PBS

The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor. Headquartered in Arlington, Virginia, PBS is an independently operated non-profit organization and is the most prominent provider of television programs to public television stations in the United States, distributing series such as Keeping Up Appearances, BBC World News, NOVA scienceNOW, NOVA, Sesame Street, Doctor Who, PBS NewsHour, Walking with Dinosaurs, Masterpiece, Nature, American Masters, Frontline, and Antiques Roadshow.

Since the mid-2000s Roper polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the most-trusted national institution in the United States. However, PBS is not responsible for all programming carried on public television stations, a large proportion of which (including most specials aired during multi-annually pledge drives) come from third-party sources, including member stations (such as WGBH, WETA-TV, WNET, WTTW National Productions), American Public Television and independent producers. This distinction is a frequent source of viewer confusion.

PBS 106.7FM

PBS 106.7FM (call sign: 3PBS), also known as the Progressive Broadcasting Service, is a co-operatively owned community radio station in Melbourne, Australia, that broadcasts on 106.7FM, Digital radio and online. In 2009 PBS celebrated its 30th year of broadcast.

History

During 1975 Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) student campus station 3ST applied to the Broadcasting Control Board for a restricted commercial AM licence. The application was done under the name of the SRNA, with 3ST, 3CT, 3MU and newly formed 3SW (Swinburne University). The application was unsuccessful and the licence went to 3CR.

In 1976 Felix Hofmann, who had no affiliation with any broadcasting radio station, called a meeting of interested parties to establish an FM radio station for "progressive music". It was not practical to hold this meeting at his parent's home in St Kilda East so it was held at 1 Baldwin Street, Armadale in a house shared by Rosalie Brookes, Jane Henderson, another student and Garry Page. To publicise the meeting Felix Hofmann used a press story in "The Southern Cross" newspaper and an advertisement in "The Toorak Times" newspaper; while Garry Page, as a former member of 3ST, extended personal invitations to other 3ST members such as John Maizels and Barry Bron and also posted notices at the 3CR and 3ST studios.

Playboys gang

Playboys 13 Gang, also known by the short name PBS13, is a violent, predominantly Hispanic street gang in West and East Los Angeles, California. They sometimes use the name Conejo or Rabbit gang. They align themselves with the Mexican Mafia, also known as La eme (which is Spanish for the letter M), while in prison and set aside their rivalry with other Sureño gangs. In some areas they refer to their houses and meeting or hang out areas as rabbit holes.

History

They began on the corner of Pico Boulevard and Fedora Street in West Los Angeles, California in the mid 1950s. They were originally a car club called, "Southern Califas Latin Playboys Car Club." Cliques from the West Side moved to Burbank, California in the 80's and have spread out to North Hollywood and other cities in the San Fernando Valley. Eastside Playboys started in 1975 on 49th street in Los Angeles, California and the Southside Playboys started in 1982 in Bell Gardens and South Gate, California. In the beginning they were all Hispanic, but in recent years, even though it is rare, other ethnic groups have been able to gain membership making them multiethnic. However, the Playboys remain predominantly Hispanic in all their cliques from Latin America to the United States.

Sodium perborate

Sodium perborate (PBS) is a white, odorless, water-soluble chemical compound with the chemical formula NaBO₃. It crystallizes as the monohydrate, NaBO₃·H₂O, trihydrate, NaBO₃·3H₂O and tetrahydrate, NaBO₃·4H₂O. The monohydrate and tetrahydrate are the commercially important forms. The elementary structural unit of sodium perborates is a dimer anion B₂O₄(OH)₄²⁻, in which two boron atoms are joined by two peroxo bridges in a chair-shaped 6-membered ring, and the simplistic NaBO₃·nH₂O-type formulas are just a convenient way to express the average chemical composition.

Preparation and chemistry

Sodium perborate is manufactured by reaction of disodium tetraborate pentahydrate, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium hydroxide. The monohydrate form dissolves better than the tetrahydrate and has higher heat stability; it is prepared by heating the tetrahydrate. Sodium perborate undergoes hydrolysis in contact with water, producing hydrogen peroxide and borate.

Structure

Unlike sodium percarbonate and perphosphate, the sodium perborate is not simply an adduct with hydrogen peroxide, and it does not contain an individual BO₃⁻ ion. Rather, there is a cyclic dimer anion B₂O₄(OH)₄²⁻, in which two boron atoms are joined by two peroxo bridges in a chair-shaped 6-membered ring. This makes the substance more stable, and safer for handling and storage. The formula of the sodium salt is thus Na₂H₄B₂O₈.

WNEO

WNEO, virtual channel and UHF digital channel 45, is a PBS member television station licensed to Alliance, Ohio. The station's programming is simulcast on satellite station WEAO, virtual channel 49 (UHF digital channel 50), in Akron. The two stations utilize the unified brand "Western Reserve PBS". WNEO is the PBS member station of record for Youngstown, while WEAO provides the Cleveland market with a second choice for PBS programming alongside the market's flagship PBS station, WVIZ.

WNEO and WEAO are owned by Northeastern Educational Television of Ohio, which is a consortium of the University of Akron, Kent State University and Youngstown State University. The two stations operate from studio facilities located on Kent State's campus in Kent, northeast of Akron and roughly west of Youngstown; WNEO's transmitter is located in Salem, WEAO's transmitter is located in Copley.

WNEO also operates W44CR-D, a low-power digital translator in Youngstown, which serves low-lying areas in the Mahoning Valley that are shadowed from the main WNEO signal. The digital translator, which signed on the air in 2009, is a conversion of former analog translator, W58AM, that broadcast at the same location.

Lead(II) sulfide

Lead(II) sulfide (also spelled sulphide) is an inorganic compound with the formula PbS. PbS, also known as galena, is the principal ore, and most important compound of lead. It is a semiconducting material with niche uses.

Formation, basic properties, related materials

Addition of hydrogen sulfide or sulfide salts to a solution of lead ions gives PbS as an insoluble black precipitate.

The equilibrium constant for this reaction is 3×10⁶ M. This reaction, which entails a dramatic color change from colourless or white to black, was once used in qualitative inorganic analysis. The presence of hydrogen sulfide or sulfide ions is still routinely tested using "lead acetate paper."

Like the related materials PbSe and PbTe, PbS is a semiconductor. In fact, lead sulfide was one of the earliest materials to be used as a semiconductor. Lead sulfide crystallizes in the sodium chloride motif, unlike many other IV-VI semiconductors.

Since PbS is the main ore of lead, much effort has focused on its conversion. A major process involves smelting of PbS followed by reduction of the resulting oxide. Idealized equations for these two steps are: