDHB); succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C, (SDHC) and succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, (SDHD). Other electron donors (e.g., fatty acids and glycerol 3-phosphate) also direct electrons into Q (via FAD). Complex 2 is a parallel electron transport pathway to complex 1, but unlike complex 1, no protons are transported to the intermembrane space in this pathway. Therefore, the pathway through complex 2 contributes less energy to the overall electron transport chain process. Complex III In Complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex or CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase; EC 1.10.2.2), the Q-cycle contributes to the proton gradient by an asymmetric absorption/release of protons. Two electrons are removed from QH2 at the QO site and sequentially transferred to two molecules of cytochrome c, a water-soluble electron carrier located within the intermembrane space. The two other electrons sequentially pass across the protein to the Qi site where the quinone part of ubiquinone is reduced to quinol. A proton gradient is formed by one quinol (2H+2e-) oxidations at the Qo site to form one quinone (2H+2e-) at the Qi site. (in total four protons are translocated: two protons reduce quinone to quinol and two protons are released from two ubiquinol molecules). QH2 + 2 cytochrome c (FeIII) + 2 H+in → Q + 2 cytochrome c (FeII) + 4 H+out When electron transfer is reduced (by a high membrane potential or respiratory inhibitors such as antimycin A), Complex III may leak electrons to molecular oxygen, resulting in superoxide formation. -
11:02PART I - Oxidative Phosphorylation, Electron Transport Chain
PART I - Oxidative Phosphorylation, Electron Transport Chain -
3:50Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)
Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)
NDSU Virtual Cell Animations Project animation 'Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)'. For more information please see http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria and provides both animals and plants with the energy needed to power other cellular processes. This section covers the electron transport chain. -
12:09Introduction to Electron Transport Chain
Introduction to Electron Transport ChainIntroduction to Electron Transport Chain
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6:01Electron Transport Chain (Music Video)
Electron Transport Chain (Music Video)Electron Transport Chain (Music Video)
A musical explanation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and how it produces ATP. LYRICS Electron transport chain Welcome to this story about cell energy The goal is explaining how cells make ATP It happens in the mitochondria which you can think of As the cell’s energy factory Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles, An inner membrane and an outer one as well The mitochondrial matrix is the fluid inside It’s where reactions like Krebs cycle reside Glycolysis and Krebs make NADH and FADH2 from energy in food These electron carriers make their way From the matrix to the inner membrane. And that’s where you find the electron transport chain It’s a series of enzymes embedded in the membrane, Which take the electron carrier’s electrons And uses their energy for pumping protons CHORUS The mitochondrial electron transport chain Uses electron energy for pumping protons From the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space Increasing proton concentration in that place, The only way the protons can escape Is through a channel and an enzyme, ATP synthase. Which uses diffusing protons’ kinetic energy To make ATP, from ADP and P The chain is a series of enzymes in a row Each accepts electrons, then lets them go To the next carrier in this transport chain. It’s kind of organized like a bucket brigade What drives electrons down this enzymatic series Is the growing level of each carrier’s electronegativity And to oxygen electrons ultimately fall It’s the most electronegative of them all It’s NADH that starts this run Donating electrons to Complex number I This powers active transport as protons are displaced. And get pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space From Complex I electrons flow to Ubiquinone, also known as “Q” Which floats through the inner membrane happily And brings its electrons to Complex III And you can guess the function of Complex III . It’s another proton pump using electron energy Protons jam up in that intermembrane compartment Like a hundred people in a one bedroom apartment! CHORUS Complex II is for FADH2 Which donates electrons, which then get passed to Q Which once again passes them to Complex III Which pumps protons using electron energy From Complex III the electrons proceed To another mobile carrier, Cytochrome C Which donates the electrons to Complex IV Another proton pump, could you ask for more? After Complex IV electrons flow, To oxygen which is ever so Electronegative it pulls electrons down the chain, Keeping them moving like the cars of a train. And as O2 does this electron grabbing trick, It also grabs protons from the matrix. They all combine to form H2O Electron transport chain, watch it go! CHORUS Now all these protons in the intermembrane space Are trapped they can’t get out of that place ‘Cause protons are charged and could never get through A phospholipid bilayer, they can’t diffuse But like all particles, they’re dying to go From where their concentration’s high to where it’s low Stuck in the intermembrane space they're frustrated. To diffuse to the matrix, they’re highly motivated. And this gradient’s been made steeper by O2 Which absorbs protons from the matrix stew, So from proton pumping, and oxygen’s actions. Add another force, electrochemical attraction! Think of all those trapped protons, each one’s positive. The matrix, in comparison is negative. Opposites attract, so the protons are dying To get to matrix, oh how they’re trying! There’s only one channel that let’s the protons pass, And they use it like high school students busting out of class, It’s a channel and an enzyme, it’s ATP synthase The closer in this game, an energy ace ATP synthase is embedded in the inner membrane How it works is so cool it’s insane. It’s got channels for diffusing protons running right through it. When cells make ATP, well watch how they do it The matrix side of ATP synthase has binding sites For ADP and P which come in and bind. And as ATP synthase lets protons barge through Their kinetic energy gets put to use. Like water through a turbine proton movement generates rotation. Changing synthase’s binding site conformation. Which catalyzes chemical bond formation. ADP and P make ATP that energy sensation! CHORUS -
14:35Electron transport chain and ATP synthesis
Electron transport chain and ATP synthesisElectron transport chain and ATP synthesis
This lecture explains about the mechanism behind electron transport chain and ATP synthesis with the help of oxidative phosphorylation. Components of electron transport chain is also explained in this lecture including the protein complex i to V and ATPase. This lecture will help you to understand the chemiosmotic theory and mechanism of action of the ATPase pump to drive the proton motive force that helps in ATP synthesis in mitochondria as a result of aerobic cellular respiration. For more information, log on to- http://www.shomusbiology.com/ Get Shomu's Biology DVD set here- http://www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store/ Download the study materials here- http://shomusbiology.com/bio-materials.html Remember Shomu’s Biology is created to spread the knowledge of life science and biology by sharing all this free biology lectures video and animation presented by Suman Bhattacharjee in YouTube. All these tutorials are brought to you for free. Please subscribe to our channel so that we can grow together. You can check for any of the following services from Shomu’s Biology- Buy Shomu’s Biology lecture DVD set- www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store Shomu’s Biology assignment services – www.shomusbiology.com/assignment -help Join Online coaching for CSIR NET exam – www.shomusbiology.com/net-coaching We are social. Find us on different sites here- Our Website – www.shomusbiology.com Facebook page- https://www.facebook.com/ShomusBiology/ Twitter - https://twitter.com/shomusbiology SlideShare- www.slideshare.net/shomusbiology Google plus- https://plus.google.com/113648584982732129198 LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/suman-bhattacharjee-2a051661 Youtube- https://www.youtube.com/user/TheFunsuman Thank you for watching the biochemistry lecture video on electron transport chain and ATP synthesis also known as electron transport system. -
9:38HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN)
HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN)HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN)
Hi friends, here I am with another video. This video will help HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN) THERE IS WATER AT THE END WHICH IS NOT SEEN IN VIDEO (SORRY FOR CUT IN VIDEO) In upcoming videos I will teach you how to study in 5 months for NEET , learn reproduction in plant and animals , nephron and other organs for exams in simple steps. ALL THE BEST for your exam. Give your opinions, feedback, in the COMMENT section below. LIKE if this has helped you and SHARE with your friends to motivate them as well. SUBSCRIBE to my channel for more videos like this and you don't miss them. P.S. sorry for the unwanted background noise and disturbances. Any Doubt regarding any topic feel free to ask in the comment box and also on personal mail. profsunilkumar.biologytutions@gmail.com -
4:39Cellular Respiration 5 - Oxidative Phosphorylation
Cellular Respiration 5 - Oxidative PhosphorylationCellular Respiration 5 - Oxidative Phosphorylation
http://www.handwrittentutorials.com - This tutorial is the fifth in the Cellular Respiration series. This tutorial provides an overview of Oxidative Phosphorylation, in particular the Electron Transport Chain. For more entirely FREE tutorials and the accompanying PDFs visit http://www.handwrittentutorials.com -
9:10Electron Transport Chain ETC Part 2
Electron Transport Chain ETC Part 2Electron Transport Chain ETC Part 2
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy part 2 Watch Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8VHyezOJD4 LIKE US ON FACEBOOK : https://fb.me/Medsimplified GLYCOLYSIS : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qij1m7XUhk KREBS CYCLE : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubzw64PQPqM&t;=181s Beta oxidation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__jS-pjzb5k&t;=5s An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds. The molecules of the chain include peptides, enzymes (which are proteins or protein complexes), and others. The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration is molecular oxygen although a variety of acceptors other than oxygen such as sulfate exist in anaerobic respiration. In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Complex I In Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, NADH-CoQ reductase, or NADH dehydrogenase; EC 1.6.5.3), two electrons are removed from NADH and ultimately transferred to a lipid-soluble carrier, ubiquinone (Q). The reduced product, ubiquinol (QH2), freely diffuses within the membrane, and Complex I translocates four protons (H+) across the membrane, thus producing a proton gradient. Complex I is one of the main sites at which premature electron leakage to oxygen occurs, thus being one of the main sites of production of superoxide. The pathway of electrons is as follows: NADH is oxidized to NAD+, by reducing Flavin mononucleotide to FMNH2 in one two-electron step. FMNH2 is then oxidized in two one-electron steps, through a semiquinone intermediate. Each electron thus transfers from the FMNH2 to an Fe-S cluster, from the Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone (Q). Transfer of the first electron results in the free-radical (semiquinone) form of Q, and transfer of the second electron reduces the semiquinone form to the ubiquinol form, QH2. During this process, four protons are translocated from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. [4] As the electrons become continuously oxidized and reduced throughout the complex an electron current is produced along the 180 Angstrom width of the complex within the membrane. This current powers the active transport of four protons to the intermembrane space per two electrons from NADH. Complex II In Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase or succinate-CoQ reductase; EC 1.3.5.1) additional electrons are delivered into the quinone pool (Q) originating from succinate and transferred (via flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) to Q. Complex II consists of four protein subunits: succinate dehydrogenase, (SDHA); succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial, (SDHB); succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C, (SDHC) and succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, (SDHD). Other electron donors (e.g., fatty acids and glycerol 3-phosphate) also direct electrons into Q (via FAD). Complex 2 is a parallel electron transport pathway to complex 1, but unlike complex 1, no protons are transported to the intermembrane space in this pathway. Therefore, the pathway through complex 2 contributes less energy to the overall electron transport chain process. Complex III In Complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex or CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase; EC 1.10.2.2), the Q-cycle contributes to the proton gradient by an asymmetric absorption/release of protons. Two electrons are removed from QH2 at the QO site and sequentially transferred to two molecules of cytochrome c, a water-soluble electron carrier located within the intermembrane space. The two other electrons sequentially pass across the protein to the Qi site where the quinone part of ubiquinone is reduced to quinol. A proton gradient is formed by one quinol (2H+2e-) oxidations at the Qo site to form one quinone (2H+2e-) at the Qi site. (in total four protons are translocated: two protons reduce quinone to quinol and two protons are released from two ubiquinol molecules). QH2 + 2 cytochrome c (FeIII) + 2 H+in → Q + 2 cytochrome c (FeII) + 4 H+out When electron transfer is reduced (by a high membrane potential or respiratory inhibitors such as antimycin A), Complex III may leak electrons to molecular oxygen, resulting in superoxide formation.
-
Electron Transport Chain
Overview of the Electron Transport Chain More free lessons at: http://www.khanacademy.org/video?v=mfgCcFXUZRk About Khan Academy: Khan Academy is a nonprofit with a mission to provide a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. We believe learners of all ages should have unlimited access to free educational content they can master at their own pace. We use intelligent software, deep data analytics and intuitive user interfaces to help students and teachers around the world. Our resources cover preschool through early college education, including math, biology, chemistry, physics, economics, finance, history, grammar and more. We offer free personalized SAT test prep in partnership with the test developer, the College Board. Khan Academy has been translated into dozens of languages...
published: 11 Dec 2009 -
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy LIKE US ON FACEBOOK : https://fb.me/Medsimplified GLYCOLYSIS : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qij1m7XUhk KREBS CYCLE : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubzw64PQPqM&t;=181s Beta oxidation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__jS-pjzb5k&t;=5s An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds. The molecules of the chain include p...
published: 13 Jun 2017 -
-
Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)
NDSU Virtual Cell Animations Project animation 'Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)'. For more information please see http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria and provides both animals and plants with the energy needed to power other cellular processes. This section covers the electron transport chain.
published: 03 Mar 2008 -
Introduction to Electron Transport Chain
Donate here: http://www.aklectures.com/donate.php Website video: http://www.aklectures.com/lecture/introduction-to-electron-transport-chain Facebook link: https://www.facebook.com/aklectures Website link: http://www.aklectures.com
published: 07 Jun 2015 -
Electron Transport Chain (Music Video)
A musical explanation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and how it produces ATP. LYRICS Electron transport chain Welcome to this story about cell energy The goal is explaining how cells make ATP It happens in the mitochondria which you can think of As the cell’s energy factory Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles, An inner membrane and an outer one as well The mitochondrial matrix is the fluid inside It’s where reactions like Krebs cycle reside Glycolysis and Krebs make NADH and FADH2 from energy in food These electron carriers make their way From the matrix to the inner membrane. And that’s where you find the electron transport chain It’s a series of enzymes embedded in the membrane, Which take the electron carrier’s electrons And uses their energy for pump...
published: 20 Aug 2014 -
Electron transport chain and ATP synthesis
This lecture explains about the mechanism behind electron transport chain and ATP synthesis with the help of oxidative phosphorylation. Components of electron transport chain is also explained in this lecture including the protein complex i to V and ATPase. This lecture will help you to understand the chemiosmotic theory and mechanism of action of the ATPase pump to drive the proton motive force that helps in ATP synthesis in mitochondria as a result of aerobic cellular respiration. For more information, log on to- http://www.shomusbiology.com/ Get Shomu's Biology DVD set here- http://www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store/ Download the study materials here- http://shomusbiology.com/bio-materials.html Remember Shomu’s Biology is created to spread the knowledge of life science and biology by sha...
published: 07 Feb 2017 -
HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN)
Hi friends, here I am with another video. This video will help HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN) THERE IS WATER AT THE END WHICH IS NOT SEEN IN VIDEO (SORRY FOR CUT IN VIDEO) In upcoming videos I will teach you how to study in 5 months for NEET , learn reproduction in plant and animals , nephron and other organs for exams in simple steps. ALL THE BEST for your exam. Give your opinions, feedback, in the COMMENT section below. LIKE if this has helped you and SHARE with your friends to motivate them as well. SUBSCRIBE to my channel for more videos like this and you don't miss them. P.S. sorry for the unwanted background noise and disturbances. Any Doubt regarding any topic feel free to ask in the comment box and also on personal mail. profsunilkumar.biologytutions@gmail.com
published: 08 Jan 2017 -
Cellular Respiration 5 - Oxidative Phosphorylation
http://www.handwrittentutorials.com - This tutorial is the fifth in the Cellular Respiration series. This tutorial provides an overview of Oxidative Phosphorylation, in particular the Electron Transport Chain. For more entirely FREE tutorials and the accompanying PDFs visit http://www.handwrittentutorials.com
published: 29 Jun 2013 -
Electron Transport Chain ETC Part 2
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy part 2 Watch Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8VHyezOJD4 LIKE US ON FACEBOOK : https://fb.me/Medsimplified GLYCOLYSIS : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qij1m7XUhk KREBS CYCLE : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubzw64PQPqM&t;=181s Beta oxidation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__jS-pjzb5k&t;=5s An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the ...
published: 19 Jun 2017
Electron Transport Chain
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:16
- Updated: 11 Dec 2009
- views: 1568717
Overview of the Electron Transport Chain
More free lessons at: http://www.khanacademy.org/video?v=mfgCcFXUZRk
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy is a nonprofit w...
Overview of the Electron Transport Chain
More free lessons at: http://www.khanacademy.org/video?v=mfgCcFXUZRk
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy is a nonprofit with a mission to provide a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. We believe learners of all ages should have unlimited access to free educational content they can master at their own pace. We use intelligent software, deep data analytics and intuitive user interfaces to help students and teachers around the world. Our resources cover preschool through early college education, including math, biology, chemistry, physics, economics, finance, history, grammar and more. We offer free personalized SAT test prep in partnership with the test developer, the College Board. Khan Academy has been translated into dozens of languages, and 100 million people use our platform worldwide every year. For more information, visit www.khanacademy.org, join us on Facebook or follow us on Twitter at @khanacademy. And remember, you can learn anything.
https://wn.com/Electron_Transport_Chain
Overview of the Electron Transport Chain
More free lessons at: http://www.khanacademy.org/video?v=mfgCcFXUZRk
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy is a nonprofit with a mission to provide a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. We believe learners of all ages should have unlimited access to free educational content they can master at their own pace. We use intelligent software, deep data analytics and intuitive user interfaces to help students and teachers around the world. Our resources cover preschool through early college education, including math, biology, chemistry, physics, economics, finance, history, grammar and more. We offer free personalized SAT test prep in partnership with the test developer, the College Board. Khan Academy has been translated into dozens of languages, and 100 million people use our platform worldwide every year. For more information, visit www.khanacademy.org, join us on Facebook or follow us on Twitter at @khanacademy. And remember, you can learn anything.
- published: 11 Dec 2009
- views: 1568717
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:14
- Updated: 13 Jun 2017
- views: 9261
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy
LIKE US ON FACEBOOK : https://fb.me/Medsimplified
GLYCOLYSIS : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qij1m7XUhk
KREBS CYCLE...
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy
LIKE US ON FACEBOOK : https://fb.me/Medsimplified
GLYCOLYSIS : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qij1m7XUhk
KREBS CYCLE : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubzw64PQPqM&t;=181s
Beta oxidation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__jS-pjzb5k&t;=5s
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds. The molecules of the chain include peptides, enzymes (which are proteins or protein complexes), and others. The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration is molecular oxygen although a variety of acceptors other than oxygen such as sulfate exist in anaerobic respiration.
In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient.
Complex I
In Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, NADH-CoQ reductase, or NADH dehydrogenase; EC 1.6.5.3), two electrons are removed from NADH and ultimately transferred to a lipid-soluble carrier, ubiquinone (Q). The reduced product, ubiquinol (QH2), freely diffuses within the membrane, and Complex I translocates four protons (H+) across the membrane, thus producing a proton gradient. Complex I is one of the main sites at which premature electron leakage to oxygen occurs, thus being one of the main sites of production of superoxide.
The pathway of electrons is as follows:
NADH is oxidized to NAD+, by reducing Flavin mononucleotide to FMNH2 in one two-electron step. FMNH2 is then oxidized in two one-electron steps, through a semiquinone intermediate. Each electron thus transfers from the FMNH2 to an Fe-S cluster, from the Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone (Q). Transfer of the first electron results in the free-radical (semiquinone) form of Q, and transfer of the second electron reduces the semiquinone form to the ubiquinol form, QH2. During this process, four protons are translocated from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. [4] As the electrons become continuously oxidized and reduced throughout the complex an electron current is produced along the 180 Angstrom width of the complex within the membrane. This current powers the active transport of four protons to the intermembrane space per two electrons from NADH.
Complex II
In Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase or succinate-CoQ reductase; EC 1.3.5.1) additional electrons are delivered into the quinone pool (Q) originating from succinate and transferred (via flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) to Q. Complex II consists of four protein subunits: succinate dehydrogenase, (SDHA); succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial, (SDHB); succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C, (SDHC) and succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, (SDHD). Other electron donors (e.g., fatty acids and glycerol 3-phosphate) also direct electrons into Q (via FAD). Complex 2 is a parallel electron transport pathway to complex 1, but unlike complex 1, no protons are transported to the intermembrane space in this pathway. Therefore, the pathway through complex 2 contributes less energy to the overall electron transport chain process.
Complex III
In Complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex or CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase; EC 1.10.2.2), the Q-cycle contributes to the proton gradient by an asymmetric absorption/release of protons. Two electrons are removed from QH2 at the QO site and sequentially transferred to two molecules of cytochrome c, a water-soluble electron carrier located within the intermembrane space. The two other electrons sequentially pass across the protein to the Qi site where the quinone part of ubiquinone is reduced to quinol. A proton gradient is formed by one quinol (2H+2e-) oxidations at the Qo site to form one quinone (2H+2e-) at the Qi site. (in total four protons are translocated: two protons reduce quinone to quinol and two protons are released from two ubiquinol molecules).
QH2 + 2 cytochrome c (FeIII) + 2 H+in → Q + 2 cytochrome c (FeII) + 4 H+out
When electron transfer is reduced (by a high membrane potential or respiratory inhibitors such as antimycin A), Complex III may leak electrons to molecular oxygen, resulting in superoxide formation.
https://wn.com/Electron_Transport_Chain_Etc_Made_Easy
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy
LIKE US ON FACEBOOK : https://fb.me/Medsimplified
GLYCOLYSIS : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qij1m7XUhk
KREBS CYCLE : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubzw64PQPqM&t;=181s
Beta oxidation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__jS-pjzb5k&t;=5s
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds. The molecules of the chain include peptides, enzymes (which are proteins or protein complexes), and others. The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration is molecular oxygen although a variety of acceptors other than oxygen such as sulfate exist in anaerobic respiration.
In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient.
Complex I
In Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, NADH-CoQ reductase, or NADH dehydrogenase; EC 1.6.5.3), two electrons are removed from NADH and ultimately transferred to a lipid-soluble carrier, ubiquinone (Q). The reduced product, ubiquinol (QH2), freely diffuses within the membrane, and Complex I translocates four protons (H+) across the membrane, thus producing a proton gradient. Complex I is one of the main sites at which premature electron leakage to oxygen occurs, thus being one of the main sites of production of superoxide.
The pathway of electrons is as follows:
NADH is oxidized to NAD+, by reducing Flavin mononucleotide to FMNH2 in one two-electron step. FMNH2 is then oxidized in two one-electron steps, through a semiquinone intermediate. Each electron thus transfers from the FMNH2 to an Fe-S cluster, from the Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone (Q). Transfer of the first electron results in the free-radical (semiquinone) form of Q, and transfer of the second electron reduces the semiquinone form to the ubiquinol form, QH2. During this process, four protons are translocated from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. [4] As the electrons become continuously oxidized and reduced throughout the complex an electron current is produced along the 180 Angstrom width of the complex within the membrane. This current powers the active transport of four protons to the intermembrane space per two electrons from NADH.
Complex II
In Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase or succinate-CoQ reductase; EC 1.3.5.1) additional electrons are delivered into the quinone pool (Q) originating from succinate and transferred (via flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) to Q. Complex II consists of four protein subunits: succinate dehydrogenase, (SDHA); succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial, (SDHB); succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C, (SDHC) and succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, (SDHD). Other electron donors (e.g., fatty acids and glycerol 3-phosphate) also direct electrons into Q (via FAD). Complex 2 is a parallel electron transport pathway to complex 1, but unlike complex 1, no protons are transported to the intermembrane space in this pathway. Therefore, the pathway through complex 2 contributes less energy to the overall electron transport chain process.
Complex III
In Complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex or CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase; EC 1.10.2.2), the Q-cycle contributes to the proton gradient by an asymmetric absorption/release of protons. Two electrons are removed from QH2 at the QO site and sequentially transferred to two molecules of cytochrome c, a water-soluble electron carrier located within the intermembrane space. The two other electrons sequentially pass across the protein to the Qi site where the quinone part of ubiquinone is reduced to quinol. A proton gradient is formed by one quinol (2H+2e-) oxidations at the Qo site to form one quinone (2H+2e-) at the Qi site. (in total four protons are translocated: two protons reduce quinone to quinol and two protons are released from two ubiquinol molecules).
QH2 + 2 cytochrome c (FeIII) + 2 H+in → Q + 2 cytochrome c (FeII) + 4 H+out
When electron transfer is reduced (by a high membrane potential or respiratory inhibitors such as antimycin A), Complex III may leak electrons to molecular oxygen, resulting in superoxide formation.
- published: 13 Jun 2017
- views: 9261
PART I - Oxidative Phosphorylation, Electron Transport Chain
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:02
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
- views: 534798
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https://wn.com/Part_I_Oxidative_Phosphorylation,_Electron_Transport_Chain
Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Updated: 03 Mar 2008
- views: 1994585
NDSU Virtual Cell Animations Project animation 'Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)'. For more information please see http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animatio...
NDSU Virtual Cell Animations Project animation 'Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)'. For more information please see http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations
Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria and provides both animals and plants with the energy needed to power other cellular processes. This section covers the electron transport chain.
https://wn.com/Cellular_Respiration_(Electron_Transport_Chain)
NDSU Virtual Cell Animations Project animation 'Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)'. For more information please see http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations
Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria and provides both animals and plants with the energy needed to power other cellular processes. This section covers the electron transport chain.
- published: 03 Mar 2008
- views: 1994585
Introduction to Electron Transport Chain
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:09
- Updated: 07 Jun 2015
- views: 70782
Donate here: http://www.aklectures.com/donate.php
Website video: http://www.aklectures.com/lecture/introduction-to-electron-transport-chain
Facebook link: https...
Donate here: http://www.aklectures.com/donate.php
Website video: http://www.aklectures.com/lecture/introduction-to-electron-transport-chain
Facebook link: https://www.facebook.com/aklectures
Website link: http://www.aklectures.com
https://wn.com/Introduction_To_Electron_Transport_Chain
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- published: 07 Jun 2015
- views: 70782
Electron Transport Chain (Music Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:01
- Updated: 20 Aug 2014
- views: 425305
A musical explanation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and how it produces ATP.
LYRICS
Electron transport chain
Welcome to this story about ce...
A musical explanation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and how it produces ATP.
LYRICS
Electron transport chain
Welcome to this story about cell energy
The goal is explaining how cells make ATP
It happens in the mitochondria which you can think of
As the cell’s energy factory
Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles,
An inner membrane and an outer one as well
The mitochondrial matrix is the fluid inside
It’s where reactions like Krebs cycle reside
Glycolysis and Krebs make NADH
and FADH2 from energy in food
These electron carriers make their way
From the matrix to the inner membrane.
And that’s where you find the electron transport chain
It’s a series of enzymes embedded in the membrane,
Which take the electron carrier’s electrons
And uses their energy for pumping protons
CHORUS
The mitochondrial electron transport chain
Uses electron energy for pumping protons
From the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space
Increasing proton concentration in that place,
The only way the protons can escape
Is through a channel and an enzyme, ATP synthase.
Which uses diffusing protons’ kinetic energy
To make ATP, from ADP and P
The chain is a series of enzymes in a row
Each accepts electrons, then lets them go
To the next carrier in this transport chain.
