- published: 13 Oct 2009
- views: 36589
A sea is a large body of salt water that is surrounded in whole or in part by land. More broadly, "the sea" is the interconnected system of Earth's salty, oceanic waters—considered as one global ocean or as several principal oceanic divisions. The sea moderates Earth's climate and has important roles in the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle. Although the sea has been travelled and explored since prehistory, the modern scientific study of the sea—oceanography—dates broadly to the British Challenger expedition of the 1870s. The sea is conventionally divided into up to five large oceanic sections—including the IHO's four named oceans (the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Arctic) and the Southern Ocean; smaller, second-order sections, such as the Mediterranean, are known as seas.
Owing to the present state of continental drift, the Northern Hemisphere is now fairly equally divided between land and sea (a ratio of about 2:3) but the South is overwhelmingly oceanic (1:4.7).Salinity in the open ocean is generally in a narrow band around 3.5% by mass, although this can vary in more landlocked waters, near the mouths of large rivers, or at great depths. About 85% of the solids in the open sea are sodium chloride. Deep-sea currents are produced by differences in salinity and temperature. Surface currents are formed by the friction of waves produced by the wind and by tides, the changes in local sea level produced by the gravity of the Moon and Sun. The direction of all of these is governed by surface and submarine land masses and by the rotation of the Earth (the Coriolis effect).
An ocean (from Ancient Greek Ὠκεανός, transc. Okeanós, the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean, which covers almost 71% of its surface. These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans. The word sea is often used interchangeably with "ocean" in American English but, strictly speaking, a sea is a body of saline water (generally a division of the world ocean) partly or fully enclosed by land.
Saline water covers approximately 72% of the planet's surface (~3.6×108 km2) and is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas, with the ocean covering approximately 71% of Earth's surface. The ocean contains 97% of Earth's water, and oceanographers have stated that less than 5% of the World Ocean has been explored. The total volume is approximately 1.35 billion cubic kilometers (320 million cu mi) with an average depth of nearly 3,700 meters (12,100 ft).
This is a list of The Future Is Wild episodes. Most episodes focus on one food chain in a scenario of the world 5, 100 or 200 million years from now. Each episode was written by Victoria Coules.
Coordinates: 38°52′59″N 77°0′59″W / 38.88306°N 77.01639°W / 38.88306; -77.01639
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is the agency of the United States Federal Government responsible for the civilian space program as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
President Dwight D. Eisenhower established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in 1958 with a distinctly civilian (rather than military) orientation encouraging peaceful applications in space science. The National Aeronautics and Space Act was passed on July 29, 1958, disestablishing NASA's predecessor, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). The new agency became operational on October 1, 1958.
Since that time, most US space exploration efforts have been led by NASA, including the Apollo moon-landing missions, the Skylab space station, and later the Space Shuttle. Currently, NASA is supporting the International Space Station and is overseeing the development of the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle, the Space Launch System and Commercial Crew vehicles. The agency is also responsible for the Launch Services Program (LSP) which provides oversight of launch operations and countdown management for unmanned NASA launches.
Global means of or referring to a globe and may also refer to:
"Climate Change and The Global Ocean" is the first episode in the six-part series "Tides of Change", exploring amazing NASA ocean science to celebrate Earth Science Week 2009. To find out more visit http://climate.nasa.gov/esw Want more? Subscribe to NASA on iTunes! http://phobos.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?id=283424434 Or get tweeted by NASA: http://twitter.com/NASAGoddard We know climate change can affect us, but does climate change alter something as vast, deep and mysterious as our oceans? For years, scientists have studied the world's oceans by sending out ships and divers, deploying data-gathering buoys, and by taking aerial measurements from planes. But one of the better ways to understand oceans is to gain an even broader perspective - the view fr...
David Miliband, Co-chair of the Global Ocean Commission, tells the story of the Commission's inquiry into high seas governance and ocean health, and outlines its rescue package for the ocean and Mission Ocean.
Learn about the role of the sea in global warming. The global conveyer belt is part of the large-scale ocean circulation that is driven by differences in the density of the waters. It plays a key role in keeping the climate at balance and Europe warm. Global warming may change it forever with unforeseeable consequences. Short videos, explaining things. For example Evolution, the Universe, Stock Market or controversial topics like Fracking. Because we love science. We would love to interact more with you, our viewers to figure out what topics you want to see. If you have a suggestion for future videos or feedback, drop us a line! :) We're a bunch of Information designers from munich, visit us on facebook or behance to say hi! https://www.facebook.com/Kurzgesagt https://www.behance.n...
