- published: 04 Sep 2011
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The term australopithecines refers generally to all species in the related genera of Australopithecus and Paranthropus, and it is typically intended to include members of Kenyanthropus,Ardipithecus, and Praeanthropus. Further, all these related species are now collectively classified by some as a subtribe, Australopithecina, of the Hominini tribe. They are the extinct, close relatives of humans and, with the extant genus Homo, comprise the human clade. Members of the human clade, that is, the Hominini after the split from the chimpanzees, are now called hominins (see Hominidae; terms "hominids" and hominins).
The terms australopithecine, et al., come from a former classification as members of a distinct subfamily, the Australopithecinae. Members of Australopithecus are sometimes referred to as the gracile australopithecines, while Paranthropus are called the "robust australopithecines".
The australopithecines occurred in the Plio-Pleistocene era and were bipedal, and they were dentally similar to humans, but with a brain size not much larger than that of modern apes, with lesser encephalization than in the genus Homo. Humans (genus Homo) may have descended from australopithecine ancestors and the genus Ardipithecus is a possible ancestor of the australopithecines.
Paranthropus boisei or Australopithecus boisei was an early hominin, described as the largest of the Paranthropus genus (robust australopithecines). It lived in Eastern Africa during the Pleistocene epoch from about 2.3 until about 1.2 million years ago.
First discovered by anthropologist Mary Leakey on July 17, 1959, at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, the well-preserved cranium (nicknamed "Nutcracker Man") was dated to 1.75 million years ago and had characteristics distinctive of the robust australopithecines. Mary and her husband Louis Leakey classified the find as Zinjanthropus boisei: "Zinj" for the medieval East African region of Zanj, "anthropus" (Gr. ανθρωπος, anthropos) for "human being", and "boisei" for Charles Boise, the anthropologist team’s benefactor.
Paranthropus boisei (as the species was eventually categorized) proved to be a treasure, especially when the anthropologists' son Richard Leakey suggested it was the first hominin species to use stone tools. Bernard Wood of the University of Liverpool, England, posits that tools discovered in Ethiopia and dated to 2.5 million years ago could have been made by Paranthropus boisei. A well-preserved jaw, known as the Peninj Mandible, was found by Richard's colleague Kamoya Kimeu in 1964 in Peninj, Tanzania. Another skull, specimen KNM ER 406, was unearthed in 1969 by Richard at Koobi Fora near Lake Turkana, in Kenya.
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Human Evolution: Crash Course Big History #6
This is how we study in university, children! 4.2 -- 3.9 million years ago Somewhere in Kenya that I can't pronounce They found a thing that's ape-like in its parallel tooth row But human-like in its postcranial morphology Oh, Australopithecus anamensis How I wanna be friends-is But you're too primitive for me Australopithecus anamensis You're just too darn ape-like In your cranial morphology But because you may have been bipedal Let's walk on to the next one now. 4.2 -- 3.0 million years ago Ethiopia and Tanzania too Many ape-like and hominin-like specimens were found But were they really just one species, or could they be two? Oh, Australopithecus afarensis How I wanna be friend-is But you really need to choose Australopithecus afarensis Are you just a sexually dimorphic species Or ...
(Showtime MAMAMOOXGFRIEND EP.5) MAMAOO dance in groups like australopithecine
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This video explains characteristics of Australopithecus/Australopithecine in a very easier way to remember.
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""Paranthropus boisei"" or ""Australopithecus boisei"" was an early hominin, described as the largest of the "Paranthropus" genus . It lived in Eastern Africa during the Pleistocene epoch from about 2.3 until about 1.2 million years ago. First discovered by anthropologist Mary Leakey on July 17, 1959, at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania, the well-preserved cranium was dated to 1.75 million years old and had characteristics distinctive of the robust australopithecines. Mary and her husband Louis Leakey classified the find as "Zinjanthropus boisei": ""Zinj"" for the medieval East African region of Zanj, ""anthropus"" "human being"; and ""boisei"" for Charles Boise, the anthropologists' team’s benefactor. "Paranthropus boisei" proved to be a treasure especially when the anthropologists'...
Video shows fossil and living human relatives and ancestors. Lucy, the female hominid australopithecine, was found by Paleoanthropologist Donald C. Johanson, who named her "Lucy" after the song "Lucy in the sky with diamonds" by John Lennon of The Beatles. The video also contains information about Cro-Magnon, Homo sapiens, Neanderthal, Homo heidelbergensis, Turkana, homo erectus, habilis, Ardipithecus, ramidus, Ardi, Paranthropus robustus, sediba, Taung, Peking, ergaster; our fossil relatives and ancestors bones; places such as Awash, Olduvai, Hadar, Africa, and Ethiopia; instruments such as scraper Hammerstone Handaxe and Neanderthal tools, DNA, art, and related information It also shows information about living close human relatives, such as the Bonobo, Gorilla, and chimpanzee It sh...
In which John Green and Hank Green teach you about how human primates moved out of Africa and turned Earth into a real-life Planet of the Apes. And the apes are people! John and Hank teach you about how humans evolved, and the sort of tricks they picked up along the way like complex tool use, big brains, and fighting. Our ancestors adapted to the grasslands of Africa, and went through several iterations including Australopithecus, Homo Habilis, and Homo Ergaster/Erectus. Our ancestors tamed fire, made pressure flake tools, and eventually smartphones. Learn more: http://www.bighistoryproject.com