It’s kind of organized like a bucket brigade
What drives electrons down this enzymatic series
Is the growing level of each carrier’s electronegativity
And to oxygen electrons ultimately fall
It’s the most electronegative of them all
It’s NADH that starts this run
Donating electrons to Complex number I
This powers active transport as protons are displaced.
And get pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space
From Complex I electrons flow to
Ubiquinone, also known as “Q”
Which floats through the inner membrane happily
And brings its electrons to Complex III
And you can guess the function of Complex III .
It’s another proton pump using electron energy
Protons jam up in that intermembrane compartment
Like a hundred people in a one bedroom apartment!
CHORUS
Complex II is for FADH2
Which donates electrons, which then get passed to Q
Which once again passes them to Complex III
Which pumps protons using electron energy
From Complex III the electrons proceed
To another mobile carrier, Cytochrome C
Which donates the electrons to Complex IV
Another proton pump, could you ask for more?
After Complex IV electrons flow,
To oxygen which is ever so
Electronegative it pulls electrons down the chain,
Keeping them moving like the cars of a train.
And as O2 does this electron grabbing trick,
It also grabs protons from the matrix.
They all combine to form H2O
Electron transport chain, watch it go!
CHORUS
Now all these protons in the intermembrane space
Are trapped they can’t get out of that place
‘Cause protons are charged and could never get through
A phospholipid bilayer, they can’t diffuse
But like all particles, they’re dying to go
From where their concentration’s high to where it’s low
Stuck in the intermembrane space they're frustrated.
To diffuse to the matrix, they’re highly motivated.
And this gradient’s been made steeper by O2
Which absorbs protons from the matrix stew,
So from proton pumping, and oxygen’s actions.
Add another force, electrochemical attraction!
Think of all those trapped protons, each one’s positive.
The matrix, in comparison is negative.
Opposites attract, so the protons are dying
To get to matrix, oh how they’re trying!
There’s only one channel that let’s the protons pass,
And they use it like high school students busting out of class,
It’s a channel and an enzyme, it’s ATP synthase
The closer in this game, an energy ace
ATP synthase is embedded in the inner membrane
How it works is so cool it’s insane.
It’s got channels for diffusing protons running right through it.
When cells make ATP, well watch how they do it
The matrix side of ATP synthase has binding sites
For ADP and P which come in and bind.
And as ATP synthase lets protons barge through
Their kinetic energy gets put to use.
Like water through a turbine proton movement generates rotation.
Changing synthase’s binding site conformation.
Which catalyzes chemical bond formation.
ADP and P make ATP that energy sensation!
CHORUS
https://wn.com/Electron_Transport_Chain_(Music_Video)
A musical explanation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and how it produces ATP.
LYRICS
Electron transport chain
Welcome to this story about cell energy
The goal is explaining how cells make ATP
It happens in the mitochondria which you can think of
As the cell’s energy factory
Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles,
An inner membrane and an outer one as well
The mitochondrial matrix is the fluid inside
It’s where reactions like Krebs cycle reside
Glycolysis and Krebs make NADH
and FADH2 from energy in food
These electron carriers make their way
From the matrix to the inner membrane.
And that’s where you find the electron transport chain
It’s a series of enzymes embedded in the membrane,
Which take the electron carrier’s electrons
And uses their energy for pumping protons
CHORUS
The mitochondrial electron transport chain
Uses electron energy for pumping protons
From the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space
Increasing proton concentration in that place,
The only way the protons can escape
Is through a channel and an enzyme, ATP synthase.
Which uses diffusing protons’ kinetic energy
To make ATP, from ADP and P
The chain is a series of enzymes in a row
Each accepts electrons, then lets them go
To the next carrier in this transport chain.
It’s kind of organized like a bucket brigade
What drives electrons down this enzymatic series
Is the growing level of each carrier’s electronegativity
And to oxygen electrons ultimately fall
It’s the most electronegative of them all
It’s NADH that starts this run
Donating electrons to Complex number I
This powers active transport as protons are displaced.
And get pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space
From Complex I electrons flow to
Ubiquinone, also known as “Q”
Which floats through the inner membrane happily
And brings its electrons to Complex III
And you can guess the function of Complex III .
It’s another proton pump using electron energy
Protons jam up in that intermembrane compartment
Like a hundred people in a one bedroom apartment!
CHORUS
Complex II is for FADH2
Which donates electrons, which then get passed to Q
Which once again passes them to Complex III
Which pumps protons using electron energy
From Complex III the electrons proceed
To another mobile carrier, Cytochrome C
Which donates the electrons to Complex IV
Another proton pump, could you ask for more?
After Complex IV electrons flow,
To oxygen which is ever so
Electronegative it pulls electrons down the chain,
Keeping them moving like the cars of a train.
And as O2 does this electron grabbing trick,
It also grabs protons from the matrix.
They all combine to form H2O
Electron transport chain, watch it go!
CHORUS
Now all these protons in the intermembrane space
Are trapped they can’t get out of that place
‘Cause protons are charged and could never get through
A phospholipid bilayer, they can’t diffuse
But like all particles, they’re dying to go
From where their concentration’s high to where it’s low
Stuck in the intermembrane space they're frustrated.
To diffuse to the matrix, they’re highly motivated.
And this gradient’s been made steeper by O2
Which absorbs protons from the matrix stew,
So from proton pumping, and oxygen’s actions.
Add another force, electrochemical attraction!
Think of all those trapped protons, each one’s positive.
The matrix, in comparison is negative.
Opposites attract, so the protons are dying
To get to matrix, oh how they’re trying!
There’s only one channel that let’s the protons pass,
And they use it like high school students busting out of class,
It’s a channel and an enzyme, it’s ATP synthase
The closer in this game, an energy ace
ATP synthase is embedded in the inner membrane
How it works is so cool it’s insane.
It’s got channels for diffusing protons running right through it.
When cells make ATP, well watch how they do it
The matrix side of ATP synthase has binding sites
For ADP and P which come in and bind.
And as ATP synthase lets protons barge through
Their kinetic energy gets put to use.
Like water through a turbine proton movement generates rotation.
Changing synthase’s binding site conformation.
Which catalyzes chemical bond formation.
ADP and P make ATP that energy sensation!
CHORUS
- published: 20 Aug 2014
- views: 425305
Electron transport chain and ATP synthesis
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:35
- Updated: 07 Feb 2017
- views: 16425
This lecture explains about the mechanism behind electron transport chain and ATP synthesis with the help of oxidative phosphorylation. Components of electron t...
This lecture explains about the mechanism behind electron transport chain and ATP synthesis with the help of oxidative phosphorylation. Components of electron transport chain is also explained in this lecture including the protein complex i to V and ATPase. This lecture will help you to understand the chemiosmotic theory and mechanism of action of the ATPase pump to drive the proton motive force that helps in ATP synthesis in mitochondria as a result of aerobic cellular respiration.
For more information, log on to-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/
Get Shomu's Biology DVD set here-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store/
Download the study materials here-
http://shomusbiology.com/bio-materials.html
Remember Shomu’s Biology is created to spread the knowledge of life science and biology by sharing all this free biology lectures video and animation presented by Suman Bhattacharjee in YouTube. All these tutorials are brought to you for free. Please subscribe to our channel so that we can grow together. You can check for any of the following services from Shomu’s Biology-
Buy Shomu’s Biology lecture DVD set- www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store
Shomu’s Biology assignment services – www.shomusbiology.com/assignment -help
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Thank you for watching the biochemistry lecture video on electron transport chain and ATP synthesis also known as electron transport system.
https://wn.com/Electron_Transport_Chain_And_Atp_Synthesis
This lecture explains about the mechanism behind electron transport chain and ATP synthesis with the help of oxidative phosphorylation. Components of electron transport chain is also explained in this lecture including the protein complex i to V and ATPase. This lecture will help you to understand the chemiosmotic theory and mechanism of action of the ATPase pump to drive the proton motive force that helps in ATP synthesis in mitochondria as a result of aerobic cellular respiration.
For more information, log on to-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/
Get Shomu's Biology DVD set here-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store/
Download the study materials here-
http://shomusbiology.com/bio-materials.html
Remember Shomu’s Biology is created to spread the knowledge of life science and biology by sharing all this free biology lectures video and animation presented by Suman Bhattacharjee in YouTube. All these tutorials are brought to you for free. Please subscribe to our channel so that we can grow together. You can check for any of the following services from Shomu’s Biology-
Buy Shomu’s Biology lecture DVD set- www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store
Shomu’s Biology assignment services – www.shomusbiology.com/assignment -help
Join Online coaching for CSIR NET exam – www.shomusbiology.com/net-coaching
We are social. Find us on different sites here-
Our Website – www.shomusbiology.com
Facebook page- https://www.facebook.com/ShomusBiology/
Twitter - https://twitter.com/shomusbiology
SlideShare- www.slideshare.net/shomusbiology
Google plus- https://plus.google.com/113648584982732129198
LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/suman-bhattacharjee-2a051661
Youtube- https://www.youtube.com/user/TheFunsuman
Thank you for watching the biochemistry lecture video on electron transport chain and ATP synthesis also known as electron transport system.
- published: 07 Feb 2017
- views: 16425
HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:38
- Updated: 08 Jan 2017
- views: 24341
Hi friends, here I am with another video.
This video will help HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN)
THERE IS WATER AT THE END WHICH IS NOT SEEN IN VIDEO...
Hi friends, here I am with another video.
This video will help HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN)
THERE IS WATER AT THE END WHICH IS NOT SEEN IN VIDEO (SORRY FOR CUT IN VIDEO)
In upcoming videos I will teach you how to study in 5 months for NEET , learn reproduction in plant and animals , nephron and other organs for exams in simple steps.
ALL THE BEST for your exam.
Give your opinions, feedback, in the COMMENT section below.
LIKE if this has helped you and SHARE with your friends to motivate them as well.
SUBSCRIBE to my channel for more videos like this and you don't miss them.
P.S. sorry for the unwanted background noise and disturbances.
Any Doubt regarding any topic feel free to ask in the comment box and also on personal mail.
profsunilkumar.biologytutions@gmail.com
https://wn.com/How_To_Learn_Ets_(Electron_Transport_Chain)
Hi friends, here I am with another video.
This video will help HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN)
THERE IS WATER AT THE END WHICH IS NOT SEEN IN VIDEO (SORRY FOR CUT IN VIDEO)
In upcoming videos I will teach you how to study in 5 months for NEET , learn reproduction in plant and animals , nephron and other organs for exams in simple steps.
ALL THE BEST for your exam.
Give your opinions, feedback, in the COMMENT section below.
LIKE if this has helped you and SHARE with your friends to motivate them as well.
SUBSCRIBE to my channel for more videos like this and you don't miss them.
P.S. sorry for the unwanted background noise and disturbances.
Any Doubt regarding any topic feel free to ask in the comment box and also on personal mail.
profsunilkumar.biologytutions@gmail.com
- published: 08 Jan 2017
- views: 24341
Cellular Respiration 5 - Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:39
- Updated: 29 Jun 2013
- views: 211655
http://www.handwrittentutorials.com - This tutorial is the fifth in the Cellular Respiration series. This tutorial provides an overview of Oxidative Phosphoryla...
http://www.handwrittentutorials.com - This tutorial is the fifth in the Cellular Respiration series. This tutorial provides an overview of Oxidative Phosphorylation, in particular the Electron Transport Chain. For more entirely FREE tutorials and the accompanying PDFs visit http://www.handwrittentutorials.com
https://wn.com/Cellular_Respiration_5_Oxidative_Phosphorylation
http://www.handwrittentutorials.com - This tutorial is the fifth in the Cellular Respiration series. This tutorial provides an overview of Oxidative Phosphorylation, in particular the Electron Transport Chain. For more entirely FREE tutorials and the accompanying PDFs visit http://www.handwrittentutorials.com
- published: 29 Jun 2013
- views: 211655
Electron Transport Chain ETC Part 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:10
- Updated: 19 Jun 2017
- views: 3487
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy part 2
Watch Part 1:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8VHyezOJD4
LIKE US ON FACEBOOK : https://fb.me/Medsimplified
GL...
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy part 2
Watch Part 1:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8VHyezOJD4
LIKE US ON FACEBOOK : https://fb.me/Medsimplified
GLYCOLYSIS : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qij1m7XUhk
KREBS CYCLE : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubzw64PQPqM&t;=181s
Beta oxidation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__jS-pjzb5k&t;=5s
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds. The molecules of the chain include peptides, enzymes (which are proteins or protein complexes), and others. The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration is molecular oxygen although a variety of acceptors other than oxygen such as sulfate exist in anaerobic respiration.
In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient.
Complex I
In Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, NADH-CoQ reductase, or NADH dehydrogenase; EC 1.6.5.3), two electrons are removed from NADH and ultimately transferred to a lipid-soluble carrier, ubiquinone (Q). The reduced product, ubiquinol (QH2), freely diffuses within the membrane, and Complex I translocates four protons (H+) across the membrane, thus producing a proton gradient. Complex I is one of the main sites at which premature electron leakage to oxygen occurs, thus being one of the main sites of production of superoxide.
The pathway of electrons is as follows:
NADH is oxidized to NAD+, by reducing Flavin mononucleotide to FMNH2 in one two-electron step. FMNH2 is then oxidized in two one-electron steps, through a semiquinone intermediate. Each electron thus transfers from the FMNH2 to an Fe-S cluster, from the Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone (Q). Transfer of the first electron results in the free-radical (semiquinone) form of Q, and transfer of the second electron reduces the semiquinone form to the ubiquinol form, QH2. During this process, four protons are translocated from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. [4] As the electrons become continuously oxidized and reduced throughout the complex an electron current is produced along the 180 Angstrom width of the complex within the membrane. This current powers the active transport of four protons to the intermembrane space per two electrons from NADH.