This visualization shows ocean surface currents around the world during the period from June 2005 through Decemeber 2007. The visualization does not include a narration or annotations; the goal was to use ocean flow data to create a simple, visceral experience. This visualization was produced using NASA/JPL's computational model called Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean, Phase II or ECCO2.. ECCO2 is high resolution model of the global ocean and sea-ice. ECCO2 attempts to model the oceans and sea ice to increasingly accurate resolutions that begin to resolve ocean eddies and other narrow-current systems which transport heat and carbon in the oceans.The ECCO2 model simulates ocean flows at all depths, but only surface flows are used in this visualization. The dark patterns ...
(Visit: http://www.uctv.tv/) A new study comparing past and present ocean temperatures reveals the global ocean has been warming for more than a century. Join Dean Roemmich, Scripps physical oceanographer and study co-author, as he describes how warm our oceans are getting, where all that heat is going, and how this knowledge will help scientists better understand the earth's climate. Learn how scientists measured ocean temperature during the historic voyage of the HMS Challenger (1872-76) and how today's network of ocean-probing robots is changing the way scientists study the seas. Series: "Perspectives on Ocean Science" [9/2012] [Science] [Show ID: 23999]
Visualisation of global ocean currents from our high resolution climate model. Developed by Malcolm Roberts, Manager for High resolution global climate modelling, Met Office. For more details please see the PRIMAVERA web site https://www.primavera-h2020.eu/research/gallery/
Help us build the Global Ocean Refuge System and donate today at http://bit.ly/1Mo9vi6 . The Global Ocean Refuge System, or GLORES, is a science-based initiative designed to protect at least 30% of the biogeographic regions in the world’s oceans. Blue Chalk Media and See Why Projects paired up with the Marine Conservation Institute to create a film about their latest conservation initiative. With donations from some of the most talented conservation photographers and cinematographers, the film sheds light on the critical state of our oceans and how GLORES is a vital step to conserving our planet’s vanishing ocean life and habitats. Co-Director: Catherine Yrisarri Co-Director: Rob Finch Director of Photography: Jamie Francis Editor: Brooke Herbert Hayes Editor: Rob Finch Assistant Edito...
The Ocean is essential to life on Earth. Most of Earth's water is stored in the ocean. Although 40 percent of Earth's population lives within, or near coastal regions- the ocean impacts people everywhere. Without the ocean, our planet would be uninhabitable. This animation helps to convey the importance of Earth's oceanic processes as one component of Earth's interrelated systems. This animation uses Earth science data from a variety of sensors on NASA Earth observing satellites to measure physical oceanography parameters such as ocean currents, ocean winds, sea surface height and sea surface temperature. These measurements, in combination with atmospheric measurements such as surface air temperature, precipitation and clouds can help scientists understand the ocean's impact on weather an...
Since 2006, The Pew Charitable Trusts Global Ocean Legacy project has worked with indigenous groups, community leaders, government officials, scientists and other organizations to help protect the ocean; a part of the planet that is key to some island cultures and marine life. The Global Ocean Legacy campaign has aided in the creation of nine major marine reserves: Palau, Chagos, Coral Sea, Marianas Trench, Pacific Remote Islands, Easter Island, Pitcairn, Kermadecs, and Papahānumokuākea. To date, Global Ocean Legacy has helped safeguard more than 2.4 million square miles of ocean. For more about the Global Ocean Legacy project please visit, http://bit.ly/12gIXzn.
The oceans are mostly composed of warm salty water near the surface over cold, less salty water in the ocean depths. These two regions don't mix except in certain special areas. The ocean currents, the movement of the ocean in the surface layer, are driven mostly by the wind. In certain areas near the polar oceans, the colder surface water also gets saltier due to evaporation or sea ice formation. In these regions, the surface water becomes dense enough to sink to the ocean depths. This pumping of surface water into the deep ocean forces the deep water to move horizontally until it can find an area on the world where it can rise back to the surface and close the current loop. This usually occurs in the equatorial ocean, mostly in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This very large, slow current...
"Climate Change and The Global Ocean" is the first episode in the six-part series "Tides of Change", exploring amazing NASA ocean science to celebrate Earth Science Week 2009. To find out more visit http://climate.nasa.gov/esw Want more? Subscribe to NASA on iTunes! http://phobos.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?id=283424434 Or get tweeted by NASA: http://twitter.com/NASAGoddard We know climate change can affect us, but does climate change alter something as vast, deep and mysterious as our oceans? For years, scientists have studied the world's oceans by sending out ships and divers, deploying data-gathering buoys, and by taking aerial measurements from planes. But one of the better ways to understand oceans is to gain an even broader perspective - the view fr...
