- published: 16 Jul 2017
- views: 517289
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Potato spindle tuber disease wasn't a life-or-death situation, but it led to the discovery of viroids: infectious, replicating bits of RNA
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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Sources:
https://www.ars.usda.gov/oc/timeline/viroid/
https://agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov/1999/dec/boon
http://www.apsnet.org/publications/apsnetfeatures/Pages/Viroids.aspx
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25455904
http://www.els.net/WileyCDA/ElsArticle/refId-a0000434.html
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01552/full
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000216.htm
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168827809000592
https://biologydirect.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13062-016-0116-7
http://www.pnas.org/content/86/23/9370.full.pdf
http://exploringorigins.org/ribozymes.html
http://mcmanuslab.ucsf.edu/node/246
https://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v1/n1/full/nrmicro736.html
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0042682271903424?via%3Dihub
https://www.apsnet.org/publications/PlantDisease/BackIssues/Documents/1984Articles/PlantDisease68n01_4.pdf
Microbiology lecture 27 | Prions and viroids - This microbiology lecture is going to talk about the virus like organisms like the prions and viroids. Here we explain the structure of prions and viroids in details. We have also talked about the properties of prions and viroids and why prions and viroids are not called viruses.we have also discussed about the difference between virus and viroid and virus and prions.
Stay tuned to know more about the virology lecture on prions and viroids.
Stay tuned to know more about -
What is prion
What is viroid
Difference between prion and viroid
Diseases caused by prions and viroids
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Thank you for watching the virology lecture on Prions and viroids.
- published: 15 May 2020
- views: 13258
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/cells/cellular-division/v/cell-cycle-phases?utm_source=YT&utm;_medium=Desc&utm;_campaign=mcat
Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/cells/viruses/v/retroviruses?utm_source=YT&utm;_medium=Desc&utm;_campaign=mcat
MCAT on Khan Academy: Go ahead and practice some passage-based questions!
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. We've also partnered with institutions like NASA, The Museum of Modern Art, The California Academy of Sciences, and MIT to offer specialized content.
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- published: 21 Jan 2015
- views: 93630
The channel is for Microbiology learners and enthusiast. On this Channel one can find terms and topics related to Microbiology. Purpose of making this Channel is to make and understand Microbiology easily. So read, learn, ask and contribute.
Follow Microbiology Easy Notes on
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- published: 19 Aug 2019
- views: 17759
Viroids, the smallest known pathogens, are naked, circular, single-stranded RNA molecules that do not encode protein yet replicate autonomously when introduced into host plants. Potato spindle tuber viroid, discovered in 1971, is the prototype; 29 other viroids have since been discovered ranging in length from 120 to 475 nucleotides. Viroids only infect plants; some cause economically important diseases of crop plants, while others appear to be benign. Two examples of economically important viroids are coconut cadang-cadang viroid.
The 30 known viroids have been classified in two families.
There is no evidence that viroids encode proteins or mRNA. Unlike viruses, which are parasites of host translation machinery, viroids are parasites of cellular transcription proteins: they depend on cellular RNA polymerase for replication. Such polymerases normally recognize DNA templates, but can copy viroid RNAs.
After replication, viroid progeny exit the nucleus or chloroplast and move to adjacent cells through plasmodesmata, and can travel systemically via the phloem to infect other cells. Viroids enter the pollen and ovule, from where they are transmitted to the seed. When the seed germinates, the new plant becomes infected. Viroids can also be transmitted among plants by contaminated farm machinery and insects.
Symptoms of viroid infection in plants include stunting of growth, deformation of leaves and fruit, stem necrosis, and death. Because viroids do not produce mRNAs, it was first proposed that disease must be a consequence of viroid RNA binding to host proteins or nucleic acids. The discovery of RNA silencing in plants lead to the hypothesis that small interfering RNAs derived from viroid RNAs guide silencing of host genes, leading to induction of disease. In support of this hypothesis, peach latent mosaic viroid small RNAs have been identified that silence chloroplast heat shock protein 90, which correlates with disease symptoms. The different disease patterns caused by viroids in their hosts might all have in common an origin in RNA silencing.
#ViroidInfections
#HowViroidsCauseInfection
- published: 25 Dec 2019
- views: 24954
This 5 minute video explains Virus vs Viroid
0:15 Definition and Similarities of Virus and Viroid
0:28 2 & 3 Genetic Material and size of Genome of Virus and Viroid
2:24 Replication of Virus and Viroid
3:41 Hosts and Examples of Virus and Viroid
For more:
https://www.majordifferences.com/2013/03/difference-between-virus-and-viroid.html
#biologyexams4uvideos #virusvsviroid #microbiology
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- published: 17 Aug 2020
- views: 1662
Difference between Viroid, Prion, Virusoid and Virus- Which is the smallest infectious agent known?
Learn more:
Virus Definition and Classification:
http://www.biologyexams4u.com/2015/10/viruses-definition-and-classification.html
Virus vs Viroid
http://www.majordifferences.com/2013/03/difference-between-virus-and-viroid.html
Viroids vs Prion
http://www.majordifferences.com/2014/11/difference-between-viroid-and-prion.html
Protein misfolding disease : Prion
http://www.biologyexams4u.com/2013/01/protein-folding-diseases.html
Viroid: http://www.biologyexams4u.com/2013/03/viroids.html
- published: 07 May 2017
- views: 23616
This Video describes the structure and general properties of Viroids.
It useful for the students in Microbiology at Undergraduate Level.
- published: 21 Jul 2020
- views: 2460
FCP headed up to Carpinteria to sit down with Glass House Farms, a 3 acre commercial greenhouse flowering operation, and Dark Heart Nursery, a cannabis nursery and tissue culture lab to talk about Hop Latent Viroid / Fusarium Dudding.
What are the symptoms, how is it transmitted within a plant and between plants, how to combat it, and how cultivators have to come together to play team defense, like London managing a bubonic plague outbreak.
Speakers:
Graham Farrar, Founder, Glass House Farms
Jason Downs, Lead Cultivator, Glass House Farms
Chey Moseman, Processing Manager, Glass House Farms
Jeremy Warren PhD, Director of Plant Health, Dark Heart Nursery
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- published: 01 Aug 2019
- views: 22241
Learn about #viroid, #virus like otganism , their characters, #replication and #transmission.
virus like organism
structure of virod
replication of virod
plant virod
viroid disease
● Course title – Fundamentals of Plant pathology
● Course code – APP5121
#viruslikeorganism
#structureofvirod
#replicationofvirod
#plantvirod
#viroiddisease
● To download PDF notes and to join my Telegram channel click the link below -
https://t.me/dr_agriculturist
● To go to e-Course by ICAR (click the link)
http://eagri.org/
● you should read these important books to get complete and clear pictures of plant diseases
1. Plant Pathology by G N Agriose (Click the link to get the books)
https://amzn.to/3sxjAph
OR
https://bit.ly/39j0nQz
2. Plant Pathology by R S Mehrotra and A Aggarwal (Click the link to get the books)
https://amzn.to/3u2weNG
OR
https://bit.ly/3cuVSVm
3. Plant Disease by R S Singh (Click the link to get the books)
https://amzn.to/3w6xotf
4. Diseases of crop plant in India by G Rangaswami and A Mahadevan (Click the link to get the books)
https://amzn.to/3rDGxpT
5. Fundamentals of Plant Pathology by R S Mehrotra and A Aggarwal (Click the link to get the books)
https://amzn.to/3rszOi7
6. Introduction to Principles of Plant Pathology by R S Singh
https://amzn.to/31uKVMU
To download QR Code scanner for android click the link
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● We mainly Focused on diseases mentioned in ICAR- fifth dean committee UG-BSc syllabus
L1 - Introduction: Importance of plant diseases, scope and objectives of Plant Pathology.
L2 - History of Plant Pathology with special reference to Indian work.
L3 - Terms and concepts in Plant Pathology. Causes and factors affecting disease development: Disease triangle and tetrahedron
L4 - classification of plant diseases.
L5 - Important plant pathogenic organisms (different groups): fungi (Fungi: General characters, definition of fungus, somatic structures, types of fungal thalli, fungal tissues, modifications of thallus, General characters, definition of fungus, reproduction (asexual and sexual))
L6 - Important plant pathogenic organisms (different groups): bacteria (Bacteria and mollicutes: General morphological characters)
L7 - Important plant pathogenic organisms (different groups): phytoplasma, spiroplasma
L8 - Important plant pathogenic organisms (different groups): viruses, viroids (Viruses: Nature, Structure, multiplication / replication, definition and their transmission)
L9 - Important plant pathogenic organisms (different groups): algae, protozoa and phanerogamic plant parasites with example of diseases caused by them.
L10 - Diseases and symptoms due to abiotic causes.
L11 - Nomenclature, Binomial system of nomenclature, rules of nomenclature
L12 - Classification of fungi. Key to divisions, sub-divisions, orders and classes.
L13 - Basic methods of classification and reproduction in Bacteria.
L14 - Nematode, general morphology and reproduction, symptom of damage caused by nematodes.
L15 - Liberation, dispersal and survival of plant pathogens.
L16 - Pathogenesis, role of enzyme, toxin and growth regulator in disease development.
L17 - Defense mechanism in plants.
L18 - Epidemiology: factor affecting disease development.
L19 - Method of pesticide application and their safe use.
L20 - Nature, classification of fungicide and antibiotic.
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- published: 15 Mar 2021
- views: 188
developed with YouTube
Viroid
Viroids are among the smallest infectious pathogens known, larger only than prions, which are misfolded proteins. Viroids solely consist of short strands of circular, single-stranded RNA without protein coats. They are mostly plant pathogens, some of which are of economic importance. Viroid genomes are extremely small in size, ranging from 246 to 467 nucleobases. In comparison, the genome of the smallest known viruses capable of causing an infection by themselves are around 2,000 nucleobases in size. The human pathogen hepatitis D virus is a defective RNA virus similar to viroids.
Viroids, the first known representatives of a new domain of "sub-viral pathogens", were discovered, initially characterized, and named by Theodor Otto Diener, plant pathologist at the U.S Department of Agriculture's Research Center in Beltsville, Maryland, in 1971. The first viroid to be identified was Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd). Some 33 species have been identified.
Viroids do not code for any protein. Viroid's replication mechanism uses RNA polymerase II, a host cell enzyme normally associated with synthesis of messenger RNA from DNA, which instead catalyzes "rolling circle" synthesis of new RNA using the viroid's RNA as template. Some viroids are ribozymes, having catalytic properties which allow self-cleavage and ligation of unit-size genomes from larger replication intermediates.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Viroid
-
Viroids: Possibly the Smallest Pathogens on Earth
Potato spindle tuber disease wasn't a life-or-death situation, but it led to the discovery of viroids: infectious, replicating bits of RNA Hosted by: Michael Aranda ---------- Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow ---------- Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters—Alexander Wadsworth, Kevin Bealer, Mark Terrio-Cameron, KatieMarie Magnone, Patrick Merrithew, Charles Southerland, Fatima Iqbal, Sultan Alkhulaifi, Tim Curwick, Scott Satovsky Jr, Philippe von Bergen, Bella Nash, Chris Peters, Patrick D. Ashmore, Piya Shedden, Charles George ---------- Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet? Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com Instagram: http://instag...
published: 16 Jul 2017 -
Prions and viroids
Microbiology lecture 27 | Prions and viroids - This microbiology lecture is going to talk about the virus like organisms like the prions and viroids. Here we explain the structure of prions and viroids in details. We have also talked about the properties of prions and viroids and why prions and viroids are not called viruses.we have also discussed about the difference between virus and viroid and virus and prions. Stay tuned to know more about the virology lecture on prions and viroids. Stay tuned to know more about - What is prion What is viroid Difference between prion and viroid Diseases caused by prions and viroids For more information, log on to- http://www.shomusbiology.com/ Get Shomu's Biology DVD set here- http://www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store/ Download the study materials her...
published: 15 May 2020 -
Subviral particles: viroids and prions | Cells | MCAT | Khan Academy
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/cells/cellular-division/v/cell-cycle-phases?utm_source=YT&utm;_medium=Desc&utm;_campaign=mcat Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/cells/viruses/v/retroviruses?utm_source=YT&utm;_medium=Desc&utm;_campaign=mcat MCAT on Khan Academy: Go ahead and practice some passage-based questions! About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies st...
published: 21 Jan 2015 -
Difference among virus, virion, viroids, virusoids and prions
The channel is for Microbiology learners and enthusiast. On this Channel one can find terms and topics related to Microbiology. Purpose of making this Channel is to make and understand Microbiology easily. So read, learn, ask and contribute. Follow Microbiology Easy Notes on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/Microbiology.EN/ Twitter https://twitter.com/MicrobiologyEa1
published: 19 Aug 2019 -
Viroids | The smallest Pathogens | Diseases, symptoms, transmission and prevention
Viroids, the smallest known pathogens, are naked, circular, single-stranded RNA molecules that do not encode protein yet replicate autonomously when introduced into host plants. Potato spindle tuber viroid, discovered in 1971, is the prototype; 29 other viroids have since been discovered ranging in length from 120 to 475 nucleotides. Viroids only infect plants; some cause economically important diseases of crop plants, while others appear to be benign. Two examples of economically important viroids are coconut cadang-cadang viroid. The 30 known viroids have been classified in two families. There is no evidence that viroids encode proteins or mRNA. Unlike viruses, which are parasites of host translation machinery, viroids are parasites of cellular transcription proteins: they depend on cell...
published: 25 Dec 2019 -
5 Differences between Virus and Viroid | Virus vs Viroids| BiologyExams4u |
This 5 minute video explains Virus vs Viroid 0:15 Definition and Similarities of Virus and Viroid 0:28 2 & 3 Genetic Material and size of Genome of Virus and Viroid 2:24 Replication of Virus and Viroid 3:41 Hosts and Examples of Virus and Viroid For more: https://www.majordifferences.com/2013/03/difference-between-virus-and-viroid.html #biologyexams4uvideos #virusvsviroid #microbiology Biologyexams4u network is one of the leading biology learning network with number of websites providing free biology learning resources to students as well as teachers. We firmly believe that 'sharing is caring' and promote free quality education all around the globe. Thank you so much for your consistent support. Visit our Websites *About Biology Exams, Preparation tips and Notes: https://www.biologyexam...
published: 17 Aug 2020 -
Viroid, Prion, Virusoid and Virus-Differences
Difference between Viroid, Prion, Virusoid and Virus- Which is the smallest infectious agent known? Learn more: Virus Definition and Classification: http://www.biologyexams4u.com/2015/10/viruses-definition-and-classification.html Virus vs Viroid http://www.majordifferences.com/2013/03/difference-between-virus-and-viroid.html Viroids vs Prion http://www.majordifferences.com/2014/11/difference-between-viroid-and-prion.html Protein misfolding disease : Prion http://www.biologyexams4u.com/2013/01/protein-folding-diseases.html Viroid: http://www.biologyexams4u.com/2013/03/viroids.html
published: 07 May 2017 -
Viroids
This Video describes the structure and general properties of Viroids. It useful for the students in Microbiology at Undergraduate Level.
published: 21 Jul 2020 -
Hop Latent Viroid
FCP headed up to Carpinteria to sit down with Glass House Farms, a 3 acre commercial greenhouse flowering operation, and Dark Heart Nursery, a cannabis nursery and tissue culture lab to talk about Hop Latent Viroid / Fusarium Dudding. What are the symptoms, how is it transmitted within a plant and between plants, how to combat it, and how cultivators have to come together to play team defense, like London managing a bubonic plague outbreak. Speakers: Graham Farrar, Founder, Glass House Farms Jason Downs, Lead Cultivator, Glass House Farms Chey Moseman, Processing Manager, Glass House Farms Jeremy Warren PhD, Director of Plant Health, Dark Heart Nursery THANKS TO OUR SUPPORTERS Boveda - https://bovedainc.com/store/herbal/ Global Garden - https://www.globalgarden.co/ Simplify - https://w...