Complex II
In Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase or succinate-CoQ reductase; EC 1.3.5.1) additional electrons are delivered into the quinone pool (Q) originating from succinate and transferred (via flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) to Q. Complex II consists of four protein subunits: succinate dehydrogenase, (SDHA); succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial, (SDHB); succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C, (SDHC) and succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, (SDHD). Other electron donors (e.g., fatty acids and glycerol 3-phosphate) also direct electrons into Q (via FAD). Complex 2 is a parallel electron transport pathway to complex 1, but unlike complex 1, no protons are transported to the intermembrane space in this pathway. Therefore, the pathway through complex 2 contributes less energy to the overall electron transport chain process.
Complex III
In Complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex or CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase; EC 1.10.2.2), the Q-cycle contributes to the proton gradient by an asymmetric absorption/release of protons. Two electrons are removed from QH2 at the QO site and sequentially transferred to two molecules of cytochrome c, a water-soluble electron carrier located within the intermembrane space. The two other electrons sequentially pass across the protein to the Qi site where the quinone part of ubiquinone is reduced to quinol. A proton gradient is formed by one quinol (2H+2e-) oxidations at the Qo site to form one quinone (2H+2e-) at the Qi site. (in total four protons are translocated: two protons reduce quinone to quinol and two protons are released from two ubiquinol molecules).
QH2 + 2 cytochrome c (FeIII) + 2 H+in → Q + 2 cytochrome c (FeII) + 4 H+out
When electron transfer is reduced (by a high membrane potential or respiratory inhibitors such as antimycin A), Complex III may leak electrons to molecular oxygen, resulting in superoxide formation.
https://wn.com/Electron_Transport_Chain_Etc_Part_2
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy part 2
Watch Part 1:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8VHyezOJD4
LIKE US ON FACEBOOK : https://fb.me/Medsimplified
GLYCOLYSIS : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qij1m7XUhk
KREBS CYCLE : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubzw64PQPqM&t;=181s
Beta oxidation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__jS-pjzb5k&t;=5s
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds. The molecules of the chain include peptides, enzymes (which are proteins or protein complexes), and others. The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration is molecular oxygen although a variety of acceptors other than oxygen such as sulfate exist in anaerobic respiration.
In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient.
Complex I
In Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, NADH-CoQ reductase, or NADH dehydrogenase; EC 1.6.5.3), two electrons are removed from NADH and ultimately transferred to a lipid-soluble carrier, ubiquinone (Q). The reduced product, ubiquinol (QH2), freely diffuses within the membrane, and Complex I translocates four protons (H+) across the membrane, thus producing a proton gradient. Complex I is one of the main sites at which premature electron leakage to oxygen occurs, thus being one of the main sites of production of superoxide.
The pathway of electrons is as follows:
NADH is oxidized to NAD+, by reducing Flavin mononucleotide to FMNH2 in one two-electron step. FMNH2 is then oxidized in two one-electron steps, through a semiquinone intermediate. Each electron thus transfers from the FMNH2 to an Fe-S cluster, from the Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone (Q). Transfer of the first electron results in the free-radical (semiquinone) form of Q, and transfer of the second electron reduces the semiquinone form to the ubiquinol form, QH2. During this process, four protons are translocated from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. [4] As the electrons become continuously oxidized and reduced throughout the complex an electron current is produced along the 180 Angstrom width of the complex within the membrane. This current powers the active transport of four protons to the intermembrane space per two electrons from NADH.
Complex II
In Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase or succinate-CoQ reductase; EC 1.3.5.1) additional electrons are delivered into the quinone pool (Q) originating from succinate and transferred (via flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) to Q. Complex II consists of four protein subunits: succinate dehydrogenase, (SDHA); succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial, (SDHB); succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C, (SDHC) and succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, (SDHD). Other electron donors (e.g., fatty acids and glycerol 3-phosphate) also direct electrons into Q (via FAD). Complex 2 is a parallel electron transport pathway to complex 1, but unlike complex 1, no protons are transported to the intermembrane space in this pathway. Therefore, the pathway through complex 2 contributes less energy to the overall electron transport chain process.
Complex III
In Complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex or CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase; EC 1.10.2.2), the Q-cycle contributes to the proton gradient by an asymmetric absorption/release of protons. Two electrons are removed from QH2 at the QO site and sequentially transferred to two molecules of cytochrome c, a water-soluble electron carrier located within the intermembrane space. The two other electrons sequentially pass across the protein to the Qi site where the quinone part of ubiquinone is reduced to quinol. A proton gradient is formed by one quinol (2H+2e-) oxidations at the Qo site to form one quinone (2H+2e-) at the Qi site. (in total four protons are translocated: two protons reduce quinone to quinol and two protons are released from two ubiquinol molecules).
QH2 + 2 cytochrome c (FeIII) + 2 H+in → Q + 2 cytochrome c (FeII) + 4 H+out
When electron transfer is reduced (by a high membrane potential or respiratory inhibitors such as antimycin A), Complex III may leak electrons to molecular oxygen, resulting in superoxide formation.
- published: 19 Jun 2017
- views: 3487
-
Electron Transport Chain
Overview of the Electron Transport Chain More free lessons at: http://www.khanacademy.org/video?v=mfgCcFXUZRk About Khan Academy: Khan Academy is a nonprofit with a mission to provide a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. We believe learners of all ages should have unlimited access to free educational content they can master at their own pace. We use intelligent software, deep data analytics and intuitive user interfaces to help students and teachers around the world. Our resources cover preschool through early college education, including math, biology, chemistry, physics, economics, finance, history, grammar and more. We offer free personalized SAT test prep in partnership with the test developer, the College Board. Khan Academy has been translated into dozens of languages...
published: 11 Dec 2009 -
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy LIKE US ON FACEBOOK : https://fb.me/Medsimplified GLYCOLYSIS : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qij1m7XUhk KREBS CYCLE : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubzw64PQPqM&t;=181s Beta oxidation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__jS-pjzb5k&t;=5s An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds. The molecules of the chain include p...
published: 13 Jun 2017 -
-
Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)
NDSU Virtual Cell Animations Project animation 'Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)'. For more information please see http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria and provides both animals and plants with the energy needed to power other cellular processes. This section covers the electron transport chain.
published: 03 Mar 2008 -
Introduction to Electron Transport Chain
Donate here: http://www.aklectures.com/donate.php Website video: http://www.aklectures.com/lecture/introduction-to-electron-transport-chain Facebook link: https://www.facebook.com/aklectures Website link: http://www.aklectures.com
published: 07 Jun 2015 -
Electron Transport Chain (Music Video)
A musical explanation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and how it produces ATP. LYRICS Electron transport chain Welcome to this story about cell energy The goal is explaining how cells make ATP It happens in the mitochondria which you can think of As the cell’s energy factory Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles, An inner membrane and an outer one as well The mitochondrial matrix is the fluid inside It’s where reactions like Krebs cycle reside Glycolysis and Krebs make NADH and FADH2 from energy in food These electron carriers make their way From the matrix to the inner membrane. And that’s where you find the electron transport chain It’s a series of enzymes embedded in the membrane, Which take the electron carrier’s electrons And uses their energy for pump...
published: 20 Aug 2014 -
Electron transport chain and ATP synthesis
This lecture explains about the mechanism behind electron transport chain and ATP synthesis with the help of oxidative phosphorylation. Components of electron transport chain is also explained in this lecture including the protein complex i to V and ATPase. This lecture will help you to understand the chemiosmotic theory and mechanism of action of the ATPase pump to drive the proton motive force that helps in ATP synthesis in mitochondria as a result of aerobic cellular respiration. For more information, log on to- http://www.shomusbiology.com/ Get Shomu's Biology DVD set here- http://www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store/ Download the study materials here- http://shomusbiology.com/bio-materials.html Remember Shomu’s Biology is created to spread the knowledge of life science and biology by sha...
published: 07 Feb 2017 -
HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN)
Hi friends, here I am with another video. This video will help HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN) THERE IS WATER AT THE END WHICH IS NOT SEEN IN VIDEO (SORRY FOR CUT IN VIDEO) In upcoming videos I will teach you how to study in 5 months for NEET , learn reproduction in plant and animals , nephron and other organs for exams in simple steps. ALL THE BEST for your exam. Give your opinions, feedback, in the COMMENT section below. LIKE if this has helped you and SHARE with your friends to motivate them as well. SUBSCRIBE to my channel for more videos like this and you don't miss them. P.S. sorry for the unwanted background noise and disturbances. Any Doubt regarding any topic feel free to ask in the comment box and also on personal mail. profsunilkumar.biologytutions@gmail.com
published: 08 Jan 2017 -
Cellular Respiration 5 - Oxidative Phosphorylation
http://www.handwrittentutorials.com - This tutorial is the fifth in the Cellular Respiration series. This tutorial provides an overview of Oxidative Phosphorylation, in particular the Electron Transport Chain. For more entirely FREE tutorials and the accompanying PDFs visit http://www.handwrittentutorials.com
published: 29 Jun 2013 -
Electron Transport Chain ETC Part 2
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy part 2 Watch Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8VHyezOJD4 LIKE US ON FACEBOOK : https://fb.me/Medsimplified GLYCOLYSIS : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qij1m7XUhk KREBS CYCLE : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubzw64PQPqM&t;=181s Beta oxidation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__jS-pjzb5k&t;=5s An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the ...
published: 19 Jun 2017
Electron Transport Chain
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:16
- Updated: 11 Dec 2009
- views: 1568717
Overview of the Electron Transport Chain
More free lessons at: http://www.khanacademy.org/video?v=mfgCcFXUZRk
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy is a nonprofit w...
Overview of the Electron Transport Chain
More free lessons at: http://www.khanacademy.org/video?v=mfgCcFXUZRk
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy is a nonprofit with a mission to provide a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. We believe learners of all ages should have unlimited access to free educational content they can master at their own pace. We use intelligent software, deep data analytics and intuitive user interfaces to help students and teachers around the world. Our resources cover preschool through early college education, including math, biology, chemistry, physics, economics, finance, history, grammar and more. We offer free personalized SAT test prep in partnership with the test developer, the College Board. Khan Academy has been translated into dozens of languages, and 100 million people use our platform worldwide every year. For more information, visit www.khanacademy.org, join us on Facebook or follow us on Twitter at @khanacademy. And remember, you can learn anything.
https://wn.com/Electron_Transport_Chain
Overview of the Electron Transport Chain
More free lessons at: http://www.khanacademy.org/video?v=mfgCcFXUZRk
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy is a nonprofit with a mission to provide a free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere. We believe learners of all ages should have unlimited access to free educational content they can master at their own pace. We use intelligent software, deep data analytics and intuitive user interfaces to help students and teachers around the world. Our resources cover preschool through early college education, including math, biology, chemistry, physics, economics, finance, history, grammar and more. We offer free personalized SAT test prep in partnership with the test developer, the College Board. Khan Academy has been translated into dozens of languages, and 100 million people use our platform worldwide every year. For more information, visit www.khanacademy.org, join us on Facebook or follow us on Twitter at @khanacademy. And remember, you can learn anything.
- published: 11 Dec 2009
- views: 1568717
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:14
- Updated: 13 Jun 2017
- views: 9261
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy
LIKE US ON FACEBOOK : https://fb.me/Medsimplified
GLYCOLYSIS : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qij1m7XUhk
KREBS CYCLE...
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy
LIKE US ON FACEBOOK : https://fb.me/Medsimplified
GLYCOLYSIS : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qij1m7XUhk
KREBS CYCLE : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubzw64PQPqM&t;=181s
Beta oxidation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__jS-pjzb5k&t;=5s
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds. The molecules of the chain include peptides, enzymes (which are proteins or protein complexes), and others. The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration is molecular oxygen although a variety of acceptors other than oxygen such as sulfate exist in anaerobic respiration.
In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient.
Complex I
In Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, NADH-CoQ reductase, or NADH dehydrogenase; EC 1.6.5.3), two electrons are removed from NADH and ultimately transferred to a lipid-soluble carrier, ubiquinone (Q). The reduced product, ubiquinol (QH2), freely diffuses within the membrane, and Complex I translocates four protons (H+) across the membrane, thus producing a proton gradient. Complex I is one of the main sites at which premature electron leakage to oxygen occurs, thus being one of the main sites of production of superoxide.
The pathway of electrons is as follows:
NADH is oxidized to NAD+, by reducing Flavin mononucleotide to FMNH2 in one two-electron step. FMNH2 is then oxidized in two one-electron steps, through a semiquinone intermediate. Each electron thus transfers from the FMNH2 to an Fe-S cluster, from the Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone (Q). Transfer of the first electron results in the free-radical (semiquinone) form of Q, and transfer of the second electron reduces the semiquinone form to the ubiquinol form, QH2. During this process, four protons are translocated from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. [4] As the electrons become continuously oxidized and reduced throughout the complex an electron current is produced along the 180 Angstrom width of the complex within the membrane. This current powers the active transport of four protons to the intermembrane space per two electrons from NADH.
Complex II
In Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase or succinate-CoQ reductase; EC 1.3.5.1) additional electrons are delivered into the quinone pool (Q) originating from succinate and transferred (via flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) to Q. Complex II consists of four protein subunits: succinate dehydrogenase, (SDHA); succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial, (SDHB); succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C, (SDHC) and succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, (SDHD). Other electron donors (e.g., fatty acids and glycerol 3-phosphate) also direct electrons into Q (via FAD). Complex 2 is a parallel electron transport pathway to complex 1, but unlike complex 1, no protons are transported to the intermembrane space in this pathway. Therefore, the pathway through complex 2 contributes less energy to the overall electron transport chain process.
Complex III
In Complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex or CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase; EC 1.10.2.2), the Q-cycle contributes to the proton gradient by an asymmetric absorption/release of protons. Two electrons are removed from QH2 at the QO site and sequentially transferred to two molecules of cytochrome c, a water-soluble electron carrier located within the intermembrane space. The two other electrons sequentially pass across the protein to the Qi site where the quinone part of ubiquinone is reduced to quinol. A proton gradient is formed by one quinol (2H+2e-) oxidations at the Qo site to form one quinone (2H+2e-) at the Qi site. (in total four protons are translocated: two protons reduce quinone to quinol and two protons are released from two ubiquinol molecules).
QH2 + 2 cytochrome c (FeIII) + 2 H+in → Q + 2 cytochrome c (FeII) + 4 H+out
When electron transfer is reduced (by a high membrane potential or respiratory inhibitors such as antimycin A), Complex III may leak electrons to molecular oxygen, resulting in superoxide formation.
https://wn.com/Electron_Transport_Chain_Etc_Made_Easy
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy
LIKE US ON FACEBOOK : https://fb.me/Medsimplified
GLYCOLYSIS : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qij1m7XUhk
KREBS CYCLE : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubzw64PQPqM&t;=181s
Beta oxidation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__jS-pjzb5k&t;=5s
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds. The molecules of the chain include peptides, enzymes (which are proteins or protein complexes), and others. The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration is molecular oxygen although a variety of acceptors other than oxygen such as sulfate exist in anaerobic respiration.
In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient.
Complex I
In Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, NADH-CoQ reductase, or NADH dehydrogenase; EC 1.6.5.3), two electrons are removed from NADH and ultimately transferred to a lipid-soluble carrier, ubiquinone (Q). The reduced product, ubiquinol (QH2), freely diffuses within the membrane, and Complex I translocates four protons (H+) across the membrane, thus producing a proton gradient. Complex I is one of the main sites at which premature electron leakage to oxygen occurs, thus being one of the main sites of production of superoxide.
The pathway of electrons is as follows:
NADH is oxidized to NAD+, by reducing Flavin mononucleotide to FMNH2 in one two-electron step. FMNH2 is then oxidized in two one-electron steps, through a semiquinone intermediate. Each electron thus transfers from the FMNH2 to an Fe-S cluster, from the Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone (Q). Transfer of the first electron results in the free-radical (semiquinone) form of Q, and transfer of the second electron reduces the semiquinone form to the ubiquinol form, QH2. During this process, four protons are translocated from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. [4] As the electrons become continuously oxidized and reduced throughout the complex an electron current is produced along the 180 Angstrom width of the complex within the membrane. This current powers the active transport of four protons to the intermembrane space per two electrons from NADH.
Complex II
In Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase or succinate-CoQ reductase; EC 1.3.5.1) additional electrons are delivered into the quinone pool (Q) originating from succinate and transferred (via flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) to Q. Complex II consists of four protein subunits: succinate dehydrogenase, (SDHA); succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial, (SDHB); succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C, (SDHC) and succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, (SDHD). Other electron donors (e.g., fatty acids and glycerol 3-phosphate) also direct electrons into Q (via FAD). Complex 2 is a parallel electron transport pathway to complex 1, but unlike complex 1, no protons are transported to the intermembrane space in this pathway. Therefore, the pathway through complex 2 contributes less energy to the overall electron transport chain process.
Complex III
In Complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex or CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase; EC 1.10.2.2), the Q-cycle contributes to the proton gradient by an asymmetric absorption/release of protons. Two electrons are removed from QH2 at the QO site and sequentially transferred to two molecules of cytochrome c, a water-soluble electron carrier located within the intermembrane space. The two other electrons sequentially pass across the protein to the Qi site where the quinone part of ubiquinone is reduced to quinol. A proton gradient is formed by one quinol (2H+2e-) oxidations at the Qo site to form one quinone (2H+2e-) at the Qi site. (in total four protons are translocated: two protons reduce quinone to quinol and two protons are released from two ubiquinol molecules).
QH2 + 2 cytochrome c (FeIII) + 2 H+in → Q + 2 cytochrome c (FeII) + 4 H+out
When electron transfer is reduced (by a high membrane potential or respiratory inhibitors such as antimycin A), Complex III may leak electrons to molecular oxygen, resulting in superoxide formation.
- published: 13 Jun 2017
- views: 9261
PART I - Oxidative Phosphorylation, Electron Transport Chain
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:02
- Updated: 05 Jan 2013
- views: 534798
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Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Updated: 03 Mar 2008
- views: 1994585
NDSU Virtual Cell Animations Project animation 'Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)'. For more information please see http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animatio...
NDSU Virtual Cell Animations Project animation 'Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)'. For more information please see http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations
Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria and provides both animals and plants with the energy needed to power other cellular processes. This section covers the electron transport chain.
https://wn.com/Cellular_Respiration_(Electron_Transport_Chain)
NDSU Virtual Cell Animations Project animation 'Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)'. For more information please see http://vcell.ndsu.edu/animations
Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria and provides both animals and plants with the energy needed to power other cellular processes. This section covers the electron transport chain.
- published: 03 Mar 2008
- views: 1994585
Introduction to Electron Transport Chain
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:09
- Updated: 07 Jun 2015
- views: 70782
Donate here: http://www.aklectures.com/donate.php
Website video: http://www.aklectures.com/lecture/introduction-to-electron-transport-chain
Facebook link: https...
Donate here: http://www.aklectures.com/donate.php
Website video: http://www.aklectures.com/lecture/introduction-to-electron-transport-chain
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Website link: http://www.aklectures.com
https://wn.com/Introduction_To_Electron_Transport_Chain
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- published: 07 Jun 2015
- views: 70782
Electron Transport Chain (Music Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:01
- Updated: 20 Aug 2014
- views: 425305
A musical explanation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and how it produces ATP.
LYRICS
Electron transport chain
Welcome to this story about ce...
A musical explanation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and how it produces ATP.
LYRICS
Electron transport chain
Welcome to this story about cell energy
The goal is explaining how cells make ATP
It happens in the mitochondria which you can think of
As the cell’s energy factory
Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles,
An inner membrane and an outer one as well
The mitochondrial matrix is the fluid inside
It’s where reactions like Krebs cycle reside
Glycolysis and Krebs make NADH
and FADH2 from energy in food
These electron carriers make their way
From the matrix to the inner membrane.
And that’s where you find the electron transport chain
It’s a series of enzymes embedded in the membrane,
Which take the electron carrier’s electrons
And uses their energy for pumping protons
CHORUS
The mitochondrial electron transport chain
Uses electron energy for pumping protons
From the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space
Increasing proton concentration in that place,
The only way the protons can escape
Is through a channel and an enzyme, ATP synthase.
Which uses diffusing protons’ kinetic energy
To make ATP, from ADP and P
The chain is a series of enzymes in a row
Each accepts electrons, then lets them go
To the next carrier in this transport chain.
It’s kind of organized like a bucket brigade
What drives electrons down this enzymatic series
Is the growing level of each carrier’s electronegativity
And to oxygen electrons ultimately fall
It’s the most electronegative of them all
It’s NADH that starts this run
Donating electrons to Complex number I
This powers active transport as protons are displaced.
And get pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space
From Complex I electrons flow to
Ubiquinone, also known as “Q”
Which floats through the inner membrane happily
And brings its electrons to Complex III
And you can guess the function of Complex III .
It’s another proton pump using electron energy
Protons jam up in that intermembrane compartment
Like a hundred people in a one bedroom apartment!
CHORUS
Complex II is for FADH2
Which donates electrons, which then get passed to Q
Which once again passes them to Complex III
Which pumps protons using electron energy
From Complex III the electrons proceed
To another mobile carrier, Cytochrome C
Which donates the electrons to Complex IV
Another proton pump, could you ask for more?
After Complex IV electrons flow,
To oxygen which is ever so
Electronegative it pulls electrons down the chain,
Keeping them moving like the cars of a train.
And as O2 does this electron grabbing trick,
It also grabs protons from the matrix.
They all combine to form H2O
Electron transport chain, watch it go!
CHORUS
Now all these protons in the intermembrane space
Are trapped they can’t get out of that place
‘Cause protons are charged and could never get through
A phospholipid bilayer, they can’t diffuse
But like all particles, they’re dying to go
From where their concentration’s high to where it’s low
Stuck in the intermembrane space they're frustrated.
To diffuse to the matrix, they’re highly motivated.
And this gradient’s been made steeper by O2
Which absorbs protons from the matrix stew,
So from proton pumping, and oxygen’s actions.
Add another force, electrochemical attraction!
Think of all those trapped protons, each one’s positive.
The matrix, in comparison is negative.
Opposites attract, so the protons are dying
To get to matrix, oh how they’re trying!
There’s only one channel that let’s the protons pass,
And they use it like high school students busting out of class,
It’s a channel and an enzyme, it’s ATP synthase
The closer in this game, an energy ace
ATP synthase is embedded in the inner membrane
How it works is so cool it’s insane.
It’s got channels for diffusing protons running right through it.
When cells make ATP, well watch how they do it
The matrix side of ATP synthase has binding sites
For ADP and P which come in and bind.
And as ATP synthase lets protons barge through
Their kinetic energy gets put to use.
Like water through a turbine proton movement generates rotation.
Changing synthase’s binding site conformation.
Which catalyzes chemical bond formation.
ADP and P make ATP that energy sensation!
CHORUS
https://wn.com/Electron_Transport_Chain_(Music_Video)
A musical explanation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and how it produces ATP.
LYRICS
Electron transport chain
Welcome to this story about cell energy
The goal is explaining how cells make ATP
It happens in the mitochondria which you can think of
As the cell’s energy factory
Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles,
An inner membrane and an outer one as well
The mitochondrial matrix is the fluid inside
It’s where reactions like Krebs cycle reside
Glycolysis and Krebs make NADH
and FADH2 from energy in food
These electron carriers make their way
From the matrix to the inner membrane.
And that’s where you find the electron transport chain
It’s a series of enzymes embedded in the membrane,
Which take the electron carrier’s electrons
And uses their energy for pumping protons
CHORUS
The mitochondrial electron transport chain
Uses electron energy for pumping protons
From the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space
Increasing proton concentration in that place,
The only way the protons can escape
Is through a channel and an enzyme, ATP synthase.
Which uses diffusing protons’ kinetic energy
To make ATP, from ADP and P
The chain is a series of enzymes in a row
Each accepts electrons, then lets them go
To the next carrier in this transport chain.
It’s kind of organized like a bucket brigade
What drives electrons down this enzymatic series
Is the growing level of each carrier’s electronegativity
And to oxygen electrons ultimately fall
It’s the most electronegative of them all
It’s NADH that starts this run
Donating electrons to Complex number I
This powers active transport as protons are displaced.
And get pumped from the matrix to the intermembrane space
From Complex I electrons flow to
Ubiquinone, also known as “Q”
Which floats through the inner membrane happily
And brings its electrons to Complex III
And you can guess the function of Complex III .
It’s another proton pump using electron energy
Protons jam up in that intermembrane compartment
Like a hundred people in a one bedroom apartment!
CHORUS
Complex II is for FADH2
Which donates electrons, which then get passed to Q
Which once again passes them to Complex III
Which pumps protons using electron energy
From Complex III the electrons proceed
To another mobile carrier, Cytochrome C
Which donates the electrons to Complex IV
Another proton pump, could you ask for more?
After Complex IV electrons flow,
To oxygen which is ever so
Electronegative it pulls electrons down the chain,
Keeping them moving like the cars of a train.
And as O2 does this electron grabbing trick,
It also grabs protons from the matrix.
They all combine to form H2O
Electron transport chain, watch it go!
CHORUS
Now all these protons in the intermembrane space
Are trapped they can’t get out of that place
‘Cause protons are charged and could never get through
A phospholipid bilayer, they can’t diffuse
But like all particles, they’re dying to go
From where their concentration’s high to where it’s low
Stuck in the intermembrane space they're frustrated.
To diffuse to the matrix, they’re highly motivated.
And this gradient’s been made steeper by O2
Which absorbs protons from the matrix stew,
So from proton pumping, and oxygen’s actions.
Add another force, electrochemical attraction!
Think of all those trapped protons, each one’s positive.
The matrix, in comparison is negative.
Opposites attract, so the protons are dying
To get to matrix, oh how they’re trying!
There’s only one channel that let’s the protons pass,
And they use it like high school students busting out of class,
It’s a channel and an enzyme, it’s ATP synthase
The closer in this game, an energy ace
ATP synthase is embedded in the inner membrane
How it works is so cool it’s insane.
It’s got channels for diffusing protons running right through it.
When cells make ATP, well watch how they do it
The matrix side of ATP synthase has binding sites
For ADP and P which come in and bind.
And as ATP synthase lets protons barge through
Their kinetic energy gets put to use.
Like water through a turbine proton movement generates rotation.
Changing synthase’s binding site conformation.
Which catalyzes chemical bond formation.
ADP and P make ATP that energy sensation!
CHORUS
- published: 20 Aug 2014
- views: 425305
Electron transport chain and ATP synthesis
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:35
- Updated: 07 Feb 2017
- views: 16425
This lecture explains about the mechanism behind electron transport chain and ATP synthesis with the help of oxidative phosphorylation. Components of electron t...
This lecture explains about the mechanism behind electron transport chain and ATP synthesis with the help of oxidative phosphorylation. Components of electron transport chain is also explained in this lecture including the protein complex i to V and ATPase. This lecture will help you to understand the chemiosmotic theory and mechanism of action of the ATPase pump to drive the proton motive force that helps in ATP synthesis in mitochondria as a result of aerobic cellular respiration.
For more information, log on to-
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Get Shomu's Biology DVD set here-
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Download the study materials here-
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Remember Shomu’s Biology is created to spread the knowledge of life science and biology by sharing all this free biology lectures video and animation presented by Suman Bhattacharjee in YouTube. All these tutorials are brought to you for free. Please subscribe to our channel so that we can grow together. You can check for any of the following services from Shomu’s Biology-
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Thank you for watching the biochemistry lecture video on electron transport chain and ATP synthesis also known as electron transport system.
https://wn.com/Electron_Transport_Chain_And_Atp_Synthesis
This lecture explains about the mechanism behind electron transport chain and ATP synthesis with the help of oxidative phosphorylation. Components of electron transport chain is also explained in this lecture including the protein complex i to V and ATPase. This lecture will help you to understand the chemiosmotic theory and mechanism of action of the ATPase pump to drive the proton motive force that helps in ATP synthesis in mitochondria as a result of aerobic cellular respiration.
For more information, log on to-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/
Get Shomu's Biology DVD set here-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store/
Download the study materials here-
http://shomusbiology.com/bio-materials.html
Remember Shomu’s Biology is created to spread the knowledge of life science and biology by sharing all this free biology lectures video and animation presented by Suman Bhattacharjee in YouTube. All these tutorials are brought to you for free. Please subscribe to our channel so that we can grow together. You can check for any of the following services from Shomu’s Biology-
Buy Shomu’s Biology lecture DVD set- www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store
Shomu’s Biology assignment services – www.shomusbiology.com/assignment -help
Join Online coaching for CSIR NET exam – www.shomusbiology.com/net-coaching
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Thank you for watching the biochemistry lecture video on electron transport chain and ATP synthesis also known as electron transport system.
- published: 07 Feb 2017
- views: 16425
HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:38
- Updated: 08 Jan 2017
- views: 24341
Hi friends, here I am with another video.
This video will help HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN)
THERE IS WATER AT THE END WHICH IS NOT SEEN IN VIDEO...
Hi friends, here I am with another video.
This video will help HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN)
THERE IS WATER AT THE END WHICH IS NOT SEEN IN VIDEO (SORRY FOR CUT IN VIDEO)
In upcoming videos I will teach you how to study in 5 months for NEET , learn reproduction in plant and animals , nephron and other organs for exams in simple steps.
ALL THE BEST for your exam.
Give your opinions, feedback, in the COMMENT section below.
LIKE if this has helped you and SHARE with your friends to motivate them as well.
SUBSCRIBE to my channel for more videos like this and you don't miss them.
P.S. sorry for the unwanted background noise and disturbances.
Any Doubt regarding any topic feel free to ask in the comment box and also on personal mail.
profsunilkumar.biologytutions@gmail.com
https://wn.com/How_To_Learn_Ets_(Electron_Transport_Chain)
Hi friends, here I am with another video.
This video will help HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN)
THERE IS WATER AT THE END WHICH IS NOT SEEN IN VIDEO (SORRY FOR CUT IN VIDEO)
In upcoming videos I will teach you how to study in 5 months for NEET , learn reproduction in plant and animals , nephron and other organs for exams in simple steps.
ALL THE BEST for your exam.
Give your opinions, feedback, in the COMMENT section below.
LIKE if this has helped you and SHARE with your friends to motivate them as well.
SUBSCRIBE to my channel for more videos like this and you don't miss them.
P.S. sorry for the unwanted background noise and disturbances.
Any Doubt regarding any topic feel free to ask in the comment box and also on personal mail.
profsunilkumar.biologytutions@gmail.com
- published: 08 Jan 2017
- views: 24341
Cellular Respiration 5 - Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:39
- Updated: 29 Jun 2013
- views: 211655
http://www.handwrittentutorials.com - This tutorial is the fifth in the Cellular Respiration series. This tutorial provides an overview of Oxidative Phosphoryla...
http://www.handwrittentutorials.com - This tutorial is the fifth in the Cellular Respiration series. This tutorial provides an overview of Oxidative Phosphorylation, in particular the Electron Transport Chain. For more entirely FREE tutorials and the accompanying PDFs visit http://www.handwrittentutorials.com
https://wn.com/Cellular_Respiration_5_Oxidative_Phosphorylation
http://www.handwrittentutorials.com - This tutorial is the fifth in the Cellular Respiration series. This tutorial provides an overview of Oxidative Phosphorylation, in particular the Electron Transport Chain. For more entirely FREE tutorials and the accompanying PDFs visit http://www.handwrittentutorials.com
- published: 29 Jun 2013
- views: 211655
Electron Transport Chain ETC Part 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:10
- Updated: 19 Jun 2017
- views: 3487
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy part 2
Watch Part 1:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8VHyezOJD4
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GL...
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy part 2
Watch Part 1:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8VHyezOJD4
LIKE US ON FACEBOOK : https://fb.me/Medsimplified
GLYCOLYSIS : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qij1m7XUhk
KREBS CYCLE : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubzw64PQPqM&t;=181s
Beta oxidation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__jS-pjzb5k&t;=5s
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds. The molecules of the chain include peptides, enzymes (which are proteins or protein complexes), and others. The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration is molecular oxygen although a variety of acceptors other than oxygen such as sulfate exist in anaerobic respiration.
In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient.
Complex I
In Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, NADH-CoQ reductase, or NADH dehydrogenase; EC 1.6.5.3), two electrons are removed from NADH and ultimately transferred to a lipid-soluble carrier, ubiquinone (Q). The reduced product, ubiquinol (QH2), freely diffuses within the membrane, and Complex I translocates four protons (H+) across the membrane, thus producing a proton gradient. Complex I is one of the main sites at which premature electron leakage to oxygen occurs, thus being one of the main sites of production of superoxide.
The pathway of electrons is as follows:
NADH is oxidized to NAD+, by reducing Flavin mononucleotide to FMNH2 in one two-electron step. FMNH2 is then oxidized in two one-electron steps, through a semiquinone intermediate. Each electron thus transfers from the FMNH2 to an Fe-S cluster, from the Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone (Q). Transfer of the first electron results in the free-radical (semiquinone) form of Q, and transfer of the second electron reduces the semiquinone form to the ubiquinol form, QH2. During this process, four protons are translocated from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. [4] As the electrons become continuously oxidized and reduced throughout the complex an electron current is produced along the 180 Angstrom width of the complex within the membrane. This current powers the active transport of four protons to the intermembrane space per two electrons from NADH.
Complex II
In Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase or succinate-CoQ reductase; EC 1.3.5.1) additional electrons are delivered into the quinone pool (Q) originating from succinate and transferred (via flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) to Q. Complex II consists of four protein subunits: succinate dehydrogenase, (SDHA); succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial, (SDHB); succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C, (SDHC) and succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, (SDHD). Other electron donors (e.g., fatty acids and glycerol 3-phosphate) also direct electrons into Q (via FAD). Complex 2 is a parallel electron transport pathway to complex 1, but unlike complex 1, no protons are transported to the intermembrane space in this pathway. Therefore, the pathway through complex 2 contributes less energy to the overall electron transport chain process.
Complex III
In Complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex or CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase; EC 1.10.2.2), the Q-cycle contributes to the proton gradient by an asymmetric absorption/release of protons. Two electrons are removed from QH2 at the QO site and sequentially transferred to two molecules of cytochrome c, a water-soluble electron carrier located within the intermembrane space. The two other electrons sequentially pass across the protein to the Qi site where the quinone part of ubiquinone is reduced to quinol. A proton gradient is formed by one quinol (2H+2e-) oxidations at the Qo site to form one quinone (2H+2e-) at the Qi site. (in total four protons are translocated: two protons reduce quinone to quinol and two protons are released from two ubiquinol molecules).
QH2 + 2 cytochrome c (FeIII) + 2 H+in → Q + 2 cytochrome c (FeII) + 4 H+out
When electron transfer is reduced (by a high membrane potential or respiratory inhibitors such as antimycin A), Complex III may leak electrons to molecular oxygen, resulting in superoxide formation.
https://wn.com/Electron_Transport_Chain_Etc_Part_2
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy part 2
Watch Part 1:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8VHyezOJD4
LIKE US ON FACEBOOK : https://fb.me/Medsimplified
GLYCOLYSIS : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qij1m7XUhk
KREBS CYCLE : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubzw64PQPqM&t;=181s
Beta oxidation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=__jS-pjzb5k&t;=5s
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds. The molecules of the chain include peptides, enzymes (which are proteins or protein complexes), and others. The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration is molecular oxygen although a variety of acceptors other than oxygen such as sulfate exist in anaerobic respiration.
In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient.
Complex I
In Complex I (NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase, NADH-CoQ reductase, or NADH dehydrogenase; EC 1.6.5.3), two electrons are removed from NADH and ultimately transferred to a lipid-soluble carrier, ubiquinone (Q). The reduced product, ubiquinol (QH2), freely diffuses within the membrane, and Complex I translocates four protons (H+) across the membrane, thus producing a proton gradient. Complex I is one of the main sites at which premature electron leakage to oxygen occurs, thus being one of the main sites of production of superoxide.
The pathway of electrons is as follows:
NADH is oxidized to NAD+, by reducing Flavin mononucleotide to FMNH2 in one two-electron step. FMNH2 is then oxidized in two one-electron steps, through a semiquinone intermediate. Each electron thus transfers from the FMNH2 to an Fe-S cluster, from the Fe-S cluster to ubiquinone (Q). Transfer of the first electron results in the free-radical (semiquinone) form of Q, and transfer of the second electron reduces the semiquinone form to the ubiquinol form, QH2. During this process, four protons are translocated from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space. [4] As the electrons become continuously oxidized and reduced throughout the complex an electron current is produced along the 180 Angstrom width of the complex within the membrane. This current powers the active transport of four protons to the intermembrane space per two electrons from NADH.
Complex II
In Complex II (succinate dehydrogenase or succinate-CoQ reductase; EC 1.3.5.1) additional electrons are delivered into the quinone pool (Q) originating from succinate and transferred (via flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) to Q. Complex II consists of four protein subunits: succinate dehydrogenase, (SDHA); succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur subunit, mitochondrial, (SDHB); succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C, (SDHC) and succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D, (SDHD). Other electron donors (e.g., fatty acids and glycerol 3-phosphate) also direct electrons into Q (via FAD). Complex 2 is a parallel electron transport pathway to complex 1, but unlike complex 1, no protons are transported to the intermembrane space in this pathway. Therefore, the pathway through complex 2 contributes less energy to the overall electron transport chain process.
Complex III
In Complex III (cytochrome bc1 complex or CoQH2-cytochrome c reductase; EC 1.10.2.2), the Q-cycle contributes to the proton gradient by an asymmetric absorption/release of protons. Two electrons are removed from QH2 at the QO site and sequentially transferred to two molecules of cytochrome c, a water-soluble electron carrier located within the intermembrane space. The two other electrons sequentially pass across the protein to the Qi site where the quinone part of ubiquinone is reduced to quinol. A proton gradient is formed by one quinol (2H+2e-) oxidations at the Qo site to form one quinone (2H+2e-) at the Qi site. (in total four protons are translocated: two protons reduce quinone to quinol and two protons are released from two ubiquinol molecules).
QH2 + 2 cytochrome c (FeIII) + 2 H+in → Q + 2 cytochrome c (FeII) + 4 H+out
When electron transfer is reduced (by a high membrane potential or respiratory inhibitors such as antimycin A), Complex III may leak electrons to molecular oxygen, resulting in superoxide formation.