David Miliband, Co-chair of the Global Ocean Commission, tells the story of the Commission's inquiry into high seas governance and ocean health, and outlines its rescue package for the ocean and Mission Ocean.
Learn about the role of the sea in global warming. The global conveyer belt is part of the large-scale ocean circulation that is driven by differences in the density of the waters. It plays a key role in keeping the climate at balance and Europe warm. Global warming may change it forever with unforeseeable consequences. Short videos, explaining things. For example Evolution, the Universe, Stock Market or controversial topics like Fracking. Because we love science. We would love to interact more with you, our viewers to figure out what topics you want to see. If you have a suggestion for future videos or feedback, drop us a line! :) We're a bunch of Information designers from munich, visit us on facebook or behance to say hi! https://www.facebook.com/Kurzgesagt https://www.behance.n...
This visualization shows ocean surface currents around the world during the period from June 2005 through Decemeber 2007. The visualization does not include a narration or annotations; the goal was to use ocean flow data to create a simple, visceral experience. This visualization was produced using NASA/JPL's computational model called Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean, Phase II or ECCO2.. ECCO2 is high resolution model of the global ocean and sea-ice. ECCO2 attempts to model the oceans and sea ice to increasingly accurate resolutions that begin to resolve ocean eddies and other narrow-current systems which transport heat and carbon in the oceans.The ECCO2 model simulates ocean flows at all depths, but only surface flows are used in this visualization. The dark patterns ...
(Visit: http://www.uctv.tv/) A new study comparing past and present ocean temperatures reveals the global ocean has been warming for more than a century. Join Dean Roemmich, Scripps physical oceanographer and study co-author, as he describes how warm our oceans are getting, where all that heat is going, and how this knowledge will help scientists better understand the earth's climate. Learn how scientists measured ocean temperature during the historic voyage of the HMS Challenger (1872-76) and how today's network of ocean-probing robots is changing the way scientists study the seas. Series: "Perspectives on Ocean Science" [9/2012] [Science] [Show ID: 23999]
Visualisation of global ocean currents from our high resolution climate model. Developed by Malcolm Roberts, Manager for High resolution global climate modelling, Met Office. For more details please see the PRIMAVERA web site https://www.primavera-h2020.eu/research/gallery/
Help us build the Global Ocean Refuge System and donate today at http://bit.ly/1Mo9vi6 . The Global Ocean Refuge System, or GLORES, is a science-based initiative designed to protect at least 30% of the biogeographic regions in the world’s oceans. Blue Chalk Media and See Why Projects paired up with the Marine Conservation Institute to create a film about their latest conservation initiative. With donations from some of the most talented conservation photographers and cinematographers, the film sheds light on the critical state of our oceans and how GLORES is a vital step to conserving our planet’s vanishing ocean life and habitats. Co-Director: Catherine Yrisarri Co-Director: Rob Finch Director of Photography: Jamie Francis Editor: Brooke Herbert Hayes Editor: Rob Finch Assistant Edito...
The Ocean is essential to life on Earth. Most of Earth's water is stored in the ocean. Although 40 percent of Earth's population lives within, or near coastal regions- the ocean impacts people everywhere. Without the ocean, our planet would be uninhabitable. This animation helps to convey the importance of Earth's oceanic processes as one component of Earth's interrelated systems. This animation uses Earth science data from a variety of sensors on NASA Earth observing satellites to measure physical oceanography parameters such as ocean currents, ocean winds, sea surface height and sea surface temperature. These measurements, in combination with atmospheric measurements such as surface air temperature, precipitation and clouds can help scientists understand the ocean's impact on weather an...
Since 2006, The Pew Charitable Trusts Global Ocean Legacy project has worked with indigenous groups, community leaders, government officials, scientists and other organizations to help protect the ocean; a part of the planet that is key to some island cultures and marine life. The Global Ocean Legacy campaign has aided in the creation of nine major marine reserves: Palau, Chagos, Coral Sea, Marianas Trench, Pacific Remote Islands, Easter Island, Pitcairn, Kermadecs, and Papahānumokuākea. To date, Global Ocean Legacy has helped safeguard more than 2.4 million square miles of ocean. For more about the Global Ocean Legacy project please visit, http://bit.ly/12gIXzn.
The oceans are mostly composed of warm salty water near the surface over cold, less salty water in the ocean depths. These two regions don't mix except in certain special areas. The ocean currents, the movement of the ocean in the surface layer, are driven mostly by the wind. In certain areas near the polar oceans, the colder surface water also gets saltier due to evaporation or sea ice formation. In these regions, the surface water becomes dense enough to sink to the ocean depths. This pumping of surface water into the deep ocean forces the deep water to move horizontally until it can find an area on the world where it can rise back to the surface and close the current loop. This usually occurs in the equatorial ocean, mostly in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This very large, slow current...
(Visit: http://www.uctv.tv/) A new study comparing past and present ocean temperatures reveals the global ocean has been warming for more than a century. Join Dean Roemmich, Scripps physical oceanographer and study co-author, as he describes how warm our oceans are getting, where all that heat is going, and how this knowledge will help scientists better understand the earth's climate. Learn how scientists measured ocean temperature during the historic voyage of the HMS Challenger (1872-76) and how today's network of ocean-probing robots is changing the way scientists study the seas. Series: "Perspectives on Ocean Science" [9/2012] [Science] [Show ID: 23999]
On November 9th, 2016, The Barbara and Richard Rosenberg Institute for Marine Biology and Environmental Science invites Dr. Rashid Sumaila to speak about the sustainability of the Global Ocean. --- The RTC Public Forums bring leading local, national, and international scientists to speak about the latest advances in their field. The Public Forum Series provides an opportunity for the public to engage with renowned scholars and to deepen their understanding and awareness of environmental issues and solutions. Forum events are held twice a year, in the spring and fall.
Film about GEOSECS, the Geochemical Ocean Sections Study, a global survey of the three-dimensional distribution of chemical, isotopic and radiochemical tracers in the ocean. George Veronis of Yale University speaks about models for ocean layers and circulation in the world ocean, and data gathering by R.V. Melville (SIO) and R.V. Knorr (WHOI). Extensive footage onboard SIO’s R.V. Melville shows scientific and shipboard operations during GEOSECS, including recreational activities. Throughout the film, Wallace S. Broecker of Columbia University discusses GEOSECS work on board R.V. Melville. SIO’s Harmon Craig discusses GEOSECS data collection and cruise legs. R.V, Melville is shown in port in Tahiti, along with various shore-based activities. Peter G. Brewer of Woods Hole Oceanograph...
Dr. Susan Lozier challenges traditional thinking about how our ocean waters circulate the globe and how climate change is impacting these circulation patterns during her talk at the annual Scott. W. Nixon lecture on April 13, 2017 at the University of Rhode Island Coastal Institute. Dr. Susan Lozier is a Ronie-Richele Garcia-Johnson Professor, Earth and Ocean Sciences Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University.
15.03.2017 Bernard Barnier (IGE/CNRS, Grenoble, France) STAKES AND FRONTIERS FOR GLOBAL OCEAN MODELING CLIMATE AND OPERATIONAL SYSTEMS The talk will present and discuss modelling and computational challenges that numerical ocean circulation models used to understand climate change or to predict the ocean state are presently facing. These challenges will be illustrated with kilometer-scale simulations of the North Atlantic and large ensemble simulations of the global ocean performed on advanced massively parallel computers.
During the last 40 years, satellite ΓÇ£ocean colorΓÇ¥ remote sensing has revolutionized our understanding of the global ocean at kilometer spatial scales. However, the era of multispectral sensors (5-10 wavelengths) and correlational algorithms is coming to an end. Recent work shows the value of hyperspectral sensors (~100 wavelengths) and radiative-transfer-based retrieval algorithms that relate light measurements to environmental information. For example, hyperspectral imagery can generate accurate maps of water quality parameters, water depth, and bottom type in optically shallow waters at the meter scale needed for management of coastal ecosystems and military operations. Not surprisingly, the computational requirements for hyperspectral image processing at high-spatial-resolution ...
Climate change is the biggest threat facing humanity today and yet our political systems refuse to move quickly enough to do anything about it. It threatens to undo all the gains that have been made against poverty in recent decades. But how does it affect Ireland and where do we fit in the global picture? ‘Drop in the Ocean?’ talks to some of Ireland’s leading environmental scientists, writers and activists to find out. Find out more about Trócaire's Climate Justice campaign: http://www.trocaire.org/climatejustice Credits: Produced and Directed by Alan Whelan and Eoghan Rice Filmed and Edited by Alan Whelan Interviews by Eoghan Rice Associate Producer Liz Evers Additional Interviews by Alan Whelan, Marie Moriarty David O'Hare and Liz Evers Additional Filming: Emmet Sheerin Archive Tr...
This groundbreaking NRDC documentary explores the startling phenomenon of ocean acidification, which may soon challenge marine life on a scale not seen for tens of millions of years. The film, featuring Sigourney Weaver, originally aired on Discovery Planet Green.