Particulates

Atmospheric particulate matter – also known as particulate matter (PM) or particulates – is microscopic solid or liquid matter suspended in the Earth's atmosphere. The term aerosol commonly refers to the particulate/air mixture, as opposed to the particulate matter alone. Sources of particulate matter can be man-made or natural. They have impacts on climate and precipitation that adversely affect human health.

Subtypes of atmospheric particle matter include:

The IARC and WHO designate airborne particulates a Group 1 carcinogen. Particulates are the deadliest form of air pollution due to their ability to penetrate deep into the lungs and blood streams unfiltered, causing permanent DNA mutations, heart attacks, and premature death. In 2013, a study involving 312,944 people in nine European countries revealed that there was no safe level of particulates and that for every increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM10, the lung cancer rate rose 22%. The smaller PM2.5 were particularly deadly, with a 36% increase in lung cancer per 10 μg/m3 as it can penetrate deeper into the lungs.

Pindad PM2

The Pindad PM2 is a submachine gun manufactured by Pindad of Indonesia. This sub-machine gun is intended to be used by forest guard authorities and by law enforcement.

Design objectives

The Pindad PM2 is a submachine gun based on the Pindad SS2, using a similar receiver (although changed to use 9×19mm ammunition), grip, and folding stock. It is designed to exceed the performance of the popular German-made Heckler & Koch MP5. It has a standard MIL-STD-1913 rail on top for optics and comes with a suppressor.

Specifically designed for Close Quarters Combat operations, the PM2 is marketed primarily for military special forces and police Anti-Terrorism teams. The PM2 meets the needs of urban warfare operations, with Pindad having developed non-lethal rubber bullets for the weapon.

There is currently no intention for the local government to purchase the weapon, however foreign buyers are interested in buying the firearm.

Variants

PM2-V1

The V1 weighs 3.18 kg with its magazine. It is 625 mm long with a blowback firing system

PM2

The Parallel Multithreaded Machine (PM2) is a software for parallel networking of computers.

PM2 is an open-source distributed multithreaded programming environment designed to support efficiently distributed programs with a highly irregular behavior (e.g. branch and bound search, computation on sparse matrices, etc.) on distributed architectures. It is distributed under the GPL.

PM2 adheres to the SPMD (Single Program Multiple Data) programming model, in a way very similar to the PVM and MPI communication libraries. The user writes a single program text, a copy of which is launched by a specific load command on each processing node of the current configuration. It is up to the programmer to include branching so as to differentiate between the processing nodes. This way it allows a network of heterogeneous machines to be used as a single distributed parallel processor.

It is primarily designed for medium-size clusters of commodity processing nodes interconnected by high-performance networks, but nothing prevents the use on massively parallel MIMD machines at one end of the spectrum, or as a support for metacomputing over the Internet on the other end. It supports heterogeneous networking configurations, such as sets of interconnected clusters.