- published: 19 Jun 2017
- views: 3487
-
Electron Transport System
IMPORTANT: Dr. Cohen's notes used to refer to reducING potential (the potential to reduce other things). That's what I based the video off of, but it's not actually a term. The real term, to which the notes now refer, is reducTION potential (the potential to be reduced). Both are right, because the terms mean exactly the opposite thing. Electrons move spontaneously from a low reducTION potential (low potential to be reduced/gain electrons) to a high reducTION potential (high potential to be reduced/gain electrons). They also move spontaneously from a high reducING potential (high potential to give off electrons) to a low reducING potential (low potential to give off electrons).
published: 05 Jul 2011 -
Electron transport chain animation
Electron transport chain animation http://shomusbiology.weebly.com/ Download the study materials here- http://shomusbiology.weebly.com/bio-materials.html An electron transport chain (ETC) couples electron transfer between an electron donor (such as NADH) and an electron acceptor (such as O2) with the transfer of H+ ions (protons) across a membrane. The resulting electrochemical proton gradient is used to generate chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Electron transport chains are the cellular mechanisms used for extracting energy from sunlight in photosynthesis and also from redox reactions, such as the oxidation of sugars (respiration). In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast mem...
published: 10 Mar 2013 -
Easy way to learn ETS (Electron transport chain)
Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation by Dr. P K Agrawal
published: 19 May 2017 -
The Electron Transport Chain Part 1
In this video we discuss the electron transport chain and ATP synthase.
published: 14 Jan 2015 -
Mod-01 Lec-20 Electron Transport Chain & Oxidative Phosphorylation
Biochemical Engineering by Dr. Rintu Banerjee,Department of Agricultural & Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
published: 19 Sep 2011 -
Respiratory chain (mitochondrial electron transport chain)
On how electrons from food get transmitted onto oxygen in our mitochondria. Lecture for first year medical students at the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague.
published: 23 Oct 2014 -
Function & Regulation of the Electron Transport Chain
This video is a revision tool for the electron transport chain, made by group 10. Contents- Overview- 0:55 Complex I- 3:10 Complex II- 5:13 Complex III- 6:35 Complex IV- 8:29 Complex V- 13:05 Photosynthetic ETC in plants- 17:32 Photosynthetic ETC in bacteria- 19:58 Regulation of photosynthetic ETC- 21:16 Regulation of mitochondrial ETC: Using Shuttles- 22:50 Inhibitors- 27:09 Uncoupling- 29:35 'Branched' ETCs- 32:35 Gene expression- 36:23 Link to script and references- https://docs.google.com/document/d/18q-1exmOr6-LkaBA-PNmt0hV60otYvj45pWGTmr0gHs/edit?usp=sharing Link to Flashcards to test your knowledge- http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bi2257-group-10s-etc-flashcards-6488075
published: 22 Nov 2015 -
The Electron Transport
This video is a discussion of the electron transport chain. It's an in-depth look at how redox reactions in the inner membrane of the mitochondria can produce an electrochemical gradient. The proton motive force then is capable through producing large quantities of ATP in a process known as oxidative phosphorylation.
published: 28 Oct 2013 -
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoi...
published: 03 Oct 2014 -
2- Respiratory chain ang oxidative phosphorylation
bio energetics
published: 29 Dec 2013
Electron Transport System
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 26:21
- Updated: 05 Jul 2011
- views: 149963
IMPORTANT:
Dr. Cohen's notes used to refer to reducING potential (the potential to reduce other things). That's what I based the video off of, but it's not actu...
IMPORTANT:
Dr. Cohen's notes used to refer to reducING potential (the potential to reduce other things). That's what I based the video off of, but it's not actually a term. The real term, to which the notes now refer, is reducTION potential (the potential to be reduced). Both are right, because the terms mean exactly the opposite thing. Electrons move spontaneously from a low reducTION potential (low potential to be reduced/gain electrons) to a high reducTION potential (high potential to be reduced/gain electrons). They also move spontaneously from a high reducING potential (high potential to give off electrons) to a low reducING potential (low potential to give off electrons).
https://wn.com/Electron_Transport_System
IMPORTANT:
Dr. Cohen's notes used to refer to reducING potential (the potential to reduce other things). That's what I based the video off of, but it's not actually a term. The real term, to which the notes now refer, is reducTION potential (the potential to be reduced). Both are right, because the terms mean exactly the opposite thing. Electrons move spontaneously from a low reducTION potential (low potential to be reduced/gain electrons) to a high reducTION potential (high potential to be reduced/gain electrons). They also move spontaneously from a high reducING potential (high potential to give off electrons) to a low reducING potential (low potential to give off electrons).
- published: 05 Jul 2011
- views: 149963
Electron transport chain animation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 42:36
- Updated: 10 Mar 2013
- views: 11374
Electron transport chain animation
http://shomusbiology.weebly.com/
Download the study materials here-
http://shomusbiology.weebly.com/bio-materials.html
An ele...
Electron transport chain animation
http://shomusbiology.weebly.com/
Download the study materials here-
http://shomusbiology.weebly.com/bio-materials.html
An electron transport chain (ETC) couples electron transfer between an electron donor (such as NADH) and an electron acceptor (such as O2) with the transfer of H+ ions (protons) across a membrane. The resulting electrochemical proton gradient is used to generate chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Electron transport chains are the cellular mechanisms used for extracting energy from sunlight in photosynthesis and also from redox reactions, such as the oxidation of sugars (respiration).
In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress. Source of the article published in description is Wikipedia. I am sharing their material. © by original content developers of Wikipedia.
Link- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
https://wn.com/Electron_Transport_Chain_Animation
Electron transport chain animation
http://shomusbiology.weebly.com/
Download the study materials here-
http://shomusbiology.weebly.com/bio-materials.html
An electron transport chain (ETC) couples electron transfer between an electron donor (such as NADH) and an electron acceptor (such as O2) with the transfer of H+ ions (protons) across a membrane. The resulting electrochemical proton gradient is used to generate chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Electron transport chains are the cellular mechanisms used for extracting energy from sunlight in photosynthesis and also from redox reactions, such as the oxidation of sugars (respiration).
In chloroplasts, light drives the conversion of water to oxygen and NADP+ to NADPH with transfer of H+ ions across chloroplast membranes. In mitochondria, it is the conversion of oxygen to water, NADH to NAD+ and succinate to fumarate that are required to generate the proton gradient. Electron transport chains are major sites of premature electron leakage to oxygen, generating superoxide and potentially resulting in increased oxidative stress. Source of the article published in description is Wikipedia. I am sharing their material. © by original content developers of Wikipedia.
Link- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
- published: 10 Mar 2013
- views: 11374
Easy way to learn ETS (Electron transport chain)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 42:19
- Updated: 19 May 2017
- views: 978
Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation by Dr. P K Agrawal
Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation by Dr. P K Agrawal
https://wn.com/Easy_Way_To_Learn_Ets_(Electron_Transport_Chain)
Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation by Dr. P K Agrawal
- published: 19 May 2017
- views: 978
The Electron Transport Chain Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 25:30
- Updated: 14 Jan 2015
- views: 846
In this video we discuss the electron transport chain and ATP synthase.
In this video we discuss the electron transport chain and ATP synthase.
https://wn.com/The_Electron_Transport_Chain_Part_1
In this video we discuss the electron transport chain and ATP synthase.
- published: 14 Jan 2015
- views: 846
Mod-01 Lec-20 Electron Transport Chain & Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 53:40
- Updated: 19 Sep 2011
- views: 3152
Biochemical Engineering by Dr. Rintu Banerjee,Department of Agricultural & Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more
details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac...
Biochemical Engineering by Dr. Rintu Banerjee,Department of Agricultural & Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more
details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
https://wn.com/Mod_01_Lec_20_Electron_Transport_Chain_Oxidative_Phosphorylation
Biochemical Engineering by Dr. Rintu Banerjee,Department of Agricultural & Engineering,IIT Kharagpur. For more
details on NPTEL visit http://nptel.iitm.ac.in
- published: 19 Sep 2011
- views: 3152
Respiratory chain (mitochondrial electron transport chain)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:25:20
- Updated: 23 Oct 2014
- views: 2576
On how electrons from food get transmitted onto oxygen in our mitochondria. Lecture for first year medical students at the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles Un...
On how electrons from food get transmitted onto oxygen in our mitochondria. Lecture for first year medical students at the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague.
https://wn.com/Respiratory_Chain_(Mitochondrial_Electron_Transport_Chain)
On how electrons from food get transmitted onto oxygen in our mitochondria. Lecture for first year medical students at the Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague.
- published: 23 Oct 2014
- views: 2576
Function & Regulation of the Electron Transport Chain
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 39:36
- Updated: 22 Nov 2015
- views: 308
This video is a revision tool for the electron transport chain, made by group 10.
Contents-
Overview- 0:55
Complex I- 3:10
Complex II- 5:13
Complex III- 6...
This video is a revision tool for the electron transport chain, made by group 10.
Contents-
Overview- 0:55
Complex I- 3:10
Complex II- 5:13
Complex III- 6:35
Complex IV- 8:29
Complex V- 13:05
Photosynthetic ETC in plants- 17:32
Photosynthetic ETC in bacteria- 19:58
Regulation of photosynthetic ETC- 21:16
Regulation of mitochondrial ETC:
Using Shuttles- 22:50
Inhibitors- 27:09
Uncoupling- 29:35
'Branched' ETCs- 32:35
Gene expression- 36:23
Link to script and references-
https://docs.google.com/document/d/18q-1exmOr6-LkaBA-PNmt0hV60otYvj45pWGTmr0gHs/edit?usp=sharing
Link to Flashcards to test your knowledge-
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bi2257-group-10s-etc-flashcards-6488075
https://wn.com/Function_Regulation_Of_The_Electron_Transport_Chain
This video is a revision tool for the electron transport chain, made by group 10.
Contents-
Overview- 0:55
Complex I- 3:10
Complex II- 5:13
Complex III- 6:35
Complex IV- 8:29
Complex V- 13:05
Photosynthetic ETC in plants- 17:32
Photosynthetic ETC in bacteria- 19:58
Regulation of photosynthetic ETC- 21:16
Regulation of mitochondrial ETC:
Using Shuttles- 22:50
Inhibitors- 27:09
Uncoupling- 29:35
'Branched' ETCs- 32:35
Gene expression- 36:23
Link to script and references-
https://docs.google.com/document/d/18q-1exmOr6-LkaBA-PNmt0hV60otYvj45pWGTmr0gHs/edit?usp=sharing
Link to Flashcards to test your knowledge-
http://www.cram.com/flashcards/bi2257-group-10s-etc-flashcards-6488075
- published: 22 Nov 2015
- views: 308
The Electron Transport
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 33:49
- Updated: 28 Oct 2013
- views: 2009
This video is a discussion of the electron transport chain. It's an in-depth look at how redox reactions in the inner membrane of the mitochondria can produce a...
This video is a discussion of the electron transport chain. It's an in-depth look at how redox reactions in the inner membrane of the mitochondria can produce an electrochemical gradient. The proton motive force then is capable through producing large quantities of ATP in a process known as oxidative phosphorylation.
https://wn.com/The_Electron_Transport
This video is a discussion of the electron transport chain. It's an in-depth look at how redox reactions in the inner membrane of the mitochondria can produce an electrochemical gradient. The proton motive force then is capable through producing large quantities of ATP in a process known as oxidative phosphorylation.
- published: 28 Oct 2013
- views: 2009
Electron transport chain
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 27:27
- Updated: 03 Oct 2014
- views: 1007
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples t...
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
https://wn.com/Electron_Transport_Chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H+ ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis, or the generation of chemical energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
Electron transport chains are used for extracting energy via redox reactions from sunlight in photosynthesis or, such as in the case of the oxidation of sugars, cellular respiration. In eukaryotes, an important electron transport chain is found in the inner mitochondrial membrane where it serves as the site of oxidative phosphorylation through the use of ATP synthase. It is also found in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast in photosynthetic eukaryotes. In bacteria, the electron transport chain is located in their cell membrane.
This video is targeted to blind users.
Attribution:
Article text available under CC-BY-SA
Creative Commons image source in video
- published: 03 Oct 2014
- views: 1007
2- Respiratory chain ang oxidative phosphorylation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 50:11
- Updated: 29 Dec 2013
- views: 1824
bio energetics
bio energetics
https://wn.com/2_Respiratory_Chain_Ang_Oxidative_Phosphorylation
bio energetics
- published: 29 Dec 2013
- views: 1824
- Playlist
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17:16
Electron Transport Chain
Overview of the Electron Transport Chain
More free lessons at: http://www.khanacademy.org/...
published: 11 Dec 2009
Electron Transport Chain
Electron Transport Chain
- Report rights infringement
- published: 11 Dec 2009
- views: 1568717
8:14
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy
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...
published: 13 Jun 2017
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy
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- published: 13 Jun 2017
- views: 9261
11:02
PART I - Oxidative Phosphorylation, Electron Transport Chain
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published: 05 Jan 2013
PART I - Oxidative Phosphorylation, Electron Transport Chain
PART I - Oxidative Phosphorylation, Electron Transport Chain
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- views: 534798
3:50
Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)
NDSU Virtual Cell Animations Project animation 'Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport C...
published: 03 Mar 2008
Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)
Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)
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- published: 03 Mar 2008
- views: 1994585
12:09
Introduction to Electron Transport Chain
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Website video: http://www.aklectures.com...
published: 07 Jun 2015
Introduction to Electron Transport Chain
Introduction to Electron Transport Chain
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- published: 07 Jun 2015
- views: 70782
6:01
Electron Transport Chain (Music Video)
A musical explanation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and how it produces A...
published: 20 Aug 2014
Electron Transport Chain (Music Video)
Electron Transport Chain (Music Video)
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- published: 20 Aug 2014
- views: 425305
14:35
Electron transport chain and ATP synthesis
This lecture explains about the mechanism behind electron transport chain and ATP synthesi...
published: 07 Feb 2017
Electron transport chain and ATP synthesis
Electron transport chain and ATP synthesis
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- published: 07 Feb 2017
- views: 16425
9:38
HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN)
Hi friends, here I am with another video.
