Integrated Authority File

The Integrated Authority File (German: Gemeinsame Normdatei, also known as: Universal Authority File) or GND is an international authority file for the organisation of personal names, subject headings and corporate bodies from catalogues. It is used mainly for documentation in libraries and increasingly also by archives and museums. The GND is managed by the German National Library in cooperation with various regional library networks in German-speaking Europe and other partners. The GND falls under the Creative Commons Zero (CC0) license.

The GND specification provides a hierarchy of high-level entities and sub-classes, useful in library classification, and an approach to unambiguous identification of single elements. It also comprises an ontology intended for knowledge representation in the semantic web, available in the RDF format.

The Integrated Authority File became operational in April 2012 and integrates the content of the following authority files which have since been discontinued:

Arts and Crafts movement

The Arts and Crafts movement was an international movement in the decorative and fine arts that flourished in Europe and North America between 1880 and 1910, emerging in Japan in the 1920s. It stood for traditional craftsmanship using simple forms, and often used medieval, romantic or folk styles of decoration. It advocated economic and social reform and was essentially anti-industrial. It had a strong influence on the arts in Europe until it was displaced by Modernism in the 1930s, and its influence continued among craft makers, designers and town planners long afterwards.

The term was first used by T. J. Cobden-Sanderson at a meeting of the Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society in 1887, although the principles and style on which it was based had been developing in England for at least twenty years. It was inspired by the writings of the architect Augustus Pugin (1812–1852), the writer John Ruskin (1819–1900), and the artist William Morris (1834–1896).

The movement developed earliest and most fully in the British Isles, and spread across the British Empire and to the rest of Europe and North America. It was largely a reaction against the perceived impoverished state of the decorative arts at the time and the conditions in which they were produced.

Cool School

Cool School (Turkish: Çılgın Dersane) is a 2007 Turkish comedy film, directed by Faruk Aksoy, about a class of teenage students attempting to save their unconventional school from closure. The film, which went on nationwide general release across Turkey on January 26, 2007 (2007-01-26), was one of the highest-grossing Turkish films of 2007 and was followed by Cool School Camp (2008).

Plot

A private education institute on the edge of bankruptcy is about to be closed down. An initially reluctant student body, lured to the institute by the promise of learning in a holiday village, join the staff to stop the closure by entering an inter-school contest in the hope of winning first place and the money to save their school.

Production

The film was shot on location in Antalya, Turkey.

Release

The film opened on general release in 149 screens across Turkey on January 26, 2007 (2007-01-26) at number two in the Turkish box office chart with an opening weekend gross of US$694,626.

Reception

The film was number one at the Turkish box office for two weeks running and was one of the highest grossing Turkish films of 2007 with a total gross of US$4,265,287.