published: 01 Aug 2019 -
#viroid | #virus like organism | #structure of virod
Learn about #viroid, #virus like otganism , their characters, #replication and #transmission. virus like organism structure of virod replication of virod plant virod viroid disease ● Course title – Fundamentals of Plant pathology ● Course code – APP5121 #viruslikeorganism #structureofvirod #replicationofvirod #plantvirod #viroiddisease ● To download PDF notes and to join my Telegram channel click the link below - https://t.me/dr_agriculturist ● To go to e-Course by ICAR (click the link) http://eagri.org/ ● you should read these important books to get complete and clear pictures of plant diseases 1. Plant Pathology by G N Agriose (Click the link to get the books) https://amzn.to/3sxjAph OR https://bit.ly/39j0nQz 2. Plant Pathology by R S Mehrotra and A Aggarwal (Click the link to ...
published: 15 Mar 2021
developed with YouTube
4:14
Viroids: Possibly the Smallest Pathogens on Earth
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:14
- Uploaded Date: 16 Jul 2017
- views: 517289
Potato spindle tuber disease wasn't a life-or-death situation, but it led to the discovery of viroids: infectious, replicating bits of RNA
Hosted by: Michael A...
Potato spindle tuber disease wasn't a life-or-death situation, but it led to the discovery of viroids: infectious, replicating bits of RNA
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
----------
Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
----------
Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters—Alexander Wadsworth, Kevin Bealer, Mark Terrio-Cameron, KatieMarie Magnone, Patrick Merrithew, Charles Southerland, Fatima Iqbal, Sultan Alkhulaifi, Tim Curwick, Scott Satovsky Jr, Philippe von Bergen, Bella Nash, Chris Peters, Patrick D. Ashmore, Piya Shedden, Charles George
----------
Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow
Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com
Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow
----------
Sources:
https://www.ars.usda.gov/oc/timeline/viroid/
https://agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov/1999/dec/boon
http://www.apsnet.org/publications/apsnetfeatures/Pages/Viroids.aspx
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25455904
http://www.els.net/WileyCDA/ElsArticle/refId-a0000434.html
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01552/full
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000216.htm
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168827809000592
https://biologydirect.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13062-016-0116-7
http://www.pnas.org/content/86/23/9370.full.pdf
http://exploringorigins.org/ribozymes.html
http://mcmanuslab.ucsf.edu/node/246
https://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v1/n1/full/nrmicro736.html
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0042682271903424?via%3Dihub
https://www.apsnet.org/publications/PlantDisease/BackIssues/Documents/1984Articles/PlantDisease68n01_4.pdf
https://wn.com/Viroids_Possibly_The_Smallest_Pathogens_On_Earth
Potato spindle tuber disease wasn't a life-or-death situation, but it led to the discovery of viroids: infectious, replicating bits of RNA
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
----------
Support SciShow by becoming a patron on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/scishow
----------
Dooblydoo thanks go to the following Patreon supporters—Alexander Wadsworth, Kevin Bealer, Mark Terrio-Cameron, KatieMarie Magnone, Patrick Merrithew, Charles Southerland, Fatima Iqbal, Sultan Alkhulaifi, Tim Curwick, Scott Satovsky Jr, Philippe von Bergen, Bella Nash, Chris Peters, Patrick D. Ashmore, Piya Shedden, Charles George
----------
Looking for SciShow elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/scishow
Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/scishow
Tumblr: http://scishow.tumblr.com
Instagram: http://instagram.com/thescishow
----------
Sources:
https://www.ars.usda.gov/oc/timeline/viroid/
https://agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov/1999/dec/boon
http://www.apsnet.org/publications/apsnetfeatures/Pages/Viroids.aspx
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25455904
http://www.els.net/WileyCDA/ElsArticle/refId-a0000434.html
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01552/full
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000216.htm
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168827809000592
https://biologydirect.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13062-016-0116-7
http://www.pnas.org/content/86/23/9370.full.pdf
http://exploringorigins.org/ribozymes.html
http://mcmanuslab.ucsf.edu/node/246
https://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v1/n1/full/nrmicro736.html
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0042682271903424?via%3Dihub
https://www.apsnet.org/publications/PlantDisease/BackIssues/Documents/1984Articles/PlantDisease68n01_4.pdf
- published: 16 Jul 2017
- views: 517289
8:29
Prions and viroids
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:29
- Uploaded Date: 15 May 2020
- views: 13258
Microbiology lecture 27 | Prions and viroids - This microbiology lecture is going to talk about the virus like organisms like the prions and viroids. Here we ex...
Microbiology lecture 27 | Prions and viroids - This microbiology lecture is going to talk about the virus like organisms like the prions and viroids. Here we explain the structure of prions and viroids in details. We have also talked about the properties of prions and viroids and why prions and viroids are not called viruses.we have also discussed about the difference between virus and viroid and virus and prions.
Stay tuned to know more about the virology lecture on prions and viroids.
Stay tuned to know more about -
What is prion
What is viroid
Difference between prion and viroid
Diseases caused by prions and viroids
For more information, log on to-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/
Get Shomu's Biology DVD set here-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store/
Download the study materials here-
http://shomusbiology.com/bio-materials.html
Remember Shomu’s Biology is created to spread the knowledge of life science and biology by sharing all this free biology lectures video and animation presented by Suman Bhattacharjee in YouTube. All these tutorials are brought to you for free. Please subscribe to our channel so that we can grow together. You can check for any of the following services from Shomu’s Biology-
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Thank you for watching the virology lecture on Prions and viroids.
https://wn.com/Prions_And_Viroids
Microbiology lecture 27 | Prions and viroids - This microbiology lecture is going to talk about the virus like organisms like the prions and viroids. Here we explain the structure of prions and viroids in details. We have also talked about the properties of prions and viroids and why prions and viroids are not called viruses.we have also discussed about the difference between virus and viroid and virus and prions.
Stay tuned to know more about the virology lecture on prions and viroids.
Stay tuned to know more about -
What is prion
What is viroid
Difference between prion and viroid
Diseases caused by prions and viroids
For more information, log on to-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/
Get Shomu's Biology DVD set here-
http://www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store/
Download the study materials here-
http://shomusbiology.com/bio-materials.html
Remember Shomu’s Biology is created to spread the knowledge of life science and biology by sharing all this free biology lectures video and animation presented by Suman Bhattacharjee in YouTube. All these tutorials are brought to you for free. Please subscribe to our channel so that we can grow together. You can check for any of the following services from Shomu’s Biology-
Buy Shomu’s Biology lecture DVD set- www.shomusbiology.com/dvd-store
Shomu’s Biology assignment services – www.shomusbiology.com/assignment -help
Join Online coaching for CSIR NET exam – www.shomusbiology.com/net-coaching
We are social. Find us on different sites here-
Our Website – www.shomusbiology.com
Facebook page- https://www.facebook.com/ShomusBiology/
Twitter - https://twitter.com/shomusbiology
SlideShare- www.slideshare.net/shomusbiology
Google plus- https://plus.google.com/113648584982732129198
LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/suman-bhattacharjee-2a051661
Youtube- https://www.youtube.com/user/TheFunsuman
Thank you for watching the virology lecture on Prions and viroids.
- published: 15 May 2020
- views: 13258
5:01
Subviral particles: viroids and prions | Cells | MCAT | Khan Academy
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:01
- Uploaded Date: 21 Jan 2015
- views: 93630
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/cells/cellular-division/v/cell-cycle-phases?utm_source=YT&utm;_medium=Desc&utm;_campaign=mcat
M...
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/cells/cellular-division/v/cell-cycle-phases?utm_source=YT&utm;_medium=Desc&utm;_campaign=mcat
Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/cells/viruses/v/retroviruses?utm_source=YT&utm;_medium=Desc&utm;_campaign=mcat
MCAT on Khan Academy: Go ahead and practice some passage-based questions!
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. We've also partnered with institutions like NASA, The Museum of Modern Art, The California Academy of Sciences, and MIT to offer specialized content.
For free. For everyone. Forever. #YouCanLearnAnything
Subscribe to Khan Academy’s MCAT channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDkK5wqSuwDlJ3_nl3rgdiQ?sub_confirmation=1
Subscribe to Khan Academy: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=khanacademy
https://wn.com/Subviral_Particles_Viroids_And_Prions_|_Cells_|_Mcat_|_Khan_Academy
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/cells/cellular-division/v/cell-cycle-phases?utm_source=YT&utm;_medium=Desc&utm;_campaign=mcat
Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/cells/viruses/v/retroviruses?utm_source=YT&utm;_medium=Desc&utm;_campaign=mcat
MCAT on Khan Academy: Go ahead and practice some passage-based questions!
About Khan Academy: Khan Academy offers practice exercises, instructional videos, and a personalized learning dashboard that empower learners to study at their own pace in and outside of the classroom. We tackle math, science, computer programming, history, art history, economics, and more. Our math missions guide learners from kindergarten to calculus using state-of-the-art, adaptive technology that identifies strengths and learning gaps. We've also partnered with institutions like NASA, The Museum of Modern Art, The California Academy of Sciences, and MIT to offer specialized content.
For free. For everyone. Forever. #YouCanLearnAnything
Subscribe to Khan Academy’s MCAT channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDkK5wqSuwDlJ3_nl3rgdiQ?sub_confirmation=1
Subscribe to Khan Academy: https://www.youtube.com/subscription_center?add_user=khanacademy
- published: 21 Jan 2015
- views: 93630
2:06
Difference among virus, virion, viroids, virusoids and prions
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:06
- Uploaded Date: 19 Aug 2019
- views: 17759
The channel is for Microbiology learners and enthusiast. On this Channel one can find terms and topics related to Microbiology. Purpose of making this Channel i...
The channel is for Microbiology learners and enthusiast. On this Channel one can find terms and topics related to Microbiology. Purpose of making this Channel is to make and understand Microbiology easily. So read, learn, ask and contribute.
Follow Microbiology Easy Notes on
Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/Microbiology.EN/
Twitter
https://twitter.com/MicrobiologyEa1
https://wn.com/Difference_Among_Virus,_Virion,_Viroids,_Virusoids_And_Prions
The channel is for Microbiology learners and enthusiast. On this Channel one can find terms and topics related to Microbiology. Purpose of making this Channel is to make and understand Microbiology easily. So read, learn, ask and contribute.
Follow Microbiology Easy Notes on
Facebook
https://www.facebook.com/Microbiology.EN/
Twitter
https://twitter.com/MicrobiologyEa1
- published: 19 Aug 2019
- views: 17759
10:27
Viroids | The smallest Pathogens | Diseases, symptoms, transmission and prevention
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:27
- Uploaded Date: 25 Dec 2019
- views: 24954
Viroids, the smallest known pathogens, are naked, circular, single-stranded RNA molecules that do not encode protein yet replicate autonomously when introduced ...
Viroids, the smallest known pathogens, are naked, circular, single-stranded RNA molecules that do not encode protein yet replicate autonomously when introduced into host plants. Potato spindle tuber viroid, discovered in 1971, is the prototype; 29 other viroids have since been discovered ranging in length from 120 to 475 nucleotides. Viroids only infect plants; some cause economically important diseases of crop plants, while others appear to be benign. Two examples of economically important viroids are coconut cadang-cadang viroid.
The 30 known viroids have been classified in two families.
There is no evidence that viroids encode proteins or mRNA. Unlike viruses, which are parasites of host translation machinery, viroids are parasites of cellular transcription proteins: they depend on cellular RNA polymerase for replication. Such polymerases normally recognize DNA templates, but can copy viroid RNAs.
After replication, viroid progeny exit the nucleus or chloroplast and move to adjacent cells through plasmodesmata, and can travel systemically via the phloem to infect other cells. Viroids enter the pollen and ovule, from where they are transmitted to the seed. When the seed germinates, the new plant becomes infected. Viroids can also be transmitted among plants by contaminated farm machinery and insects.
Symptoms of viroid infection in plants include stunting of growth, deformation of leaves and fruit, stem necrosis, and death. Because viroids do not produce mRNAs, it was first proposed that disease must be a consequence of viroid RNA binding to host proteins or nucleic acids. The discovery of RNA silencing in plants lead to the hypothesis that small interfering RNAs derived from viroid RNAs guide silencing of host genes, leading to induction of disease. In support of this hypothesis, peach latent mosaic viroid small RNAs have been identified that silence chloroplast heat shock protein 90, which correlates with disease symptoms. The different disease patterns caused by viroids in their hosts might all have in common an origin in RNA silencing.
#ViroidInfections
#HowViroidsCauseInfection
https://wn.com/Viroids_|_The_Smallest_Pathogens_|_Diseases,_Symptoms,_Transmission_And_Prevention
Viroids, the smallest known pathogens, are naked, circular, single-stranded RNA molecules that do not encode protein yet replicate autonomously when introduced into host plants. Potato spindle tuber viroid, discovered in 1971, is the prototype; 29 other viroids have since been discovered ranging in length from 120 to 475 nucleotides. Viroids only infect plants; some cause economically important diseases of crop plants, while others appear to be benign. Two examples of economically important viroids are coconut cadang-cadang viroid.
The 30 known viroids have been classified in two families.
There is no evidence that viroids encode proteins or mRNA. Unlike viruses, which are parasites of host translation machinery, viroids are parasites of cellular transcription proteins: they depend on cellular RNA polymerase for replication. Such polymerases normally recognize DNA templates, but can copy viroid RNAs.
After replication, viroid progeny exit the nucleus or chloroplast and move to adjacent cells through plasmodesmata, and can travel systemically via the phloem to infect other cells. Viroids enter the pollen and ovule, from where they are transmitted to the seed. When the seed germinates, the new plant becomes infected. Viroids can also be transmitted among plants by contaminated farm machinery and insects.
Symptoms of viroid infection in plants include stunting of growth, deformation of leaves and fruit, stem necrosis, and death. Because viroids do not produce mRNAs, it was first proposed that disease must be a consequence of viroid RNA binding to host proteins or nucleic acids. The discovery of RNA silencing in plants lead to the hypothesis that small interfering RNAs derived from viroid RNAs guide silencing of host genes, leading to induction of disease. In support of this hypothesis, peach latent mosaic viroid small RNAs have been identified that silence chloroplast heat shock protein 90, which correlates with disease symptoms. The different disease patterns caused by viroids in their hosts might all have in common an origin in RNA silencing.
#ViroidInfections
#HowViroidsCauseInfection
- published: 25 Dec 2019
- views: 24954
4:39
5 Differences between Virus and Viroid | Virus vs Viroids| BiologyExams4u |
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:39
- Uploaded Date: 17 Aug 2020
- views: 1662
This 5 minute video explains Virus vs Viroid
0:15 Definition and Similarities of Virus and Viroid
0:28 2 & 3 Genetic Material and size of Genome of Virus and Vi...
This 5 minute video explains Virus vs Viroid
0:15 Definition and Similarities of Virus and Viroid
0:28 2 & 3 Genetic Material and size of Genome of Virus and Viroid
2:24 Replication of Virus and Viroid
3:41 Hosts and Examples of Virus and Viroid
For more:
https://www.majordifferences.com/2013/03/difference-between-virus-and-viroid.html
#biologyexams4uvideos #virusvsviroid #microbiology
Biologyexams4u network is one of the leading biology learning network with number of websites providing free biology learning resources to students as well as teachers. We firmly believe that 'sharing is caring' and promote free quality education all around the globe. Thank you so much for your consistent support.
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*About Biology Exams, Preparation tips and Notes: https://www.biologyexams4u.com/
*MCQ in biology: Wide collection on Multiple Choice in Biology
https://www.mcqbiology.com/
*Interactive Biology Quiz
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*Difference between reference site primarily focused on biology
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Thank you so much
https://wn.com/5_Differences_Between_Virus_And_Viroid_|_Virus_Vs_Viroids|_Biologyexams4U_|
This 5 minute video explains Virus vs Viroid
0:15 Definition and Similarities of Virus and Viroid
0:28 2 & 3 Genetic Material and size of Genome of Virus and Viroid
2:24 Replication of Virus and Viroid
3:41 Hosts and Examples of Virus and Viroid
For more:
https://www.majordifferences.com/2013/03/difference-between-virus-and-viroid.html
#biologyexams4uvideos #virusvsviroid #microbiology
Biologyexams4u network is one of the leading biology learning network with number of websites providing free biology learning resources to students as well as teachers. We firmly believe that 'sharing is caring' and promote free quality education all around the globe. Thank you so much for your consistent support.
Visit our Websites
*About Biology Exams, Preparation tips and Notes: https://www.biologyexams4u.com/
*MCQ in biology: Wide collection on Multiple Choice in Biology
https://www.mcqbiology.com/
*Interactive Biology Quiz
https://www.quizbiology.com/
*Difference between reference site primarily focused on biology
https://www.majordifferences.com/
Examples of everything
https://www.examplesof.net/
https://www.facebook.com/biologyexams4u/
https://twitter.com/biologyexams4u?lang=en
https://www.pinterest.com/biology4u/
Thank you so much
- published: 17 Aug 2020
- views: 1662
4:19
Viroid, Prion, Virusoid and Virus-Differences
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Uploaded Date: 07 May 2017
- views: 23616
Difference between Viroid, Prion, Virusoid and Virus- Which is the smallest infectious agent known?
Learn more:
Virus Definition and Classification:
http://ww...
Difference between Viroid, Prion, Virusoid and Virus- Which is the smallest infectious agent known?
Learn more:
Virus Definition and Classification:
http://www.biologyexams4u.com/2015/10/viruses-definition-and-classification.html
Virus vs Viroid
http://www.majordifferences.com/2013/03/difference-between-virus-and-viroid.html
Viroids vs Prion
http://www.majordifferences.com/2014/11/difference-between-viroid-and-prion.html
Protein misfolding disease : Prion
http://www.biologyexams4u.com/2013/01/protein-folding-diseases.html
Viroid: http://www.biologyexams4u.com/2013/03/viroids.html
https://wn.com/Viroid,_Prion,_Virusoid_And_Virus_Differences
Difference between Viroid, Prion, Virusoid and Virus- Which is the smallest infectious agent known?
Learn more:
Virus Definition and Classification:
http://www.biologyexams4u.com/2015/10/viruses-definition-and-classification.html
Virus vs Viroid
http://www.majordifferences.com/2013/03/difference-between-virus-and-viroid.html
Viroids vs Prion
http://www.majordifferences.com/2014/11/difference-between-viroid-and-prion.html
Protein misfolding disease : Prion
http://www.biologyexams4u.com/2013/01/protein-folding-diseases.html
Viroid: http://www.biologyexams4u.com/2013/03/viroids.html
- published: 07 May 2017
- views: 23616
9:04
Viroids
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:04
- Uploaded Date: 21 Jul 2020
- views: 2460
This Video describes the structure and general properties of Viroids.
It useful for the students in Microbiology at Undergraduate Level.
This Video describes the structure and general properties of Viroids.
It useful for the students in Microbiology at Undergraduate Level.
https://wn.com/Viroids
This Video describes the structure and general properties of Viroids.
It useful for the students in Microbiology at Undergraduate Level.
- published: 21 Jul 2020
- views: 2460
26:12
Hop Latent Viroid
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 26:12
- Uploaded Date: 01 Aug 2019
- views: 22241
FCP headed up to Carpinteria to sit down with Glass House Farms, a 3 acre commercial greenhouse flowering operation, and Dark Heart Nursery, a cannabis nursery ...
FCP headed up to Carpinteria to sit down with Glass House Farms, a 3 acre commercial greenhouse flowering operation, and Dark Heart Nursery, a cannabis nursery and tissue culture lab to talk about Hop Latent Viroid / Fusarium Dudding.
What are the symptoms, how is it transmitted within a plant and between plants, how to combat it, and how cultivators have to come together to play team defense, like London managing a bubonic plague outbreak.
Speakers:
Graham Farrar, Founder, Glass House Farms
Jason Downs, Lead Cultivator, Glass House Farms
Chey Moseman, Processing Manager, Glass House Farms
Jeremy Warren PhD, Director of Plant Health, Dark Heart Nursery
THANKS TO OUR SUPPORTERS
Boveda - https://bovedainc.com/store/herbal/
Global Garden - https://www.globalgarden.co/
Simplify - https://www.simplifya.com/
Linx Kiosk - http://www.linxkiosk.com/
MMLG - https://mmlg.com/
Clark Neubert - http://greenfrontier.com/
CannaRegs - https://www.cannaregs.com/
Green Bits - https://www.greenbits.com/
https://wn.com/Hop_Latent_Viroid
FCP headed up to Carpinteria to sit down with Glass House Farms, a 3 acre commercial greenhouse flowering operation, and Dark Heart Nursery, a cannabis nursery and tissue culture lab to talk about Hop Latent Viroid / Fusarium Dudding.
What are the symptoms, how is it transmitted within a plant and between plants, how to combat it, and how cultivators have to come together to play team defense, like London managing a bubonic plague outbreak.
Speakers:
Graham Farrar, Founder, Glass House Farms
Jason Downs, Lead Cultivator, Glass House Farms
Chey Moseman, Processing Manager, Glass House Farms
Jeremy Warren PhD, Director of Plant Health, Dark Heart Nursery
THANKS TO OUR SUPPORTERS
Boveda - https://bovedainc.com/store/herbal/
Global Garden - https://www.globalgarden.co/
Simplify - https://www.simplifya.com/
Linx Kiosk - http://www.linxkiosk.com/
MMLG - https://mmlg.com/
Clark Neubert - http://greenfrontier.com/
CannaRegs - https://www.cannaregs.com/
Green Bits - https://www.greenbits.com/
- published: 01 Aug 2019
- views: 22241
6:06
#viroid | #virus like organism | #structure of virod
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:06
- Uploaded Date: 15 Mar 2021
- views: 188
Learn about #viroid, #virus like otganism , their characters, #replication and #transmission.
virus like organism
structure of virod
replication of virod
plan...
Learn about #viroid, #virus like otganism , their characters, #replication and #transmission.
virus like organism
structure of virod
replication of virod
plant virod
viroid disease
● Course title – Fundamentals of Plant pathology
● Course code – APP5121
#viruslikeorganism
#structureofvirod
#replicationofvirod
#plantvirod
#viroiddisease
● To download PDF notes and to join my Telegram channel click the link below -
https://t.me/dr_agriculturist
● To go to e-Course by ICAR (click the link)
http://eagri.org/
● you should read these important books to get complete and clear pictures of plant diseases
1. Plant Pathology by G N Agriose (Click the link to get the books)
https://amzn.to/3sxjAph
OR
https://bit.ly/39j0nQz
2. Plant Pathology by R S Mehrotra and A Aggarwal (Click the link to get the books)
https://amzn.to/3u2weNG
OR
https://bit.ly/3cuVSVm
3. Plant Disease by R S Singh (Click the link to get the books)
https://amzn.to/3w6xotf
4. Diseases of crop plant in India by G Rangaswami and A Mahadevan (Click the link to get the books)
https://amzn.to/3rDGxpT
5. Fundamentals of Plant Pathology by R S Mehrotra and A Aggarwal (Click the link to get the books)
https://amzn.to/3rszOi7
6. Introduction to Principles of Plant Pathology by R S Singh
https://amzn.to/31uKVMU
To download QR Code scanner for android click the link
https://bit.ly/3sud9Du
● We mainly Focused on diseases mentioned in ICAR- fifth dean committee UG-BSc syllabus
L1 - Introduction: Importance of plant diseases, scope and objectives of Plant Pathology.