This video will help HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON...
published: 08 Jan 2017
HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN)
HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN)
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- published: 08 Jan 2017
- views: 24341
4:39
Cellular Respiration 5 - Oxidative Phosphorylation
http://www.handwrittentutorials.com - This tutorial is the fifth in the Cellular Respirati...
published: 29 Jun 2013
Cellular Respiration 5 - Oxidative Phosphorylation
Cellular Respiration 5 - Oxidative Phosphorylation
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- published: 29 Jun 2013
- views: 211655
9:10
Electron Transport Chain ETC Part 2
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy part 2
Watch Part 1:
https://www.youtube.com/watc...
published: 19 Jun 2017
Electron Transport Chain ETC Part 2
Electron Transport Chain ETC Part 2
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- published: 19 Jun 2017
- views: 3487
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17:16
Electron Transport Chain
Overview of the Electron Transport Chain
More free lessons at: http://www.khanacademy.org/...
published: 11 Dec 2009
Electron Transport Chain
Electron Transport Chain
- Report rights infringement
- published: 11 Dec 2009
- views: 1568717
8:14
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy
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...
published: 13 Jun 2017
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy
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- published: 13 Jun 2017
- views: 9261
11:02
PART I - Oxidative Phosphorylation, Electron Transport Chain
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published: 05 Jan 2013
PART I - Oxidative Phosphorylation, Electron Transport Chain
PART I - Oxidative Phosphorylation, Electron Transport Chain
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- published: 05 Jan 2013
- views: 534798
3:50
Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)
NDSU Virtual Cell Animations Project animation 'Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport C...
published: 03 Mar 2008
Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)
Cellular Respiration (Electron Transport Chain)
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- published: 03 Mar 2008
- views: 1994585
12:09
Introduction to Electron Transport Chain
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published: 07 Jun 2015
Introduction to Electron Transport Chain
Introduction to Electron Transport Chain
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- published: 07 Jun 2015
- views: 70782
6:01
Electron Transport Chain (Music Video)
A musical explanation of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and how it produces A...
published: 20 Aug 2014
Electron Transport Chain (Music Video)
Electron Transport Chain (Music Video)
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- published: 20 Aug 2014
- views: 425305
14:35
Electron transport chain and ATP synthesis
This lecture explains about the mechanism behind electron transport chain and ATP synthesi...
published: 07 Feb 2017
Electron transport chain and ATP synthesis
Electron transport chain and ATP synthesis
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- published: 07 Feb 2017
- views: 16425
9:38
HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN)
Hi friends, here I am with another video.
This video will help HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON...
published: 08 Jan 2017
HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN)
HOW TO LEARN ETS (ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN)
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- published: 08 Jan 2017
- views: 24341
4:39
Cellular Respiration 5 - Oxidative Phosphorylation
http://www.handwrittentutorials.com - This tutorial is the fifth in the Cellular Respirati...
published: 29 Jun 2013
Cellular Respiration 5 - Oxidative Phosphorylation
Cellular Respiration 5 - Oxidative Phosphorylation
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- published: 29 Jun 2013
- views: 211655
9:10
Electron Transport Chain ETC Part 2
Electron Transport Chain ETC Made Easy part 2
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published: 19 Jun 2017
Electron Transport Chain ETC Part 2
Electron Transport Chain ETC Part 2
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- published: 19 Jun 2017
- views: 3487
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26:21
Electron Transport System
IMPORTANT:
Dr. Cohen's notes used to refer to reducING potential (the potential to reduce ...
published: 05 Jul 2011
Electron Transport System
Electron Transport System
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- published: 05 Jul 2011
- views: 149963
42:36
Electron transport chain animation
Electron transport chain animation
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published: 10 Mar 2013
Electron transport chain animation
Electron transport chain animation
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- published: 10 Mar 2013
- views: 11374
42:19
Easy way to learn ETS (Electron transport chain)
Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation by Dr. P K Agrawal
published: 19 May 2017
Easy way to learn ETS (Electron transport chain)
Easy way to learn ETS (Electron transport chain)
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- published: 19 May 2017
- views: 978
25:30
The Electron Transport Chain Part 1
In this video we discuss the electron transport chain and ATP synthase.
published: 14 Jan 2015
The Electron Transport Chain Part 1
The Electron Transport Chain Part 1
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- published: 14 Jan 2015
- views: 846
53:40
Mod-01 Lec-20 Electron Transport Chain & Oxidative Phosphorylation
Biochemical Engineering by Dr. Rintu Banerjee,Department of Agricultural & Engineering...
published: 19 Sep 2011
Mod-01 Lec-20 Electron Transport Chain & Oxidative Phosphorylation
Mod-01 Lec-20 Electron Transport Chain & Oxidative Phosphorylation
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- published: 19 Sep 2011
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1:25:20
Respiratory chain (mitochondrial electron transport chain)
On how electrons from food get transmitted onto oxygen in our mitochondria. Lecture for fi...
published: 23 Oct 2014
Respiratory chain (mitochondrial electron transport chain)
Respiratory chain (mitochondrial electron transport chain)
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- published: 23 Oct 2014
- views: 2576
39:36
Function & Regulation of the Electron Transport Chain
This video is a revision tool for the electron transport chain, made by group 10.
Content...
published: 22 Nov 2015
Function & Regulation of the Electron Transport Chain
Function & Regulation of the Electron Transport Chain
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- published: 22 Nov 2015
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33:49
The Electron Transport
This video is a discussion of the electron transport chain. It's an in-depth look at how r...
published: 28 Oct 2013
The Electron Transport
The Electron Transport
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- published: 28 Oct 2013
- views: 2009
27:27
Electron transport chain
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of compounds that transfer electrons from el...
published: 03 Oct 2014
Electron transport chain
Electron transport chain
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50:11
2- Respiratory chain ang oxidative phosphorylation
bio energetics
published: 29 Dec 2013
2- Respiratory chain ang oxidative phosphorylation
2- Respiratory chain ang oxidative phosphorylation
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- views: 1824
Electron Transport System...
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Easy way to learn ETS (Electron transport chain)...
The Electron Transport Chain Part 1...
Mod-01 Lec-20 Electron Transport Chain & Oxidative...
Respiratory chain (mitochondrial electron transpor...
Function & Regulation of the Electron Transport Ch...
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Pull back troops to end stand-off, China tells India
Edit The Hindu 02 Aug 2017
A detailed statement by the Chinese Foreign Ministry on Wednesday has signalled that India may not only have to scale down its forces in Doklam, but New Delhi must pull back all its troops to end the military standoff in the area ... “On 16 June 2017, the Chinese side was building a road in the Dong Lang area ... It added ... “The incident took place on the Chinese side of the delimited boundary ... There is no dispute in this regard.” ... ....
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How Responsible Is U.S. In Pushing North Korea To Brink of War And Trump's Cold War Paradox?
Edit WorldNews.com 02 Aug 2017
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas DarlingDid you know in 1993, the U.S. redirected some of its intercontinental ballistic missiles away from targets in the former Soviet Union to targets in North Korea, or the nation would have stayed out of the nuclear business if not for outrageous U.S. economic sanctions? Did you know the U.S ... And are you familiar with the Cold War Paradox that has plagued every president since WWII? ... The U.S ... ....
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Israeli PM Netanyahu Steps In To Prevent Israeli MP, Jordanian MP Fight, Report Says
Edit WorldNews.com 02 Aug 2017
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu was forced to step in Wednesday to prevent a fistfight between a hotheaded Israeli lawmaker and his Jordanian counterpart over a diplomatic crisis between the two neighboring countries, Reuters reported. In the July 23 incident, two Jordanians were shot to death by an Israeli embassy guard who said he was acting in self defense, the report said....
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Reuters Uncovers Marked Discrepancy In Russian Servicemen Killed In Syria
Edit WorldNews.com 02 Aug 2017
Reuters is reporting a marked discrepancy in figures relating to Russian servicemen killed fighting in Syria thus far this year between the country’s Defense Ministry and accounts from families and friends.According to Defense Ministry figures, 10 servicemen have been killed in the fighting ... The seven-month tally exceeds the 36 Russian armed personnel and contractors Reuters estimates to have been killed in Syria, the report said....
Smart Glass Market Size, Share 2016 Industry Trend, Growth and Forecast 2024
Edit Community news 02 Aug 2017
Smart glass is utilized extensively in architecture, consumer electronics, transportation, and solar power generation ... The growing sectors, such as the housing and construction, consumer electronics, transportation, and the solar power generation, in this region are expected to increase the need for solar panels, which in turn is anticipated to boost the Asia Pacific smart glass market over the forthcoming years....
Mayor Phil Goff and Generation Zero still behind regional fuel tax for Auckland
Edit Stuff 02 Aug 2017
There are renewed calls to fund Auckland transport infrastructure through a regional fuel tax. Climate change group Generation Zero is campaigning for an Auckland-wide fuel tax to contribute towards the projected $7 billion needed to fund Auckland transport infrastructure over the next decade ... * Government and Auckland Council agree way forward on transport....
As the Dow Races Past 22,000, Why Is It Leaving Transports in the Dust?
Edit The Street 02 Aug 2017
The Dow Jones Transportation Average, the oldest stock index still in use, hit a record-high close of 9,742.76 on July 14 before taking a plunge that has continued through this week ... The Transport Stocks Are Getting Run Over And It's Unnerving, Jim Cramer Explains Boeing Developing Flight Controls, Electronics for Commercial, Military Planes....
Tokyo stocks rise in morning on Dow's advance, strong corporate earnings
Edit Xinhua 02 Aug 2017
TOKYO, Aug ... Iron and steel, electronic appliance and transportation equipment-linked issues comprised those that advanced the most by the morning break. ....
IDTechEx Research Releases a New Report on Battery Elimination in Electronics and Electrical Engineering
Edit Market Watch 02 Aug 2017
2, 2017 /PRNewswire/ -- The brand-new report from IDTechEx Research, Battery Elimination in Electronics and Electrical Engineering 2018-2028, explains why the elimination of batteries needs to happen, with batteries having serious limitations of cost, safety, performance and life ... Battery Elimination in Electronics and Electrical Engineering 2018-2028 is packed with new infograms, statistics and forecasts....
Baltimore shares recipe to keep cities fed in a crisis
Edit This is Money 02 Aug 2017
LONDON, Aug 2 (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Cities planning for weather disasters, pandemics or civil unrest need to take steps to support local farmers and protect key transport routes so as to secure food and water supplies in a crisis, experts said on Wednesday ... Transport links are vital to keep food systems running in a disaster, with most food ......
Spotlight: China's investments help least developed countries pursue brighter shared future
Edit Xinhua 02 Aug 2017
In South Africa, Hisense, a China-based home electronics manufacturer, has successfully integrated itself into the local business culture by greatly contributing to the local social economic development and creating hundreds of jobs ... Without convenient transportation, potable water, adequate power and reliable communication, the least developed countries cannot thrive....
The Explosive Detection Technologies Market Forecast 2017-2027
Edit Market Watch 02 Aug 2017
LONDON, Aug. 2, 2017 /PRNewswire/ -- Download the full report. https.//www.reportbuyer.com/product/5042243/. Report Details. Developments in explosive detection technologies have had a significant impact on the wider defence and security market ... Visiongain understands this market will be worth $4bn in 2017 ... • U.S. • Canada. • Brazil ... - Air Transport ... • Shenzhen Security Electronic Equipment Co ... • Kunshan Sanxun Electronics Technology Co., Ltd....
New research identifies mechanism behind exotic traits in crystalline semiconductor
Edit Xinhua 02 Aug 2017
The exotic traits, attributed by the researchers to what is called collective rattling effect and reported in a paper published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, could help reduce heat buildup in electronic devices and turbine engines, and possibly convert heat into electrical current ... They heated one of the islands and precisely measured how the nanowire transported heat to the other island....
Hyperloop One Goes Farther and Faster Achieving Historic Speeds
Edit Market Watch 02 Aug 2017
"This is the beginning, and the dawn of a new era of transportation," said Shervin Pishevar, Executive Chairman and Co-founder of Hyperloop One ... All components of the system were successfully tested, including the highly efficient electric motor, advanced controls and power electronics, custom magnetic levitation and guidance, pod suspension and vacuum system....
Solid State Lighting Market - Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast 2017 - 2025
Edit Community news 02 Aug 2017
By end-user, the solid state lighting market is segregated into conventional lighting, consumer electronics, automotive & transport, healthcare, media & entertainment and other type of end-user such as logistics & warehouses, defense, e-commerce, and other related industries. Request For Sample Report. http.//www.mrrse.com/sample/3193 ... Key players in the solid state lighting market are General Electric, Samsung Electronics Co ... Ltd ... Email....
House Ethics Committee drops complaint against NM’s Ben Ray Luján
Edit Albuquerque Journal 02 Aug 2017
Williams, an auto dealer, was accused of a conflict of interest in offering a 2015 amendment to a transportation bill that would have benefited auto dealers ... Williams on Tuesday stood by his decision to offer an amendment to a wide-ranging transportation bill that would have allowed auto dealers to rent out vehicles even if they’re subject to recall....
3 reasons to go cashless
Edit The Keene Sentinel 02 Aug 2017
Paper forms of currency are out and digital payments are in. The security and convenience of card based electronic payments and digital payments are driving a global shift away from cash ... All over the world, the shift toward cashless payments is well underway ... They include. ... Consumers and businesses alike benefit from the speed and convenience of electronic and digital payments ... Cash payments must be counted, stored and transported ... 15. ....
House ethics panel clears NM Democrat, Texas Republican
Edit Times Free Press 02 Aug 2017
Williams, an auto dealer, was accused of a conflict of interest in offering a 2015 amendment to a transportation bill that would have benefited auto dealers ... Williams on Tuesday stood by his decision to offer an amendment to a wide-ranging transportation bill that would have allowed auto dealers to rent out vehicles even if they're subject to recall....
House Ethics Panel Clears Texas Rep. Roger Williams
Edit CBS Sports 02 Aug 2017
Williams, an auto dealer, was accused of a conflict of interest in offering a 2015 amendment to a transportation bill that would have benefited auto dealers ... Williams on Tuesday stood by his decision to offer an amendment to a wide-ranging transportation bill that would have allowed auto dealers to rent out vehicles even if they’re subject to recall....
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