Holocene

The Holocene /ˈhɒləˌsiːn, ˈhoʊ-/ is the geological epoch that began after the Pleistocene at approximately 11,700 years before the year 2000AD and continues to the present. The term "Recent" (usually capitalised) has often been used as an exact synonym of "Holocene", although this usage is discouraged in 21st-century work. The Holocene is part of the Quaternary period. Its name comes from the Greek words ὅλος (holos, whole or entire) and καινός (kainos, new), meaning "entirely recent". It has been identified with the current warm period, known as MIS 1, and can be considered an interglacial in the current ice age based on that evidence.

The Holocene also encompasses the growth and impacts of the human species worldwide, including all its written history, development of major civilizations, and overall significant transition toward urban living in the present. Human impacts on modern-era Earth and its ecosystems may be considered of global significance for future evolution of living species, including approximately synchronous lithospheric evidence, or more recently atmospheric evidence of human impacts. Given these, a new term, Anthropocene, is specifically proposed and used informally only for the very latest part of modern history and of significant human impact since the epoch of the Neolithic Revolution (around 12,000 years BP).

Bon Iver

Bon Iver (/boʊn iːˈvɛər/ bohn-ee-VAIR) is an American indie folk band founded in 2007 by singer-songwriter Justin Vernon. Vernon released Bon Iver's debut album, For Emma, Forever Ago independently in July 2007. The majority of that album was recorded while Vernon spent three months in a cabin in northwestern Wisconsin. Bon Iver won the 2012 Grammy Awards for Best New Artist and Best Alternative Music Album for their album Bon Iver, Bon Iver. The name Bon Iver is derived from the French phrase bon hiver (French pronunciation: ​[bɔn‿ivɛːʁ]), meaning "good winter", taken from a greeting on Northern Exposure.

History

After the breakup of his band DeYarmond Edison, the ending of a relationship, and a bout with mononucleosis hepatitis, Vernon left Raleigh, North Carolina, and moved back to Wisconsin to spend the oncoming winter months at his father's cabin in Dunn County, Wisconsin. According to Vernon, it was during this time that the "Bon Iver" moniker first entered his mind; while bedridden with mononucleosis, he began watching the 1990s TV series Northern Exposure on DVD. One episode depicts a group of citizens in Alaska, where the show is set, emerging from their homes into the first snowfall of the winter and wishing one another bon hiver (pronounced: [bɔn‿ivɛːʁ], French for "good winter"). This was initially transcribed by Vernon as "boniverre"; however, when he learned of its proper French spelling, he elected not to use it, deciding "hiver" reminded him too much of "liver", the site of his illness at the time.

Iver

Coordinates: 51°31′16″N 0°30′25″W / 51.521°N 0.507°W / 51.521; -0.507

Iver /ˈaɪ.vər/ is in the south-east corner of the English county of Buckinghamshire and a large civil parish in the South Bucks district which in addition to the central clustered village includes the largely residential co-neighbourhoods of Iver Heath and Richings Park.

Geography and transport

London is centred 17 miles (30 km) east. The parish shares woods, lakes and Grand Union Canal-side land covering 43 square miles, the Colne Valley regional park, with Uxbridge, Greater London spanning the edge of four counties. Most of the green space land forms Metropolitan Green Belt and two 18-hole golf courses are in the parish.

Iver's western border is for the most part formed by the Wexham green buffer zone to town of Slough and further south by Langley, Berkshire, a contiguous suburb with its own railway station and amenities. One small part of the Richings Park neighbourhood is east of the M25 motorway, Thorney. Iver is intersected to the north above Iver Heath by the M40. South of the main farm and the golf course of Richings Park is a near-straight boundary, the M4 motorway beyond which is Colnbrook. The Great Western Main line bisects Iver. Richings Park and Thorney are served less than 0.5 miles (0.80 km) from Iver railway station. Uxbridge tube station is the nearest station to Iver Heath, has a taxi rank and adjacent car park. Iver railway station is connected well by footpath and has no car park. A few Oxford services call on the station's platforms, which is for the non-express aspect of the line for stopping trains to Crossrail destinations.