L2 - History of Plant Pathology with special reference to Indian work.
L3 - Terms and concepts in Plant Pathology. Causes and factors affecting disease development: Disease triangle and tetrahedron
L4 - classification of plant diseases.
L5 - Important plant pathogenic organisms (different groups): fungi (Fungi: General characters, definition of fungus, somatic structures, types of fungal thalli, fungal tissues, modifications of thallus, General characters, definition of fungus, reproduction (asexual and sexual))
L6 - Important plant pathogenic organisms (different groups): bacteria (Bacteria and mollicutes: General morphological characters)
L7 - Important plant pathogenic organisms (different groups): phytoplasma, spiroplasma
L8 - Important plant pathogenic organisms (different groups): viruses, viroids (Viruses: Nature, Structure, multiplication / replication, definition and their transmission)
L9 - Important plant pathogenic organisms (different groups): algae, protozoa and phanerogamic plant parasites with example of diseases caused by them.
L10 - Diseases and symptoms due to abiotic causes.
L11 - Nomenclature, Binomial system of nomenclature, rules of nomenclature
L12 - Classification of fungi. Key to divisions, sub-divisions, orders and classes.
L13 - Basic methods of classification and reproduction in Bacteria.
L14 - Nematode, general morphology and reproduction, symptom of damage caused by nematodes.
L15 - Liberation, dispersal and survival of plant pathogens.
L16 - Pathogenesis, role of enzyme, toxin and growth regulator in disease development.
L17 - Defense mechanism in plants.
L18 - Epidemiology: factor affecting disease development.
L19 - Method of pesticide application and their safe use.
L20 - Nature, classification of fungicide and antibiotic.
Fallow Us -
Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100030183221453
Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/dr.agriculturist/
Facebook Page ( खेती की जानकारी ) - https://www.facebook.com/dr.agriculturist
Stay tuned to channel Dr. Agriculturist for more updates.
Thanks and regards
#Agriculture
#Botany
#Forestry
#BSc
#MSc
https://wn.com/Viroid_|_Virus_Like_Organism_|_Structure_Of_Virod
Learn about #viroid, #virus like otganism , their characters, #replication and #transmission.
virus like organism
structure of virod
replication of virod
plant virod
viroid disease
● Course title – Fundamentals of Plant pathology
● Course code – APP5121
#viruslikeorganism
#structureofvirod
#replicationofvirod
#plantvirod
#viroiddisease
● To download PDF notes and to join my Telegram channel click the link below -
https://t.me/dr_agriculturist
● To go to e-Course by ICAR (click the link)
http://eagri.org/
● you should read these important books to get complete and clear pictures of plant diseases
1. Plant Pathology by G N Agriose (Click the link to get the books)
https://amzn.to/3sxjAph
OR
https://bit.ly/39j0nQz
2. Plant Pathology by R S Mehrotra and A Aggarwal (Click the link to get the books)
https://amzn.to/3u2weNG
OR
https://bit.ly/3cuVSVm
3. Plant Disease by R S Singh (Click the link to get the books)
https://amzn.to/3w6xotf
4. Diseases of crop plant in India by G Rangaswami and A Mahadevan (Click the link to get the books)
https://amzn.to/3rDGxpT
5. Fundamentals of Plant Pathology by R S Mehrotra and A Aggarwal (Click the link to get the books)
https://amzn.to/3rszOi7
6. Introduction to Principles of Plant Pathology by R S Singh
https://amzn.to/31uKVMU
To download QR Code scanner for android click the link
https://bit.ly/3sud9Du
● We mainly Focused on diseases mentioned in ICAR- fifth dean committee UG-BSc syllabus
L1 - Introduction: Importance of plant diseases, scope and objectives of Plant Pathology.
L2 - History of Plant Pathology with special reference to Indian work.
L3 - Terms and concepts in Plant Pathology. Causes and factors affecting disease development: Disease triangle and tetrahedron
L4 - classification of plant diseases.
L5 - Important plant pathogenic organisms (different groups): fungi (Fungi: General characters, definition of fungus, somatic structures, types of fungal thalli, fungal tissues, modifications of thallus, General characters, definition of fungus, reproduction (asexual and sexual))
L6 - Important plant pathogenic organisms (different groups): bacteria (Bacteria and mollicutes: General morphological characters)
L7 - Important plant pathogenic organisms (different groups): phytoplasma, spiroplasma
L8 - Important plant pathogenic organisms (different groups): viruses, viroids (Viruses: Nature, Structure, multiplication / replication, definition and their transmission)
L9 - Important plant pathogenic organisms (different groups): algae, protozoa and phanerogamic plant parasites with example of diseases caused by them.
L10 - Diseases and symptoms due to abiotic causes.
L11 - Nomenclature, Binomial system of nomenclature, rules of nomenclature
L12 - Classification of fungi. Key to divisions, sub-divisions, orders and classes.
L13 - Basic methods of classification and reproduction in Bacteria.
L14 - Nematode, general morphology and reproduction, symptom of damage caused by nematodes.
L15 - Liberation, dispersal and survival of plant pathogens.
L16 - Pathogenesis, role of enzyme, toxin and growth regulator in disease development.
L17 - Defense mechanism in plants.
L18 - Epidemiology: factor affecting disease development.
L19 - Method of pesticide application and their safe use.
L20 - Nature, classification of fungicide and antibiotic.
Fallow Us -
Facebook – https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100030183221453
Instagram – https://www.instagram.com/dr.agriculturist/
Facebook Page ( खेती की जानकारी ) - https://www.facebook.com/dr.agriculturist
Stay tuned to channel Dr. Agriculturist for more updates.
Thanks and regards
#Agriculture
#Botany
#Forestry
#BSc
#MSc
- published: 15 Mar 2021
- views: 188
4:14
Viroids: Possibly the Smallest Pathogens on Earth
Potato spindle tuber disease wasn't a life-or-death situation, but it led to the discovery...
published: 16 Jul 2017
Viroids: Possibly the Smallest Pathogens on Earth
Viroids: Possibly the Smallest Pathogens on Earth
- Report rights infringement
- published: 16 Jul 2017
- views: 517289
Potato spindle tuber disease wasn't a life-or-death situation, but it led to the discovery of viroids: infectious, replicating bits of RNA
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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Sources:
https://www.ars.usda.gov/oc/timeline/viroid/
https://agresearchmag.ars.usda.gov/1999/dec/boon
http://www.apsnet.org/publications/apsnetfeatures/Pages/Viroids.aspx
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25455904
http://www.els.net/WileyCDA/ElsArticle/refId-a0000434.html
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01552/full
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000216.htm
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168827809000592
https://biologydirect.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13062-016-0116-7
http://www.pnas.org/content/86/23/9370.full.pdf
http://exploringorigins.org/ribozymes.html
http://mcmanuslab.ucsf.edu/node/246
https://www.nature.com/nrmicro/journal/v1/n1/full/nrmicro736.html
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0042682271903424?via%3Dihub
https://www.apsnet.org/publications/PlantDisease/BackIssues/Documents/1984Articles/PlantDisease68n01_4.pdf
8:29
Prions and viroids
Microbiology lecture 27 | Prions and viroids - This microbiology lecture is going to talk ...
published: 15 May 2020
Prions and viroids
Prions and viroids
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Microbiology lecture 27 | Prions and viroids - This microbiology lecture is going to talk about the virus like organisms like the prions and viroids. Here we explain the structure of prions and viroids in details. We have also talked about the properties of prions and viroids and why prions and viroids are not called viruses.we have also discussed about the difference between virus and viroid and virus and prions.
Stay tuned to know more about the virology lecture on prions and viroids.
Stay tuned to know more about -
What is prion
What is viroid
Difference between prion and viroid
Diseases caused by prions and viroids
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5:01
Subviral particles: viroids and prions | Cells | MCAT | Khan Academy
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/cells/cellular-division/...
published: 21 Jan 2015
Subviral particles: viroids and prions | Cells | MCAT | Khan Academy
Subviral particles: viroids and prions | Cells | MCAT | Khan Academy
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- published: 21 Jan 2015
- views: 93630
Watch the next lesson: https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/cells/cellular-division/v/cell-cycle-phases?utm_source=YT&utm;_medium=Desc&utm;_campaign=mcat
Missed the previous lesson? https://www.khanacademy.org/test-prep/mcat/cells/viruses/v/retroviruses?utm_source=YT&utm;_medium=Desc&utm;_campaign=mcat
MCAT on Khan Academy: Go ahead and practice some passage-based questions!
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2:06
Difference among virus, virion, viroids, virusoids and prions
The channel is for Microbiology learners and enthusiast. On this Channel one can find term...
published: 19 Aug 2019
Difference among virus, virion, viroids, virusoids and prions
Difference among virus, virion, viroids, virusoids and prions
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- published: 19 Aug 2019
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The channel is for Microbiology learners and enthusiast. On this Channel one can find terms and topics related to Microbiology. Purpose of making this Channel is to make and understand Microbiology easily. So read, learn, ask and contribute.
Follow Microbiology Easy Notes on
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10:27
Viroids | The smallest Pathogens | Diseases, symptoms, transmission and prevention
Viroids, the smallest known pathogens, are naked, circular, single-stranded RNA molecules ...
published: 25 Dec 2019
Viroids | The smallest Pathogens | Diseases, symptoms, transmission and prevention
Viroids | The smallest Pathogens | Diseases, symptoms, transmission and prevention
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- published: 25 Dec 2019
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Viroids, the smallest known pathogens, are naked, circular, single-stranded RNA molecules that do not encode protein yet replicate autonomously when introduced into host plants. Potato spindle tuber viroid, discovered in 1971, is the prototype; 29 other viroids have since been discovered ranging in length from 120 to 475 nucleotides. Viroids only infect plants; some cause economically important diseases of crop plants, while others appear to be benign. Two examples of economically important viroids are coconut cadang-cadang viroid.
The 30 known viroids have been classified in two families.
There is no evidence that viroids encode proteins or mRNA. Unlike viruses, which are parasites of host translation machinery, viroids are parasites of cellular transcription proteins: they depend on cellular RNA polymerase for replication. Such polymerases normally recognize DNA templates, but can copy viroid RNAs.
After replication, viroid progeny exit the nucleus or chloroplast and move to adjacent cells through plasmodesmata, and can travel systemically via the phloem to infect other cells. Viroids enter the pollen and ovule, from where they are transmitted to the seed. When the seed germinates, the new plant becomes infected. Viroids can also be transmitted among plants by contaminated farm machinery and insects.
Symptoms of viroid infection in plants include stunting of growth, deformation of leaves and fruit, stem necrosis, and death. Because viroids do not produce mRNAs, it was first proposed that disease must be a consequence of viroid RNA binding to host proteins or nucleic acids. The discovery of RNA silencing in plants lead to the hypothesis that small interfering RNAs derived from viroid RNAs guide silencing of host genes, leading to induction of disease. In support of this hypothesis, peach latent mosaic viroid small RNAs have been identified that silence chloroplast heat shock protein 90, which correlates with disease symptoms. The different disease patterns caused by viroids in their hosts might all have in common an origin in RNA silencing.
#ViroidInfections
#HowViroidsCauseInfection
4:39
5 Differences between Virus and Viroid | Virus vs Viroids| BiologyExams4u |
This 5 minute video explains Virus vs Viroid
0:15 Definition and Similarities of Virus and...
published: 17 Aug 2020
5 Differences between Virus and Viroid | Virus vs Viroids| BiologyExams4u |
5 Differences between Virus and Viroid | Virus vs Viroids| BiologyExams4u |
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This 5 minute video explains Virus vs Viroid
0:15 Definition and Similarities of Virus and Viroid
0:28 2 & 3 Genetic Material and size of Genome of Virus and Viroid
2:24 Replication of Virus and Viroid
3:41 Hosts and Examples of Virus and Viroid
For more:
https://www.majordifferences.com/2013/03/difference-between-virus-and-viroid.html
#biologyexams4uvideos #virusvsviroid #microbiology
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4:19
Viroid, Prion, Virusoid and Virus-Differences
Difference between Viroid, Prion, Virusoid and Virus- Which is the smallest infectious age...
published: 07 May 2017
Viroid, Prion, Virusoid and Virus-Differences
Viroid, Prion, Virusoid and Virus-Differences
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Difference between Viroid, Prion, Virusoid and Virus- Which is the smallest infectious agent known?
Learn more:
Virus Definition and Classification:
http://www.biologyexams4u.com/2015/10/viruses-definition-and-classification.html
Virus vs Viroid
http://www.majordifferences.com/2013/03/difference-between-virus-and-viroid.html
Viroids vs Prion
http://www.majordifferences.com/2014/11/difference-between-viroid-and-prion.html
Protein misfolding disease : Prion
http://www.biologyexams4u.com/2013/01/protein-folding-diseases.html
Viroid: http://www.biologyexams4u.com/2013/03/viroids.html
9:04
Viroids
This Video describes the structure and general properties of Viroids.
It useful for the s...
published: 21 Jul 2020
Viroids
Viroids
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- published: 21 Jul 2020
- views: 2460
This Video describes the structure and general properties of Viroids.
It useful for the students in Microbiology at Undergraduate Level.
26:12
Hop Latent Viroid
FCP headed up to Carpinteria to sit down with Glass House Farms, a 3 acre commercial green...
published: 01 Aug 2019
Hop Latent Viroid
Hop Latent Viroid
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FCP headed up to Carpinteria to sit down with Glass House Farms, a 3 acre commercial greenhouse flowering operation, and Dark Heart Nursery, a cannabis nursery and tissue culture lab to talk about Hop Latent Viroid / Fusarium Dudding.
What are the symptoms, how is it transmitted within a plant and between plants, how to combat it, and how cultivators have to come together to play team defense, like London managing a bubonic plague outbreak.
Speakers:
Graham Farrar, Founder, Glass House Farms
Jason Downs, Lead Cultivator, Glass House Farms
Chey Moseman, Processing Manager, Glass House Farms
Jeremy Warren PhD, Director of Plant Health, Dark Heart Nursery
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6:06
#viroid | #virus like organism | #structure of virod
Learn about #viroid, #virus like otganism , their characters, #replication and #transmissi...
published: 15 Mar 2021
#viroid | #virus like organism | #structure of virod
#viroid | #virus like organism | #structure of virod
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Learn about #viroid, #virus like otganism , their characters, #replication and #transmission.
virus like organism
structure of virod
replication of virod
plant virod
viroid disease
● Course title – Fundamentals of Plant pathology
● Course code – APP5121
#viruslikeorganism
#structureofvirod
#replicationofvirod
#plantvirod
#viroiddisease
● To download PDF notes and to join my Telegram channel click the link below -
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● To go to e-Course by ICAR (click the link)
http://eagri.org/
● you should read these important books to get complete and clear pictures of plant diseases
1. Plant Pathology by G N Agriose (Click the link to get the books)
https://amzn.to/3sxjAph
OR
https://bit.ly/39j0nQz
2. Plant Pathology by R S Mehrotra and A Aggarwal (Click the link to get the books)
https://amzn.to/3u2weNG
OR
https://bit.ly/3cuVSVm
3. Plant Disease by R S Singh (Click the link to get the books)
https://amzn.to/3w6xotf
4. Diseases of crop plant in India by G Rangaswami and A Mahadevan (Click the link to get the books)
https://amzn.to/3rDGxpT
5. Fundamentals of Plant Pathology by R S Mehrotra and A Aggarwal (Click the link to get the books)
https://amzn.to/3rszOi7
6. Introduction to Principles of Plant Pathology by R S Singh
https://amzn.to/31uKVMU
To download QR Code scanner for android click the link
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● We mainly Focused on diseases mentioned in ICAR- fifth dean committee UG-BSc syllabus
L1 - Introduction: Importance of plant diseases, scope and objectives of Plant Pathology.
L2 - History of Plant Pathology with special reference to Indian work.
L3 - Terms and concepts in Plant Pathology. Causes and factors affecting disease development: Disease triangle and tetrahedron
L4 - classification of plant diseases.
L5 - Important plant pathogenic organisms (different groups): fungi (Fungi: General characters, definition of fungus, somatic structures, types of fungal thalli, fungal tissues, modifications of thallus, General characters, definition of fungus, reproduction (asexual and sexual))
L6 - Important plant pathogenic organisms (different groups): bacteria (Bacteria and mollicutes: General morphological characters)
L7 - Important plant pathogenic organisms (different groups): phytoplasma, spiroplasma
L8 - Important plant pathogenic organisms (different groups): viruses, viroids (Viruses: Nature, Structure, multiplication / replication, definition and their transmission)
L9 - Important plant pathogenic organisms (different groups): algae, protozoa and phanerogamic plant parasites with example of diseases caused by them.
L10 - Diseases and symptoms due to abiotic causes.
L11 - Nomenclature, Binomial system of nomenclature, rules of nomenclature
L12 - Classification of fungi. Key to divisions, sub-divisions, orders and classes.
L13 - Basic methods of classification and reproduction in Bacteria.
L14 - Nematode, general morphology and reproduction, symptom of damage caused by nematodes.
L15 - Liberation, dispersal and survival of plant pathogens.
L16 - Pathogenesis, role of enzyme, toxin and growth regulator in disease development.
L17 - Defense mechanism in plants.
L18 - Epidemiology: factor affecting disease development.
L19 - Method of pesticide application and their safe use.
L20 - Nature, classification of fungicide and antibiotic.
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Viroid
Viroids are among the smallest infectious pathogens known, larger only than prions, which are misfolded proteins. Viroids solely consist of short strands of circular, single-stranded RNA without protein coats. They are mostly plant pathogens, some of which are of economic importance. Viroid genomes are extremely small in size, ranging from 246 to 467 nucleobases. In comparison, the genome of the smallest known viruses capable of causing an infection by themselves are around 2,000 nucleobases in size. The human pathogen hepatitis D virus is a defective RNA virus similar to viroids.
Viroids, the first known representatives of a new domain of "sub-viral pathogens", were discovered, initially characterized, and named by Theodor Otto Diener, plant pathologist at the U.S Department of Agriculture's Research Center in Beltsville, Maryland, in 1971. The first viroid to be identified was Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd). Some 33 species have been identified.
Viroids do not code for any protein. Viroid's replication mechanism uses RNA polymerase II, a host cell enzyme normally associated with synthesis of messenger RNA from DNA, which instead catalyzes "rolling circle" synthesis of new RNA using the viroid's RNA as template. Some viroids are ribozymes, having catalytic properties which allow self-cleavage and ligation of unit-size genomes from larger replication intermediates.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Viroid
Viroids: Possibly the Smallest Pathogens on Earth...
Prions and viroids...
Subviral particles: viroids and prions | Cells | M...
Difference among virus, virion, viroids, virusoids...
Viroids | The smallest Pathogens | Diseases, sympt...
5 Differences between Virus and Viroid | Virus vs ...
Viroid, Prion, Virusoid and Virus-Differences...
Viroids...
Hop Latent Viroid...
#viroid | #virus like organism | #structure of vir...
Anels Over Me
[Verse 1]
They camp all around me
So I have no fear
They tell me he loves me
Whisper it in my ear
It means the world to me
To have him near here
These are my angels over me
They come from the throne above
Before his face
They carry the light of love
Cover me with grace
They wanna see me complete this race
These are my Angels Over me
Oooh Help me sing
[Chorus]
I got Angels watching over me
Watching my way both night and day
I got Angels watching over me
Fanning away the hurt the pain
I got Angels watching over me
They'll never fly away
Angels over me
[Verse 2]
They silently hold me with their mighty wings
When i cry they consume me with the songs they sing (ooh)
When I sleep they watches over me
Fan away evil things
These are my Angels over me (oh)
Say we don't even know this
The protection they give
Fall asleep on the road and yes
I continue to live
Sometimes I even which that they
Wouldn't answer my calls
But await vuring Angels
They just won't let me fall
No they won't
(Repeat chorus 2x)
But they'll never fly away
They'll never, never let me down
Latest News for: viroid
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Dark Heart Data Shows Hop Latent Viroid Drives $4B Annual Losses to Legal Cannabis Crop
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The Daily Sentinel
27 May 2021
AgriScience Labs and CERESLabs License Hop Latent Viroid Detection Assays from Front Range Biosciences and ...
The Daily Sentinel
27 May 2021
BOULDER, Colo., May 27, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Front Range ...
Edit
AgriScience Labs and CERESLabs License Hop Latent Viroid Detection Assays from Front Range Biosciences and Launch Commercial HLVd Testing Services in CO and CA
Under the agreement, AgriScience and CERESLabs are launching commercial testing services for Hop Latent Viroid (HLVd) at their respective facilities leveraging FRB's patent pending HLVd detection assays ... To learn more about Hop Latent Viroid and mitigation techniques such as HLVd testing and the Clean Stock® program, visit www.frontrangebio.com.
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Subviral particles: viroids and prions
Go to the source via the link below to view the video ....
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12 2 Immune system, prions, viroids, and COVID 19
Go to the source via the link below to view the video ....
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The Daily Sentinel
20 May 2021
Front Range Biosciences' Clean Stock� Program Fights Hop Latent Viroid in Cannabis
The Daily Sentinel
20 May 2021
BOULDER, Colo., May 20, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Front ...
Edit
Montrose Press
20 May 2021
Front Range Biosciences' Clean Stock® Program Fights Hop Latent Viroid in Cannabis
Montrose Press
20 May 2021
This year-long effort validates the utility of using tissue culture to effectively clean plants infected with HLVd and mitigate the risk of HLVd infection from spreading, guaranteeing clean, viroid-free plant stock for propagation ... To learn more about Hop Latent Viroid and mitigation techniques such as Clean Stock, visit www.frontrangebio.com.
Edit
Segra International Announces Development and Validation of In-House Assay for Hop Latent Viroid (HLVd)
... Viroid (HLVd) through leveraging the highly qualified capabilities of their in-house molecular biology laboratory, under the leadership of Segra's Chief Science Officer Dr.
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Reply to Serra et al.: Nucleotide substitutions in plant viroid genomes that multiply in phytopathogenic ...
... (2) describing plant viroid infections in phytopathogenic fungi.
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Symptomatic plant viroid infections in phytopathogenic fungi: A request for a critical reassessment [Biological Sciences]
Viroids are classified into two families (4).
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Symptomatic plant viroid infections in phytopathogenic fungi: A request for a critical reassessment [Letters (Online Only)]
Viroids are classified into two families (4).
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New discovery to fight citrus exocortis viroid
What's a viroid like you doing in a ... The answer opens a door, unknown until now, to fight viroids.
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Symptomatic plant viroid infections in phytopathogenic fungi [Microbiology]
Viroids are pathogenic agents that have a small, circular noncoding RNA genome. They have been found only in plant species; therefore, their infectivity and pathogenicity in other organisms remain largely unexplored. In this study, we investigate whether plant viroids can replicate and induce symptoms in filamentous fungi. Seven plant viroids... .
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